Compared to households in other population groups, Black households are much more likely to be headed by women. Nearly half (48.2%) of African American households are headed by women, compared to 27.6% of non-Hispanic White households and 26.2% of households in other population groups. The main reason for this disparity is that African American families are much more likely to be headed by women. While 29.7% of African American families are headed by women, only 8.7% of non-Hispanic White families and 15.3% of families in other population groups have women as the head of household. Compared to women in other market segments, women exercise significantly more economic influence in the African American market. Women are responsible for nearly half the income earned by African Americans, while women in other population groups earn only one-third of aggregate income. The approximately $260 billion in aggregate income controlled by Black women is 52% more than the aggregate income of Hispanic women. There are 2.2 million Black women working in occupations that are classified in the executive, administrators, and managerial category. Women in these positions make up 24.2% of all African American women in the workplace. There are 1.3 million Black women employed in professional specialty occupations, including approximately 300,000 in health-care related positions and nearly 500,000 who are employed as teachers. Black women are heavily represented in certain industries. These include nursing and residential care facilities, where they account for 23.4% of all employees and social assistance organizations (17.6%). The higher propensity of Black women to be in charge of their own household and family translates into a significant degree of influence on consumer decisions within the African American market. The 2002 "Windows on Women" Report conducted by Harris Interactive for Essence Communications Partners determined that Black women are more likely than White women to be the primary decision-maker in a wide range of product and service areas. These include health-care plans, mobile/wireless telephone service, financial services, home electronics, computer hardware or software, automobiles, and major purchases such as a house. But are marketers paying attention? Despite the influence over consumer decisions wielded by African American women, some analysts perceive that marketers undervalue this segment of American consumers. As noted by American Demographics (September 2003), "Less than 1% of total ad spending targets (African American women), although they represented 3.3% of the $7.6 trillion in total buying power in the U.S. in 2002)." This pattern is validated by review of the involvement of apparel marketers in the African American market published in Women's Wear Daily (March 19, 2003). African American women spend relatively more on apparel than other population groups, and they have a more acute sense of fashion and style. Yet, according to a review of the apparel industry in Women's Wear Daily (March 19,2003), "Apparel marketers are taking some steps to boost their appeal to African Americans, but they're still behind the curve...." One example of a marketing effort specifically recognizing the importance of Black women was carried out by Toyota in 2003. As part of an expanded effort to include African American women in its marketing activities, the company supported a series of events specifically targeting Black women in the 25- to 45-year-old age group. One took the form of grassroots promotion of several Toyota models at the 2003 Essence Awards in Hollywood, which honor notable African Americans. Toyota also sponsored a series of events entitled "Toyota Presents Tea and Tranquility: The Power of Women Connected" in Los Angeles, Chicago, and Atlanta. The promotional events were by invitation only and offered 60 to 80 women the opportunity to enjoy high tea and a presentation from Toyota.