Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
- Renewable energy in world primary energy supply
- TPES - Total Primary Energy Supply
- Hydro power
- Wind power
- Solar photovoltaic energy
- Solar thermal energy
- Biomass energy
- Geothermal energy
- Ocean energy conversion
- Hybrids
- Fuel cells
- Hydrogen economy
- Distributed generation
- Renewable energy issues
- Cost
- Competition to renewables
HYDROPOWER
- Overview of hydropower
- Technical Background
- Small Hydro Plants (SHP)
- Turbine technologies for small-, mid- and large-scale hydro plants
- Pelton Turbine
- Francis Turbine
- Bulb Turbine
- Propeller or Kaplan Turbine
- Environmental concerns
- The potential size of the hydroelectric market
- Europe
- Austria
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Romania
- Norway
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- The Non Fossil Fuel Obligation
- CIS
- Georgia
- Kazakhstan
- Russia
- North America
- Canada
- Small Hydro Technology Development in Canada
- United States
- Mexico
- South and Central America
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Colombia
- Panama
- Venezuela
- Peru
- Developing Asia
- China
- The current status of SHP in China
- SHP practice and experience in China
- Decentralised development and management mechanism focusing on local
stakeholders
- Policy stimulates development
- Funding sources
- Joint investment
- Loans and Grants
- Close relationship with rural electrification programme
- Emphasis on cost-effective SHP technology
- Local grid development and SHP own supply area
- Some obstacles to further development
- Size matters
- Known ownership
- India
- Nepal
- Water resources
- Energy sector
- Hydropower development
- Small hydro in Nepal
- Bhutan
- Papua New Guinea
- Hydropower development
- Vietnam
- Laos
- Malaysia
- Industrialised Asia Pacific
- Changes in National Energy Policy
- Hydropower capacity and energy production
- New Zealand
- Africa
WIND POWER
- Overview of wind power
- Technical background of wind power
- Types of modern wind turbine
- Energy
- Wind farms
- Small wind turbines
- Environmental aspects
- Noise
- Birds
- Visual effects
- Integration into supply networks
- The wind power market
- The development of wind power
- Wind power electricity costs
- Project, operation and maintenance costs
- The benefits
- Higher wind speeds
- The challenges - offshore: costs
- Economies of scale
- Megawatt turbine size
- Larger wind farms, from 100 MW
- New foundation technologies
- Gravity foundations
- Mono pile foundations
- Tripod foundations
- Reusing foundations
- Projects in the pipeline
- The future market for wind power
- North America
- India and China
- Rest of the world
- Historical development of wind power
- Large wind turbines
- Investment
- Major Country Profiles
- Denmark
- History
- Market size
- Germany
- History
- Market size
- Market share Germany
- Future targets
- Wind turbine size
- Spain
- History
- Market size
- Annual investment in wind power
- Spanish utility in wind deals
- Manufacturing industry
- Wind turbine size
- Future targets
- Spanish incentives
- United Kingdom
- Market size
- Future targets
- United States
- History
- Market size
- Outlook
- Future targets
- Cost of wind energy generation
- US manufacturer developments
- India
- History
- Market size
- Future targets
- Cost
- Manufacturing in India
- China
- History
- Future targets
- Offshore wind power
- Wind turbine size
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Wind power manufacturers
- Manufacturers' market shares
- Wind farm developers and owners
- Manufacturing base
- The return of the heavyweights
SOLAR PV
- Overview of soalr photovoltaics (PV)
- Japan
- USA
- Europe
- Germany
- Rest of the world
- Technical background
- Solar energy
- Solar photovoltaics (PV)
- Solar cell materials
- Conditions of Use
- Cloud conditions
- Isolated generation
- PV and the environment
- Applications of Solatr PV technology
- Buildings as energy systems and collectors of solar energy
- PV with Battery Storage
- Balance of System: Storage
- PV with Generators
- PV Connected to Utilities
- Utility-Scale Power
- Production of Solar PV cells
- Japanese companies
- US Companies
- European companies
- Products
- Future trends
- Government and industry support programmes
- Prices
COUNTRY PROFILES
- Japan
- Installed capacity of solar PV
- Manufacturing
- Market Development
- Government support
- Utilities
- USA
- Installation
- Grid-connected sector
- The off-grid commercial/industrial sector
- The government sector
- The on-grid distributed sector
- Market development
- Government support
- Europe
- Germany
- Finland
- France
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Portugal
- Spain
- Switzerland
- United Kingdom
- Rest of the world
- Australia
- Canada
- China
- India
- Indonesia
- Israel
- Kenya
- Korea (Republic)
- Mexico
- South Africa
- Thailand
SOLAR THERMAL POWER
- Overview of solar thermal power
- Technical background of solar thermal energy
- Parabolic trough
- Central receiver systems - solar tower
- Parabolic dish systems
- Solar chimney power plants
- The Solar thermal market
- Large-scale solar thermal electricity generation
- Central solar thermal
- China
- Products
- Flat-plate
- Vacuum tube
- Combined storage tank
- Production
- Applications
- India
- Domestic applications
- Solar thermal power plants
- Process heat
- Industrial applications
- Water desalination and purification
- Solar pond desalination systems in industrial environment
- Solar pond desalination systems for drinking water supply
- Israel
- USA
BIOMASS
- Overview of biomass energy conversion
- Usage patterns
- Power generation
- Technical background
- Benefits and constraints of bio energy
- Factors encouraging the development of biomass energy
- Biomass resources
- Dedicated agricultural biomass crops
- Agricultural residues
- Sugar industry wastes
- Forestry crops
- Forestry residues
- Black liquor
- Animal waste
- Sewage
- Industrial waste
- Municipal solid waste (MSW)
- Biomass conversion technologies
- Direct combustion and cogeneration
- Biopower
- Biomass gasification for generation
- Pyrolysis
- Charcoal production
- Briquetting and pelletising
- Modular systems
- Biofuels for transportation
- Ethanol
- Biodiesel
- Bio refineries
- Biobased products
- Technology developments
- The biomass energy market
- Rural usage
- Urban usage
- Regional distribution of biomass consumption
- Future primary biomass energy production and consumption
- Biomass markets - technology application
- Biomass heat
- The global market for heating wood fuel
- EU
- Technology for biomass heat
- Domestic heat production
- Larger scale use of biomass fuel for heating
- District heating
- Industrial use of biomass
- European competitiveness
- Market characteristics
- Infrastructure constraints
- USA
- Rest of world
- Liquid biofuels
- Technology and feedstocks
- Environment
- Market
- Biodiesel
- EU
- European transport market for biofuels
- Market position
- EU competitiveness
- Investment criteria for biofuel
- Support measures
- Bioethanol
- Brazil
- USA
- EU
- MSW (Municipal solid waste)
- Technology
- Environmental issues
- Global market for MSW
- EU
- USA
- East Asia
- Japan
- Pacific
- Rest of world
- Manufacture and competition
- Future prospects
- Landfill gas
- Environment
- Technology
- Market
- EU
- EU environmental regulations
- Rest of world
- Market problems
- Future prospects
- Biopower
- The technology
- Technologies for biomass combustion
- Power generation technologies
- Conventional steam cycle plant
- Gasification and other advanced processes
- Co-firing with fossil fuels
- Advantages of co-firing
- Disadvantages of co-firing
- Market overview of biomass for power generation
- Western Europe
- Brazil
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
- Overview of geothermal energy
- Main markets overview
- USA
- Philippines
- Indonesia
- Italy
- Mexico
- Japan
- Other countries
- Technical background
- Dry steam
- Flash steam
- Binary cycle
- Location of resources
- Geothermal power market
- Geothermal potential
- Direct use capacity
- Geothermal generation costs
- Country geothermal profiles
- USA
- The Geysers
- Other geothermal plants in the USA
- Current industry outlook
- Direct use
- Philippines
- Chronology of development of geothermal power in the Philippines
- Geothermal plants
- Indonesia
- Resource potential
- Geothermal plants
- Field development and contractor status
- Pertamina
- Unocal
- Amoseas
- Caithness and Florida Power & Light
- California Energy
- Asia Power Ltd
- PT Wahana Komunikatama
- Geothermal contracts concluded
- Prices
- Regional autonomy
- Law and regulation insufficient legal protection
- Contractual arrangements
- Energy Sales Contract (ESC)
- New geothermal guidelines
- Direct use
- Italy
- Geothermal resources
- Direct use
- Mexico
- Geothermal generation plants
- Direct use
- Japan
- Chronologuy of geothermal development in Japan
- Government support
- Direct use
- New Zealand
- Direct use
OCEAN ENERGY CONVERSION
- Overview of ocean energy conversion
- Tidal energy review
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
- Secondary water storage
- France Rance 240 MW Tidal Barrage
- Canada Annapolis 20 MW Tidal Barrage
- China 11 MW of small Tidal Plants
- Wave energy review
- Wave resources
- New developments
- Synergies with the offshore industry
- The road to commercial wave power
- OTEC Ocean thermal energy conversion review
- Additional benefits of OTEC technology DOWA
- Status of development and funding support
- Marine current energy review
- The marine current resource
- The size of the global resource
- Status of technology
- Horizontal axis turbines (axial flow turbine)
- Vertical axis turbines (cross flow turbine)
- Future of marine current energy
HYBRIDS
- Comparison of three successful operational hybrid systems in Inner Mongolia
- Economic assessment
- System costs
- Cost of energy (COE)
- Large scale high?tech hybrid development
FUELS CELLS
- Overview of fuel cells
- Technical background
- Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells
- Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC)
- Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC)
- Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC)
- Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC)
- Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
- Regenerative Fuel Cells
- Efficiency
- Battery powered electric car
- The fuel cell market
- US, EU and Japan
- Industry
- Commercial/service
- Residential high income
- Residential middle income
- Residential ?General
- Off-grid
- Transport
HYDROGEN ECONOMY
- Overview of the hydrogen economy
- The benefits of the Hydrogen Economy
- Energy security
- Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
- Reduced air pollution
- Improved energy efficiency
- Technical background ? production of hydrogen
- Barriers to commercialisation
- Hydrogen production and delivery
- Hydrogen storage
- Fuel cell cost and durability
- Safety, Codes and Standards
- Public acceptance
- The hydrogen economy - development
- Near Term
- Mid Term
- Long Term
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
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