Report: Renewable Energy Report - Ed 2

INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

Renewable energy in world primary energy supply
TPES - Total Primary Energy Supply
Hydro power
Wind power
Solar photovoltaic energy
Solar thermal energy
Biomass energy
Geothermal energy
Ocean energy conversion
Hybrids
Fuel cells
Hydrogen economy
Distributed generation
Renewable energy issues
- Cost
- Competition to renewables

HYDROPOWER

Overview of hydropower
- Technical Background
- Small Hydro Plants (SHP)
- Turbine technologies for small-, mid- and large-scale hydro plants
- Pelton Turbine
- Francis Turbine
- Bulb Turbine
- Propeller or Kaplan Turbine
- Environmental concerns
- The potential size of the hydroelectric market
Europe
- Austria
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Romania
- Norway
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- The Non Fossil Fuel Obligation
CIS
- Georgia
- Kazakhstan
- Russia
North America
- Canada
- Small Hydro Technology Development in Canada
- United States
- Mexico
South and Central America
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Colombia
- Panama
- Venezuela
- Peru
- Developing Asia
- China
- The current status of SHP in China
- SHP practice and experience in China
- Decentralised development and management mechanism focusing on local stakeholders
- Policy stimulates development
- Funding sources
- Joint investment
- Loans and Grants
- Close relationship with rural electrification programme
- Emphasis on cost-effective SHP technology
- Local grid development and SHP own supply area
- Some obstacles to further development
- Size matters
- Known ownership
- India
- Nepal
- Water resources
- Energy sector
- Hydropower development
- Small hydro in Nepal
- Bhutan
- Papua New Guinea
- Hydropower development
- Vietnam
- Laos
- Malaysia
Industrialised Asia Pacific
- Changes in National Energy Policy
- Hydropower capacity and energy production
- New Zealand
Africa
- Middle East

WIND POWER

Overview of wind power
- Recent developments
Technical background of wind power
- Types of modern wind turbine
- Energy
- Wind farms
- Small wind turbines
Environmental aspects
- Noise
- Birds
- Visual effects
- Integration into supply networks
The wind power market
The development of wind power
Wind power electricity costs
- Project, operation and maintenance costs
- The benefits
- Higher wind speeds
- The challenges - offshore: costs
- Economies of scale
- Megawatt turbine size
- Larger wind farms, from 100 MW
- New foundation technologies
- Gravity foundations
- Mono pile foundations
- Tripod foundations
- Reusing foundations
- Projects in the pipeline
The future market for wind power
- North America
- India and China
- Rest of the world
Historical development of wind power
- Large wind turbines
- Investment
Major Country Profiles
- Denmark
- History
- Market size
- Germany
- History
- Market size
- Market share Germany
- Future targets
- Wind turbine size
- Spain
- History
- Market size
- Annual investment in wind power
- Spanish utility in wind deals
- Manufacturing industry
- Wind turbine size
- Future targets
- Spanish incentives
- United Kingdom
- Market size
- Future targets
- United States
- History
- Market size
- Outlook
- Future targets
- Cost of wind energy generation
- US manufacturer developments
- India
- History
- Market size
- Future targets
- Cost
- Manufacturing in India
- China
- History
- Future targets
- Offshore wind power
- Wind turbine size
- Italy
- Netherlands
Wind power manufacturers
- Manufacturers' market shares
- Wind farm developers and owners
- Manufacturing base
The return of the heavyweights

SOLAR PV

Overview of soalr photovoltaics (PV)
- Japan
- USA
- Europe
- Germany
- Rest of the world
Technical background
- Solar energy
- Solar photovoltaics (PV)
- Solar cell materials
- Conditions of Use
- Cloud conditions
- Isolated generation
- PV and the environment
- Applications of Solatr PV technology
- Buildings as energy systems and collectors of solar energy
- PV with Battery Storage
- Balance of System: Storage
- PV with Generators
- PV Connected to Utilities
- Utility-Scale Power
Production of Solar PV cells
- Japanese companies
- US Companies
- European companies
- Products
- Future trends
Government and industry support programmes
Prices

COUNTRY PROFILES

Japan
- Installed capacity of solar PV
- Manufacturing
- Market Development
- Government support
- Utilities
USA
- Installation
- Grid-connected sector
- The off-grid commercial/industrial sector
- The government sector
- The on-grid distributed sector
- Market development
- Government support
Europe
- Germany
- Finland
- France
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Portugal
- Spain
- Switzerland
- United Kingdom
- Rest of the world
- Australia
- Canada
- China
- India
- Indonesia
- Israel
- Kenya
- Korea (Republic)
- Mexico
- South Africa
- Thailand

SOLAR THERMAL POWER

Overview of solar thermal power
Technical background of solar thermal energy
- Parabolic trough
- Central receiver systems - solar tower
- Parabolic dish systems
- Solar chimney power plants
- The Solar thermal market
- Large-scale solar thermal electricity generation
- Central solar thermal
- China
- Products
- Flat-plate
- Vacuum tube
- Combined storage tank
- Production
- Applications
- India
- Domestic applications
- Solar thermal power plants
- Process heat
- Industrial applications
- Water desalination and purification
- Solar pond desalination systems in industrial environment
- Solar pond desalination systems for drinking water supply
- Israel
- USA

BIOMASS

Overview of biomass energy conversion
- Usage patterns
- Power generation
Technical background
- Benefits and constraints of bio energy
- Factors encouraging the development of biomass energy
Biomass resources
- Dedicated agricultural biomass crops
- Agricultural residues
- Sugar industry wastes
- Forestry crops
- Forestry residues
- Black liquor
- Animal waste
- Sewage
- Industrial waste
- Municipal solid waste (MSW)
Biomass conversion technologies
- Direct combustion and cogeneration
- Biopower
- Biomass gasification for generation
- Pyrolysis
- Charcoal production
- Briquetting and pelletising
- Modular systems
- Biofuels for transportation
- Ethanol
- Biodiesel
- Bio refineries
- Biobased products
Technology developments
The biomass energy market
- Rural usage
- Urban usage
- Regional distribution of biomass consumption
- Future primary biomass energy production and consumption
Biomass markets - technology application
- Biomass heat
- The global market for heating wood fuel
- EU
- Technology for biomass heat
- Domestic heat production
- Larger scale use of biomass fuel for heating
- District heating
- Industrial use of biomass
- European competitiveness
- Market characteristics
- Infrastructure constraints
- USA
- Rest of world
- Liquid biofuels
- Technology and feedstocks
- Environment
- Market
- Biodiesel
- EU
- European transport market for biofuels
- Market position
- EU competitiveness
- Investment criteria for biofuel
- Support measures
- Bioethanol
- Brazil
- USA
- EU
- MSW (Municipal solid waste)
- Technology
- Environmental issues
- Global market for MSW
- EU
- USA
- East Asia
- Japan
- Pacific
- Rest of world
- Manufacture and competition
- Future prospects
- Landfill gas
- Environment
- Technology
- Market
- EU
- EU environmental regulations
- Rest of world
- Market problems
- Future prospects
- Biopower
- The technology
- Technologies for biomass combustion
- Power generation technologies
- Conventional steam cycle plant
- Gasification and other advanced processes
- Co-firing with fossil fuels
- Advantages of co-firing
- Disadvantages of co-firing
- Market overview of biomass for power generation
- Western Europe
- Brazil

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Overview of geothermal energy
Main markets overview
- USA
- Philippines
- Indonesia
- Italy
- Mexico
- Japan
- Other countries
- Technical background
- Dry steam
- Flash steam
- Binary cycle
- Location of resources
- Geothermal power market
- Geothermal potential
- Direct use capacity
Geothermal generation costs
Country geothermal profiles
- USA
- The Geysers
- Other geothermal plants in the USA
- Current industry outlook
- Direct use
- Philippines
- Chronology of development of geothermal power in the Philippines
- Geothermal plants
- Indonesia
- Resource potential
- Geothermal plants
- Field development and contractor status
- Pertamina
- Unocal
- Amoseas
- Caithness and Florida Power & Light
- California Energy
- Asia Power Ltd
- PT Wahana Komunikatama
- Geothermal contracts concluded
- Prices
- Regional autonomy
- Law and regulation insufficient legal protection
- Contractual arrangements
- Energy Sales Contract (ESC)
- New geothermal guidelines
- Direct use
- Italy
- Geothermal resources
- Direct use
- Mexico
- Geothermal generation plants
- Direct use
- Japan
- Chronologuy of geothermal development in Japan
- Government support
- Direct use
- New Zealand
- Direct use

OCEAN ENERGY CONVERSION

Overview of ocean energy conversion
Tidal energy review
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
- Secondary water storage
- France Rance 240 MW Tidal Barrage
- Canada Annapolis 20 MW Tidal Barrage
- China 11 MW of small Tidal Plants
Wave energy review
- Wave resources
- New developments
- Synergies with the offshore industry
- The road to commercial wave power
OTEC Ocean thermal energy conversion review
- Additional benefits of OTEC technology DOWA
- Status of development and funding support
Marine current energy review
- The marine current resource
- The size of the global resource
- Status of technology
- Horizontal axis turbines (axial flow turbine)
- Vertical axis turbines (cross flow turbine)
- Future of marine current energy

HYBRIDS

Comparison of three successful operational hybrid systems in Inner Mongolia
Economic assessment
System costs
Cost of energy (COE)
Large scale high?tech hybrid development

FUELS CELLS

Overview of fuel cells
Technical background
- Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells
- Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC)
- Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC)
- Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC)
- Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC)
- Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
- Regenerative Fuel Cells
- Efficiency
- Battery powered electric car
The fuel cell market
- US, EU and Japan
- Industry
- Commercial/service
- Residential high income
- Residential middle income
- Residential ?General
- Off-grid
- Transport

HYDROGEN ECONOMY

Overview of the hydrogen economy
- The benefits of the Hydrogen Economy
- Energy security
- Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
- Reduced air pollution
- Improved energy efficiency
Technical background ? production of hydrogen
- Barriers to commercialisation
- Hydrogen production and delivery
- Hydrogen storage
- Fuel cell cost and durability
- Safety, Codes and Standards
- Public acceptance
The hydrogen economy - development
- Near Term
- Mid Term
- Long Term

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION

Renewable Energy Report - Ed 2 - 2006

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