Frozen Foods in China 2009: A Market Analysis

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION 1

• Report Coverage 1
• China' s Retail Statistics: A Cautionary Note 1
• The Problems With Chinese Retail Data? 1
• Other Access Asia Reports of Possible Interest 3
• Abbreviations Used 4
• Free Weekly Online Newsletter and Editorials 5

1 CHINA' S FROZEN FOOD MARKET 6

• 1.1 Overview 6
• 1.2 China' s Total Food & Beverage Market 6
  • 1.2.1 Total Food Market: Food & Non-food Sales 6
• Table 1.1 TOTAL CURRENT VALUE RETAIL SALES BY FOOD AND NON-FOOD, 2002-2008 6
  • 1.2.2 Total Food Market: Food/Non-food Sales Split 7
• Table 1.2 % BREAKDOWN OF SALES BY FOOD AND NON-FOOD, 2002-2008 7
  • 1.2.3 Total Food Market: Urban and Rural Split 7
• Table 1.3 TOTAL CURRENT VALUE RETAIL SALES BY FOOD & NON-FOOD, 2002-2008 7
  • 1.2.4 Total Food Market: The Trends 7
• Figure 1.1: Total Volume Growth in Retail Sales of Selected Food Products in China, 2002-2008 8
• Figure 1.2: Per Capita Volume & Growth of Retail Sales of Selected Food Products in China, 2000/2006 9
• Table 1.4 CURRENT VALUE RETAIL FOOD SALES BY MAJOR PRODUCT CATEGORY, 2002-2008 9
  • 1.2.5 Total Food Market: Urban Value Trends 10
• Table 1.5 CURRENT VALUE URBAN RETAIL FOOD SALES BY MAJOR PRODUCT CATEGORY, 2002-2008 11
  • 1.2.6 Total Food Market: Rural Value Trends 11
• Table 1.6 CURRENT VALUE RURAL RETAIL FOOD SALES BY MAJOR PRODUCT CATEGORY, 2002-2008 11
• 1.3 Total Frozen Food Market 12
  • 1.3.1 Frozen Food Market: Total Market Size 12
• Table 1.7 TOTAL CURRENT VALUE MARKET FOR FROZEN FOOD IN CHINA, 2002-2008 12
  • 1.3.2 Frozen Food Market: Total Market Size in Volume Terms 12
• Table 1.8 TOTAL MARKET VOLUME FOR FROZEN FOOD IN CHINA, 2002-2008 13
  • 1.3.3 Frozen Food Market: Total Food Market Significance 13
• Table 1.9 FROZEN FOOD MARKET AS A PROPORTION OF TOTAL CURRENT VALUE RETAIL FOOD SALES IN CHINA, 2002-2008 13
  • 1.3.4 Frozen Food Market: Freezer Ownership 13
• Rural Appliance Price Rebate Scheme 14
• Rural Retailing Development Project 14
• Table 1.10 HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF REFRIGERATORS/FREEZERS BY URBAN/RURAL DIVIDE, 2000-2007 16
• 1.4 Regional Markets 16
  • 1.4.1 Regional Markets: Provincial Values 16
• Table 1.11 CURRENT VALUE OF FROZEN FOOD RETAIL MARKET BY PROVINCE IN CHINA, 2002-2008 16
  • 1.4.2 Regional Markets: Provincial Per Capita Spend 17
• Table 1.12 PER CAPITA CURRENT VALUE OF FROZEN FOOD RETAIL MARKET BY PROVINCE IN CHINA, 2002-2008 17
  • 1.4.3 Regional Markets: Provincial Volumes 18
• Table 1.13 VOLUME OF FROZEN FOOD RETAIL MARKET BY PROVINCE IN CHINA, 2002-2008 18
  • 1.4.4 Regional Markets: Provincial Per Capita Volume Consumption 19
• Table 1.14 PER CAPITA VOLUME OF FROZEN FOOD RETAIL MARKET BY PROVINCE IN CHINA, 2002-2008 19
• 1.5 Sector Breakdown 20
  • 1.5.1 Sector Breakdown: Sector Values & Volumes 20
• Table 1.15 FROZEN FOOD CURRENT VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SECTOR IN CHINA, 2002-2008 20
  • 1.5.2 Sector Breakdown: Sector Shares 21
• Table 1.16 % BREAKDOWN OF FROZEN FOOD CURRENT VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SECTOR IN CHINA, 2002-2008 21
  • 1.5.3 Sector Breakdown: Growth Rates 21
• Table 1.17 % ANNUAL GROWTH FOR FROZEN FOOD CURRENT VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SECTOR IN CHINA, 2002-2008 22
• 1.6 Urban & Rural Retail Sales of Frozen Food in China 22
  • 1.6.1 Urban & Rural Market: Total Sales 22
• Table 1.18 CURRENT VALUE RETAIL MARKET FOR FROZEN FOOD BY URBAN & RURAL SALES IN CHINA, 2002-2008 22
  • 1.6.2 Urban & Rural Market: Growth Rates 23
• Table 1.19 % GROWTH OF THE CURRENT VALUE RETAIL MARKET FOR FROZEN FOOD BY URBAN & RURAL MARKETS IN CHINA, 2002-2008 23
• 1.7 Market Shares 23
  • 1.7.1 Market Shares: Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts Market Value Shares 23
• Table 1.20 LEADING NATIONAL FROZEN FOOD COMPANY MARKET SHARES BY SALES REVENUE, 2004-2007 24
• 1.8 Prices 24
  • 1.8.1 Prices: Retail Price Indices 24
• Table 1.21 AVERAGE INCOME ANNUAL GROWTH BY SECTOR, 2004 - 2007 25
• Table 1.22 RETAIL PRICE INDICES BY BROAD SECTOR, 2001-2008 27
  • 1.8.2 Prices: Average Sectoral Unit Values 27
• Table 1.23 AVERAGE UNIT RETAIL PRICES FOR FROZEN FOOD BY SECTOR IN CHINA, 2002-2008 28
  • 1.8.3 Prices: Average Regional Unit Prices 28
• Table 1.24 AVERAGE REGIONAL RETAIL PRICES & % ANNUAL GROWTH ON FROZEN FOOD IN CHINA, 2002-2008 28
  • 1.8.4 Prices: Store Check Data 29
  • Meat products 29
• Table 1.25 RETAIL PRICES OF SELECTED FROZEN MEAT PRODUCTS, FEBRUARY 2009 29
  • Pizza 30
• Table 1.26 RETAIL PRICES OF SELECTED FROZEN PIZZAS, FEBRUARY 2009 30
  • Fish & seafood 30
• Table 1.27 RETAIL PRICES OF SELECTED FROZEN SEAFOOD, FEBRUARY 2009 30
  • Vegetables 30
• Table 1.28 RETAIL PRICES OF SELECTED FROZEN VEGETABLES, FEBRUARY 2009 30
  • Ready meals 31
• Table 1.28 RETAIL PRICES OF SELECTED FROZEN READY MEALS, FEBRUARY 2009 31
  • Desserts 31
• Table 1.29 RETAIL PRICES OF SELECTED FROZEN DESSERTS, FEBRUARY 2009 31
• 1.9 Outlook 32
  • 1.9.1 Outlook: Forecast Trends 32
  • 1.9.2 Outlook: Total Market Size In Value Terms 32
• Table 1.30 FORECAST TOTAL VALUE & VOLUME MARKET FOR FROZEN FOOD PRODUCTS IN CHINA, 2009-2013 32
• Table 1.31 FORECAST TOTAL VALUE & VOLUME MARKET % BREAKDOWN FOR FROZEN FOOD PRODUCTS IN CHINA, 2009-2013 33
• Table 1.32 FORECAST TOTAL VALUE & VOLUME MARKET % ANNUAL GROWTH FOR FROZEN FOOD PRODUCTS IN CHINA, 2009-2013 33
• 1.10 Current Issues 33
  • 1.10.1 Current Issues: Rural Retailing Development Project 33
• Table 1.33 STANDARDS FOR COUNTRYSIDE STORES IN VILLAGES 35
• Table 1.34 STANDARDS FOR COUNTRYSIDE STORES IN TOWNS/TOWNSHIPS 35
• Table 1.35 RURAL RETAILING PROJECT COUNTRYSIDE STORES IN VILLAGES, AUGUST 2008 36
• Table 1.36 RURAL RETAILING PROJECT COUNTRYSIDE STORES IN TOWNS/TOWNSHIPS, AUGUST 2008 36
• Table 1.37 RURAL RETAILING PROJECT DISTRIBUTION CENTRES, AUGUST 2008 37
• Table 1.38 RURAL RETAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT TOTAL COMPANIES, 2005-2007 38
• Table 1.39 RURAL RETAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT COMPANY STRUCTURE, 2007 38
  • 1.10.2 Current Issues: Linking the Chill Chain 40
  • 1.10.3 Current Issues: Private Label 41
• Table 1.40 CHINA TOP-100 RETAILER' S TOTAL SALES AND PRIVATE LABEL SALES COMPARED, 2005-2009* 42
  • 1.10.4 Current Issues: Food Safety 43
  • 1.10.5 Current Issues: Fat Food: Facing an Obesity Epidemic 45
  • 1.10.6 Current Issues: Genetically Modified Food 49
  • 1.10.7 Current Issues: Organic Farming 49

2 MARKETING & DISTRIBUTION 51

• 2.1 Marketing & Advertising 51
  • 2.1.1 Marketing & Advertising: Trends 51
  • Conventional Media Advertising 51
• Table 2.1 ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE IN CHINA, 2004-2007 51
  • Online Advertising 52
• Table 2.2 ONLINE ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE IN CHINA, 2004-2007 52
  • 2.1.2 Marketing & Advertising: Leading Advertised Product Categories 53
• Table 2.3 TOP 10 ADVERTISING CATEGORIES IN CHINA, 2007 53
  • 2.1.3 Marketing & Advertising: Leading Advertised Brands 53
• Table 2.4 TOP 10 ADVERTISING BRANDS IN CHINA, 2007 53
  • 2.1.4 Marketing & Advertising: Leading Advertisers 53
• Table 2.5 CHINA' S TOP TEN ADVERTISERS, 2004-2006 54
  • 2.1.5 Marketing & Advertising: The Prime-time Advertising Auction 54
• Table 2.6 PRIME-TIME ADVERTISING AUCTION ON CHINA' S CCTV, 2000-2009 54
  • 2.1.12 Marketing & Advertising: Advertising Legislation Affecting China' s Milk Power Market 55
  • 2.1.7 Marketing & Advertising: Brand Preferences Choice Factors in China 55
  • Age & Location 55
• Table 2.7 BRAND PREFERENCES IN TERMS OF AGE GROUPS & LOCATIONS IN CHINA, 2007 56
  • Quality Versus Image 56
• Table 2.8 FACTORS DETERMINING BRAND CHOICES IN CHINA, 2007 56
  • Local Versus Foreign 56
• Table 2.9 BRAND PREFERENCES IN CHINA, 2007 57
  • "Chameleon" Brands 57
• Table 2.10 TOP CHAMELEON BRANDS IN CHINA, 2008 57
• 2.1.8 Marketing and Advertising in China: Brand Equity 58
• 2.1.9 Marketing & Advertising: Emerging Local Brands 58
• Table 2.11 CHINA' S MOST VALUABLE BRANDS, 2007/2008 59
  • 2.1.12 Marketing & Advertising: Pricing Issues 59
• Table 2.12 CONSUMERS WHO TRADE UP OR DOWN BY INCOME SEGMENTS, 2007 60
• Table 2.13 CONSUMERS WHO TRADE UP OR DOWN BY CATEGORIES, 2007 60
  • 2.1.13 Marketing & Advertising: Brand Marketing Strategies 61
  • 2.1.3 Marketing & Advertising: Olympic Sponsorship a Waste of Money? 62
• Table 2.14 TOP FIVE OLYMPIC SPONSORS & TOP TEN LOCAL COMPANIES ASSOCIATED WITH OLYMPICS, 2008 63
  • 2.1.16 Marketing & Advertising: Online Sales 63
• Table 2.15 TOP ONLINE SHOPPING TRANSACTION BY REGION, 2007 64
• Table 2.16 TOP REASONS FOR NOT SHOPPING ONLINE, 2007 64
• 2.2 Consumers 65
  • 2.2.1 Consumer Profile: Broad Consumer Trends 65
  • 2.2.2 Consumer Profile: Frozen Food Consumers 65
• Table 2.17 NUMBER OF OWNERS OF STAND-ALONE FREEZERS PER 100 URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, 2003-2006 66
• Table 2.18 NUMBER OF OWNERS OF FRIDGE-FREEZERS PER 100 URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, 2003-2007 67
• 2.3 Logistics 67
• 2.4 Retail Distribution 68
• Table 2.19 % BREAKDOWN OF FROZEN FOODS SALES BY OUTLET TYPE, 2001-2007 69

3 SOURCES OF SUPPLY 70

• 3.1 Overall Frozen Food Production Industry 70
  • 3.1.1 Overall Frozen Food: Manufacturers & Revenue 70
• Table 3.1 TOTAL FROZEN FOOD MANUFACTURERS & INDUSTRY REVENUES, 1998-2007 70
  • 3.1.2 Overall Frozen Food: Revenue & Profit 71
• Table 3.2 FROZEN FOOD INDUSTRY REVENUE & PROFIT COMPARED, 1998-2007 71
  • 3.1.3 Overall Frozen Food: Key Indicators Compared 72
• Table 3.3 FROZEN FOOD INDUSTRY SECTOR INDICATORS COMPARED, 1998-2007 72
  • 3.1.4 Overall Frozen Food: Production, Apparent Consumption & Consumption Split 72
• Table 3.4 VALUE OF FROZEN FOOD PRODUCTION REVENUE, RETAIL SALES & NON-RETAIL EXPENDITURE IN CHINA, 2001-2007 73
• 3.2 Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts Production Industry 74
  • 3.2.1 Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts: Manufacturers & Revenue 74
• Table 3.5 ICE CREAM & FROZEN DESSERTS MANUFACTURERS & INDUSTRY REVENUES, 1998-2007 74
  • 3.2.2 Ice Cream & Frozen Desserts: Revenue & Profit 74
• Table 3.6 ICE CREAM & FROZEN DESSERTS INDUSTRY REVENUE & PROFIT COMPARED, 1998-2007 75
• 3.3 Frozen Aquatic Products Production Industry 75
  • 3.3.1 Frozen Aquatic Products: Manufacturers & Revenue 75
• Table 3.7 FROZEN AQUATIC PRODUCTS MANUFACTURERS & INDUSTRY REVENUES, 1998-2007 76
  • 3.3.2 Frozen Aquatic Products: Revenue & Profit 76
• Table 3.8 FROZEN AQUATIC PRODUCTS INDUSTRY REVENUE & PROFIT COMPARED, 1998-2007 76
• 3.4 Frozen Meat Products Production Industry 77
  • 3.4.1 Frozen Meat Products: Manufacturers & Revenue 77
• Table 3.9 FROZEN MEAT PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS & INDUSTRY REVENUES, 1998-2007 77
  • 3.4.2 Frozen Meat Products: Revenue & Profit 78
• Table 3.10 FROZEN MEAT PRODUCT INDUSTRY REVENUE & PROFIT COMPARED, 1998-2007 78
• 3.5 Quick Frozen Food Products Production Industry 78
  • 3.5.1 Quick Frozen Food Products: Manufacturers & Revenue 78
• Table 3.11 QUICK FROZEN FOOD PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS & INDUSTRY REVENUES, 1998-2007 79
  • 3.5.2 Quick Frozen Food Products: Revenue & Profit 79
• Table 3.12 QUICK FROZEN FOOD PRODUCT INDUSTRY REVENUE & PROFIT COMPARED, 1998-2007 80
• 3.6 Imports 80
  • 3.4.1 Imports: Value 80
• Table 3.13 MAJOR FROZEN FOODS IMPORT VALUE BY SECTOR, 2001-2007 80
  • 3.4.2 Imports: Volume 80
• Table 3.14 MAJOR FROZEN FOODS IMPORT VOLUME BY SECTOR, 2001-2007 80
• 3.5 Exports 81
  • 3.5.1 Exports: Value 81
• Table 3.15 MAJOR FROZEN FOODS EXPORT VALUE BY SECTOR, 2001-2007 81
  • 3.5.2 Exports: Volume 81
• Table 3.16 MAJOR FROZEN FOODS EXPORT VOLUME BY SECTOR, 2001-2007 81

4 SWOT ANALYSIS 82

• 4.1 Strengths 82
• 4.2 Weaknesses 82
• 4.3 Opportunities 83
• 4.4 Threats 83

5 LEADING COMPANIES 84

• 5.1 China Kangda (Konde) Food Co., Ltd. 84
  • 5.1.1 China Kangda Food: Company Details 84
  • 5.1.2 China Kangda Food: Company Background 84
  • 5.1.3 China Kangda Food: Financial Summary 85
• Table 5.1 CHINA KANGDA FOOD CO., LTD.: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2007/2008 85
• 5.2 China Yurun Food Industry Group Co., Ltd. 86
  • 5.2.1 China Yurun: Company Details 86
  • 5.2.2 China Yurun: Company Background 86
• Table 5.2 CHINA YURUN FOOD INDUSTRY GROUP CO., LTD.: SUBSIDIARIES, 2007 87
  • 5.2.3 China Yurun: Financial Results 87
• Table 5.3 CHINA YURUN FOOD INDUSTRY GROUP CO., LTD.: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2004-2007 88
• 5.3 Henan Shuanghui Inv. & Dev. 88
  • 5.3.1 Henan Shuanghui: Company Details 88
  • 5.3.2 Henan Shuanghui: Company Background 88
  • 5.3.3 Henan Shuanghui: Financial Results 89
• Table 5.4 HENAN SHUANGHUI (SHINEWAY) INVESTMENT & DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2003-2007 89
• 5.4 Synear (Sinian) Food 90
  • 5.4.1 Synear (Sinian) Food: Company Details 90
  • 5.4.2 Synear (Sinian) Food: Company Background 90
  • 5.4.3 Synear (Sinian) Food: Financial Results 91
• Table 5.5 SYNEAR (SINIAN) FOOD CO., LTD.: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2006-2008 91
• 5.5 Zhengzhou Sanquan Foods 92
  • 5.5.1 Zhengzhou Sanquan Foods: Company Details 92
  • 5.5.2 Zhengzhou Sanquan Foods: Company Background 92
  • 5.5.3 Zhengzhou Sanquan Foods: Financial Results 92
• Table 5.6 ZHENGZHOU SANQUAN FOODS CO., LTD.: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2005-2007 92
• 5.6 Zhongpin, Inc. 93
  • 5.6.1 Zhongpin: Company Details 93
  • 5.6.2 Zhongpin: Company Background 93
  • 5.6.3 Zhongpin: Financial Results 93
• Table 5.7 ZHONGPIN, INC.: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2004-2008 94

6 CONTACTS 95

• 6.1 Trade Organisations 95
  • 6.1.1 Chinese Association of Refrigeration 95
• 6.2 Government Departments 95
  • 6.2.1 Ministry of Agriculture 95
  • 6.2.1 Ministry of Commerce 95
  • 6.2.1 Ministry of Health 95

7 EXHIBITIONS & TRADE FAIRS 96

• 7.1 International FoodTec China 96
• 7.2 China FoodTech 96
• 7.3 China International Food Expo 96
• 7.4 China Refrigeration & Frozen Food Processing & Packaging 96

APPENDIX: MARKET BACKGROUND 97

• A.1 Fast Facts 97
• A.2 Regions of China 98
• Map A.1 CHINA: PROVINCES AND MUNICIPALITIES 98
• A.3 Demographics 99
  • A.3.1 Demographics: Total Population 99
• Table A.1 TOTAL POPULATION, 2002 - 2008 99
  • A.3.2 Demographics: Population by Location 101
• Table A.2 POPULATION BY URBAN-RURAL DIVIDE, 2002 - 2008 101
• Table A.3 POPULATION % BREAKDOWN BY URBAN-RURAL DIVIDE, 2002 - 2008 101
  • A.3.3 Demographics: Population by Province 102
• Table A.4 POPULATION BY PROVINCE, 2002 - 2008 102
  • A.3.4 Demographics: Population Density by Province 103
• Table A.5 POPULATION DENSITY BY PROVINCE, 2005-2008 103
  • A.3.5 Demographics: Population Concentration 103
• Map A.2 POPULATION CONCENTRATIONS BY PROVINCE, 2008 104
  • A.3.6 Demographics: Population by Gender 104
• Table A.6 TOTAL POPULATION BY GENDER & % BREAKDOWN, 2002 - 2008 105
  • A.3.7 Demographics: Population by Age Group 105
• Table A.7 POPULATION BY AGE GROUP, 2002 - 2008 105
• Table A.8 % BREAKDOWN OF POPULATION BY AGE GROUP, 2002 - 2008 105
• A.4 Consumer Attitudes 106
  • A.4.1 Consumer Attitudes: Overview 106
  • A.4.2 Consumer Attitudes: Response to Political Change 106
  • A.4.2 Consumer Attitudes: Response to Economic Change 107
  • A.4.3 Consumer Attitudes: Changes in Lifestyle 107
  • Livelihood 107
  • Individual loans 108
  • Housing 108
  • Possessions 108
  • Travel 109
  • Entertainment 109
  • Health and Fitness 110
  • Purchasing Influences 110
  • Taboos 111
• A.5 Consumer Wealth 111
  • A.5.1 Consumer Wealth: GDP and Cost of Living 111
• China' s New Middle Class 112
• Table A.9 MIDDLE AND UPPER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS IN CHINA, 1995/2000/2005/2010/2015 112
• Table A.10 TOTAL CONSUMPTION BY MIDDLE AND UPPER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS, 2005/2010/2015 112
• Table A.11 CONSUMPTION BY MIDDLE AND UPPER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS & % OF TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS, 1995/2000/2005/2010/2015 114
  • Confident Shoppers 115
• Table A.12 GDP AND COST OF LIVING INDEX, 2002 - 2008 115
  • A.5.2 Consumer Wealth: Provincial GDP 116
• Table A.13 GDP BY PROVINCE, 2002 - 2008 116
  • A.5.3 Consumer Wealth: GDP Growth by Province 117
• Table A.14 GDP GROWTH BY PROVINCE, 2002 - 2008 117
  • A.5.4 Consumer Wealth: GDP Per Capita by Province 117
• Table A.15 PER CAPITA GDP BY PROVINCE, 2002 - 2008 118
  • A.5.5 Consumer Wealth: Concentration of Wealth by Province 118
• Map A.3 VALUE OF GDP PER CAPITA BY PROVINCE, 2008 119
  • A.5.6 Consumer Wealth: The Major Cities 120
• Table A.16 LEADING CITIES KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS, 2007 120
• A.6 Households 121
  • A.6.1 Households: Overview of Household Conditions 121
  • A.6.2 Households: Total Households by Size 121
• Table A.17 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SIZE, 2002 - 2008 122
  • A.6.3 Households: Total households by Urban/Rural Split 122
• Table A.18 NUMBER AND SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS BY LOCATION, 2002 - 2008 122
  • A.6.4 Households: Income Earners Per Household 123
• Table A.19 AVERAGE NUMBER OF INCOME EARNERS PER HOUSEHOLD, 2002 - 2008 123
• A.7 Employment 123
  • A.7.1 Employment: Number of Workers by Sector 123
• Table A.20 NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR, 2002 - 2008 123
  • A.7.2 Employment: Growth by Sector 124
• Table A.21 GROWTH IN EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR, 2002 - 2008 124
  • A.7.3 Employment: Number of Workers by Gender 124
• Table A.22 TOTAL NATIONAL WORKFORCE BY GENDER, 2002 - 2008 124
  • A.7.3 Employment: Number of Workers by Habitation 125
• Table A.23 NATIONAL WORKFORCE BY HABITATION, 2002 - 2008 125
  • A.7.4 Employment: Urban Unemployment 125
• Table A.24 URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, 2002 - 2008 126
• A.8 Consumer Income 126
  • A.8.1 Consumer Income: Average Incomes by Sector 126
• Table A.25 AVERAGE INCOMES BY SECTOR, 2001 - 2007 126
  • A.8.2 Consumer Income: Growth by Sector 127
• Table A.26 GROWTH IN AVERAGE INCOMES BY SECTOR, 2001 - 2007 127
  • A.8.3 Consumer Income: Average Incomes by Region 128
• Table A.27 AVERAGE INCOMES BY REGION, 2001 - 2007 128
  • A.8.4 Consumer Income: Growth by Region 128
• Table A.28 GROWTH IN AVERAGE INCOMES BY REGION, 2001 - 2007 129
• A.9 Consumer Market 130
  • A.9.1 Consumer Market: Spending Trends 130
• Table A.29 CONSUMER EXPENDITURE* BY BROAD SECTOR AT CURRENT PRICES, 2002 - 2008* 130
  • A.9.2 Consumer Market: Per Capita Consumer Expenditure 130
• Table A.30 PER CAPITA CONSUMER EXPENDITURE* BY BROAD SECTOR AT CURRENT PRICES, 2002 - 2008* 130
  • A.9.3 Consumer Market: Retail Sales and Consumer Spending 131
• Table A.31 RETAIL SALES AS A PROPORTION OF CONSUMER EXPENDITURE*, 2002 - 2008 131
  • A.9.4 Consumer Market: Urban Income and Spending Compared 131
• Table A.32 URBAN & RURAL AVERAGE ANNUAL INCOME/EXPENDITURE, 2002 - 2008 131
• A.10 Exchange Rates 132
  • A.10.1 Exchange Rates: China 132
• Table A.33 AVERAGE ANNUAL RENMINBI EXCHANGE RATES AGAINST A VARIETY OF CURRENCIES, 2001 - 2008 132
  • A.10.2 Exchange Rates: Hong Kong 132
• Table A.34 AVERAGE ANNUAL HONG KONG DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATES AGAINST THE UNITED STATES DOLLAR AND RENMINBI, 2001 - 2008 132