SupplierBusiness : Advanced Automotive Energy Storage Report

Table of Contents

Foreword

Glossary

Introduction

Methodology and scope

• Forecast Horizon
• Advanced energy storage - definition

Executive Summary

Discussion of Key Issues

• Market Drivers
• Short term and long term CO2 goals

Evolution of Energy Storage Technologies

• Energy and Power Density
• Cycle life
• Technology Costs
• Safety
• Charge-discharge efficiency
• Charge Time
• Thermal Operating Characteristics
• Durability and Reliability
• Packaging
• Recycling and Evironmental Issues
• Self-Discharge
• Weight

• Cathodes
• Anodes
• Separators
• Electrolyte
• Cell Packaging
• Safety Circuits
• Packaging

• Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium - Li(NiCoAl)O2 - NCA
• Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) - LiCoO2
• Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) - LiFePO4
• Lithium Magnesium Iron Phosphate (LFMP)
• Lithium Manganese Spinel (LMO/LMS)- LiMn2O4
• Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM)- Li(NiCoMn)O2
• Lithium Iron Sulphide (LFS) - LiFeS
• Lithium Polymer (Li-Po)
• Lithium Nickel LiNiO2
• Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) - Li4Ti5O12
• Lithium Metal Polymer (LMP)
• Lithium Vanadium Phosphate (LVP) - Li3V2(PO4)3
• Lithium Sulphur
• Lithium Manganese Titanium (MNS)

• Zinc-Nickel
• Nickel Sodium
• Others
• Zinc-Air
• Lithium-Air (Li-Air)

• A123
• AESC
• Bollore-Batscap
• BYD
• Evonik
• Hitachi EV
• Johnson Controls-Saft
• LG Chem
• GS Yuasa
• Panasonic EV Energy (PEVE)
• Sanyo
• SB Limotive
• Valence
• Others

• Maxwell
• Others

Market Drivers

• Conventional Vehicles
• Micro Hybrids
• Mild Hybrids
• Full hybrids
• Plug-in Range Hybrids
• Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREV)
• Electric Vehicles (EV)

Market Development Issues

• BMW
• Chrysler
• Daimler
• FHI
• Fiat
• Ford
• General Motors
• Honda
• Hyundai
• Mitsubishi
• PSA Peugeot Citroen
• Renault-Nissan
• Toyota
• Volkswagen Group
• Other manufacturers

• Vehicle Segmentation and Market Demand Patterns on Adoption Rates for Advanced Power Storages

• Risks Sharing
• Investment Requirements and R&D Costs
• Supply Limitations
• Standardisation
• Intellectual Property Rights
• Warranty
• Material Cost Fluctuation
• Disruptive Technology
• Supply Chain Development
• Risk and Liability
• Safety
• The Value Chain
• Rationalisation and Consolidation

Appendix 1 - Current availabilty of HEV, BEV systems in Europe, North America, Japan and Korea 2009

Appendix 2 - Technology Road map

Supplier Profiles

• A123
• Advanced Battery Technologies
• Altair Nanotechnologies
• Asahi Kasei
• Axion Power
• Bollore
• BYD
• Cobasys
• Continental
• EEStor
• Electrovaya
• Enax
• Ener1
• Energy Conversion Devices
• Evonik
• Exide Technologies
• Fiamm
• GS Yuasa
• Hitachi
• JEOL
• Johnson Controls
• LG Chem
• Lithium Technology Corporation
• LS Corporation
• Maxwell Technologies
• MOLL
• NEC-Tokin
• NessCap
• Nichicon
• Nippon Chemi-Con
• Panasonic
• Saft
• Sanyo
• SK Energy
• TDK
• Valence

List of figures

• Figure 1. Major industry drivers and stakeholders
• Figure 2. Global Short Term CO2 and Fuel Economy targets
• Figure 5. Tank/Well to wheels analysis (TTW/WTW)
• Figure 3. Well to Wheels CO2 on the Japanese 10-15 mode cycle (Total CO2 per km driving)
• Figure 4. Energy requirement kWh per km for various test cycles
• Figure 7. Overall efficiency of conventional powertrain vs electric
• Figure 6. Fuel specific and gravimetric energy density
• Figure 8. Adoption of Alternative Technologies to meet EU CO2 targets 2015/2020
• Figure 9. Simple comparison of ESS
• Figure 10. Summary of Alternative ESS (1 - Very Poor 10 Very Good)
• Figure 11. Ragone chart
• Figure 12. Detailed Ragone chart
• Figure 13. Trends in Energy Density of Batteries (Wh/kg) (Based on raw material specific energy density)
• Figure 14. Number of cycles needed by application
• Figure 15. Cycles by chemistry (Deep Discharge)
• Figure 16. Forecast energy density and estimated costs per kWh for lithium ion
• Figure 17. Battery Cell Cost (Lithium-Ion)
• Figure 18. Battery Cell Cost Reduction (Lithium Ion)
• Figure 19. Potential Evolution of Battery Costs per kWh
• Figure 20. Charge-discharge energy efficiency % of rechargeable batteries
• Figure 21. Potential Charge and Discharge Rates
• Figure 22. ESS Operating Temperatures
• Figure 23. Toyota Prius III Battery Packaging (NiMH HEV)
• Figure 24. GM Volt Battery Pack (Lithium Ion EREV)
• Figure 25. Nissan Leaf Battery Pack (Lithium Ion - EV)
• Figure 26. Comparison of Alternative ESS Self Discharge Rates
• Figure 27. Battery Weight for current applications
• Figure 28. VRLA battery components
• Figure 29. Lithium Ion Battery Construction Cylindrical/Spiral Design
• Figure 30. Lithium Ion Battery Construction Prismatic Design
• Figure 31. Major Battery Suppliers OEM Relationships
• Figure 32. Major Battery Suppliers Chemistries
• Figure 33. A123 Cell Performance Improvement
• Figure 34. Batscap LMP Battery Characteristics
• Figure 36. Johnson Controls Saft Battery Specifications
• Figure 37. PEVE Hybrid Vehicle NiMH modules
• Figure 38. PEVE Hybrid Vehicle NiMH modules
• Figure 39. Ultra-capacitor components
• Figure 40. Ultracapacitor applications requirements
• Figure 41. Typical Ultracapacitor configurations
• Figure 42. Eaton Heavy Duty Hydraulic Launch Assist
• Figure 43. METI & NEDO Battery R&D Targets
• Figure 44. EUCAR Battery Targets
• Figure 45. USABC Goals for Advanced Batteries for PHEVs
• Figure 46. USABC Goals for Advanced Batteries for HEVs
• Figure 47. Examples of vehicles with stop-start
• Figure 48. Functions of Various Drivelines
• Figure 49. Energy Storage for Current and Near Future Hybrids and EVs
• Figure 50. Energy Storage for Current and Near Future Hybrids and EVs
• Figure 50. Energy Management Strategies by vehicle type
• Figure 51. Energy Management for Driveline Types
• Figure 52. Current and Future Micro Hybrids, HEV, PHEV, BEV 2008-2010/11
• Figure 53. OEM ESS relationships and programmes
• Figure 54. Miev Cell Specifications
• Figure 55. Supplier Battery Relationships
• Figure 56. Cost vs savings 2010 Europe (Based on 5 Years (€)
• Figure 57. Cost vs savings 2010 US (Based on 5 Years (€)
• Figure 58. Cost-benefit estimates EU 2025 Over 5 Years (€)
• Figure 59. Distances travelled by region
• Figure 60. European CO2 penalties
• Figure 61. Incentives for Hybrids and EV purchase 2009
• Figure 62. Impact of Incentives on Economics
• Figure 63. Charging time vs power (Nissan)
• Figure 64. Market penetration scenarios 2015
• Figure 65. Market penetration scenarios 2025
• Figure 66. Energy Storage System Market Forecast
• Figure 69. Battery Alliances
• Figure 71. Selected Battery investments
• Figure 70. Government Funding and Support Programmes
• Figure 67. Risks for OEMs
• Figure 68. Value chain
• Figure 72. Availability in Europe, North America, Japan and Korea
• Figure 73. Power Storage Technology Roadmap