Analyzing Algae as a Source of Fuel

Table of Contents

A. Executive Summary

B. The World of Algae

• B.1 Introduction to Algae
• B.2 Ecology
• B.3 Classifying Algae
  • B.3.1 Primoplantae/Archaeplastida
  • B.3.2 Excavata and Rhizaria
  • B.3.3 Chromista and Alveolata
• B.4 Forms of Algae
• B.5Algae in Symbiotic Relations
• B.6 Life-cycle of Algae
• B.7 Algae Production Methods
• B.8 Looking at Terrestrial versus Aquatic Biomass
• B.9 State of the Industry
• B.10 Algal Fuel Crop Candidates
• B.11 Revival of Algae
• B.12 Requirements for Algal Cultivation
• B.13 Challenges Relating to Plant Physiology, Metabolism, & Behavior
• B.14 Fuels from Algae
  • B.14.1 Biodiesel
  • B.14.2 Biobutanol
  • B.14.3 Biogasoline
  • B.14.4 Methane
  • B.14.5 Straight Vegetable Oil
  • B.14.6 Traditional Transport Fuels
  • B.14.7 Jet Fuel

C. Various Uses of Algae

• C.1 Usage as Fertilizer
• C.2 Usage as an Energy Source
• C.3 Controlling Pollution with Algae
• C.4 Algae as Nutrition
• C.5 Other Uses

D. Looking at Basic Biological Hydrogen Production by Algae

• D.1 Introduction
• D.2 History of Algaculture
• D.3 Timeline of Developments
• D.4 History of Biohydrogen Production from Algae
• D.5 Technological Evolution
• D.6 Design Issues related to the Bioreactor
• D.7 Principle of Biohydrogen Production from Algae
• D.8 Applications
• D.9 Ongoing Research & Economics of Biological Hydrogen Production
• D.10 Improving the Process by Adding Copper

E. Algae & Humans

F. Applications of Algae for Transport & Power Generation

G. Producing Fuel from Algae

• G.1 Introduction
• G.2 Basics of Fuel Production from Algae
• G.3 Production Strategies and Technologies
  • G.3.1 Production Infrastructure
• G.4 Products & Co-products
  • G.4.1 Biodiesel
  • G.4.2 Ethanol from Algal Biomass
  • G.4.3 Hydrocarbons
  • G.4.4 Mixed Alcohols
  • G.4.5 Co-products
• G.6 Advantages of Algae-based Fuel Production
  • G.6.1 Challenges Facing the Industry
  • G.6.2 Emerging Players in the Market
  • G.6.3 Methods to Improve Yield

H. Looking at the Technology Involved

• H.1 Looking at the Biological Concepts
• H.2 Producing the Algae
• H.3 Options for Fuel Production
• H.4 Producing Biodiesel from Algae
• H.5 Producing Ethanol from Algae
• H.6 Producing Hydrocarbons from Algae
• H.7 Algal Oil Extraction
• H.8 Types of Biofuel Produced

I. Integrated Biodiesel Production for Microalgae

• I.1 Environmental Problems

J. Production of Microalgal Biomass

K. Direct Liquefaction of Algae for Biodiesel Production

L. Algae & Carbon Capture

• L.1 Overview
• L.2 Looking at the Unregulated Carbon Marketplace
• L.3 Looking at the Regulated Carbon Marketplace
• L.4 Development of Carbon Networks

M. Analyzing Algal Fuel in the United States

N. Why Use Microalgae - Benefits for the United States

• N.1 Introduction
• N.2 Energy Security
• N.3 Dealing with Climate Change
• N.4 Coal & Microalgae
• N.5 No Requirement for Land

O. Competition for Algae

• O.1 Petroleum
• O.2 Other Competitors
  • O.2.1 Unconventional Fossil Fuels
  • O.2.2 Other Biofuels

P. Are Algae Biofuels the Future?

• P.1 Introduction
• P.2 Looking at Global Biodiesel Production
• P.3 R&D into Algal-Oil Production for Biodiesel Purposes
• P.4 Sequestration of CO2 through Algae Cultivation Plants
• P.5 Challenges Facing Conventional Biodiesel Production
• P.6 Conclusion

Q. Analyzing the Economics of Producing Microalgae & Biodiesel Processing

• Q.1 Introduction
• Q.2 Looking at Microalgae
• Q.3 R&D on the Usage of Microalgae
• Q.4 Cultivating Microalgae as a Business
• Q.5 Conclusion

R. Fuel from Algae - At What Cost?

S. Case Study: Deriving Jet Fuel from Algal Lipids

T. Case Study: Coal & Microalgae

U. Case Study: Algae Driving the Maalaea Power Plant

V. Case Study: Algae-fuelled Car in Cross-Country Race

W. Commercialization Outlook for Algae

X. Leading Industry Contributors

• X.1 FuelBio
• X.2 AlgaeLink
• X.3 AlgoDyne Ethanol Energy Corporation
• X.4 A2BE Carbon Capture
• X.5 Algae Fuel Systems
• X.6 Algae Floating Systems Inc
• X.7 Algaewheel
• X.8 Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation
• X.9 Aurora Biofuels
• X.10 Bio Fuel Systems
• X.11 Blue Marble Energy
• X.12 Cellana
• X.13 Dao Energy, LLC
• X.14 Diversified Energy Corporation
• X.15 Global Green Solutions
• X.16 GreenerBioEnergy Corporation
• X.17 GreenFuel Technologies Corporation
• X.18 GS CleanTech
• X.19 GreenFuel Technologies
• X.20 Imperium Renewables
• X.21 Inventure Chemical
• X.22 International Energy, Inc
• X.23 Live Fuels Inc
• X.24 PetroAlgae
• X.25 PetroSun
• X.26 Sapphire Energy
• X.27 Seambiotic
• X.28 Solazyme
• X.29 Solix Biofuels
• X.30 Solena Group
• X.31 Infinifuel
• X.32 Valcent Products Inc
• X.33 Virgin Green Fund

Y. Appendix

Z. Glossary of Terms