Analyzing the Hydrogen Economy

Table of Contents

A. Executive Summary

B. Introduction to Hydrogen and the Hydrogen Economy

• What is Hydrogen?
• Properties of Hydrogen
• Energy Needs of a Hydrogen Economy
• Production Processes of Hydrogen
  • Electrolysis
  • Reforming
  • Hydrogen from Coal
  • Hydrogen from Natural Gas
  • Hydrogen from Nuclear Energy
  • Hydrogen from Renewable Energy Sources
• Hydrogen Production Costs from Various Methods
• Hydrogen Packaging
  • Compression Process
  • Hydrogen Liquefaction
  • Physical Hydrides
  • Chemical Hydrides
• Delivering Hydrogen
  • On Road Delivery
  • Delivery through Pipelines
  • On-site Generation
• Delivered Hydrogen Cost Estimates
• Transferring Hydrogen

C. A Global Hydrogen Energy System

D. Current Hydrogen Industry

E. Broad Issues with the Hydrogen Economy

F. Technical Issues and Cost Barriers to the Hydrogen Economy

• Issues with Production, Distribution, Storage
• Carbon Capture and Storage
• Fuel Cells

G. Environmental Implications of Hydrogen

H. Environmental Impacts of Hydrogen Production Methods

I. Environmental Impact of the Hydrogen Economy

• Introduction
• Hydrogen in the Atmosphere
• Hydrogen in the Troposphere - A Modeled Scenario
• Is Hydrogen a GHG?
• GHG Consequences and the Hydrogen Economy
• Water Vapor Emissions of a Hydrogen Economy
• Conclusion

J. Role of Fuel Cells in the Hydrogen Economy

K. Developing the Hydrogen Economy

• Developing the Hydrogen Infrastructure and Associated Costs
• Required Government Support
• Projections of Hydrogen Use

L. Key Policy Questions in the Future of Hydrogen

M. Socio-Economic Features of the Hydrogen Economy

• Why Develop Hydrogen?
• Hydrogen Technologies
  • Production
  • Transportation and Distribution of Hydrogen
  • Hydrogen Storage
• Conversion of Hydrogen and Uses
  • Electricity Generation
  • Applications in Transportation

N. Hydrogen for Developing Countries

• Suggestions for National Energy Policy Makers
• Role of International Governments and NGOs

O. Hydrogen from Hydrocarbons and Carbon Sequestration

P. The Potential of Renewable Hydrogen and Required Production Strategies

Q. Role of Ammonia in Hydrogen Economy

• Introduction
• Properties of Ammonia
• Production of Ammonia
  • Technical Description
  • Energy Usage
• Decomposition of Ammonia
• Storing Anhydrous Ammonia
• Using Ammonia as a Hydrogen Carrier
  • Two-way Carriers
  • One-way Carriers
  • Existing Ammonia Distribution
  • Ammonia Pipelines in Operation
  • Ammonia Tanker Ships
  • Ammonia Trucking
  • Ammonia Distribution Costs
• Safety Issues Associated with Ammonia
• Conclusion

R. An Alternative to Hydrogen Fuel - Synthetic Methanol

S. Outlook for the Hydrogen Economy

T. Case Studies

• United States
• Japan
• European Union
• Australia
• Iceland
• Canada
• France
• Germany
• Italy
• Korea
• India
• Brazil
• Russia
• United Kingdom

U. Appendix

V. Glossary of Terms