Table of Contents
A. Executive Summary
B. Looking at Renewables
- B.1 What is Renewable Energy?
- B.2 Types of Renewables
- B.3 Sources of Electricity
- B.4 Looking at the Economics
C. Introduction to Renewable Portfolio Standard
- C.1 What is a Renewable Portfolio Standard?
- C.2 History & Present-day Application of the RPS
- C.3 RPS and the Environment
- C.4 RPS and Emissions
- C.5 Energy Efficiency and the RPS
- C.6 Mechanics of an RPS
- C.7 Diversification of the Programs
- C.8 Benefits of a Renewable Portfolio Standard
- C.9 RPS and Clean Energy
- C.10 Key Features of a RPS
- C.11 Structure, Size & Application of RPS Policies
- C.12 Eligibility of RPS Policies
- C.13 Administration of an RPS
- C.14 Basic Elements of a Successful Policy
- C.15 Why is a RPS Required?
- C.16 Looking at State Level RPSs
- C.17 Federal RPS
- C.18 Challenge of Meeting the Energy Demand
D. Issues in US RPS Design
E. Macroeconomic Benefits of an RPS
F. Implementing RPS as a Foreign & Technological Policy
G. Managing Risk through RPS
- G.1 Role of RECs
- G.2 Diversifying and Lowering Risk
- G.3 Role of RPS in National Security
H. Tapping into Renewable Energy Resources
- H.1 Role of Renewable Energy Certificates
- H.2 What are RECs?
- H.3 Time Period for Compliance
- H.4 Double Counting
- H.5 Tracking Mechanisms for RECs
I. Geographical Eligibility of RPS
- I.1 Overview
- I.2 Restrictions on Generator Eligibility
- I.3 Development of In-State Facilities
- I.4 Role of Dormant Commerce Clause
J. State RPS Experiences
- J.1 Design of RPS Policies
- J.2 Impact of RPS on the Renewable Energy Supply
- J.3 Economic Impacts of RPS Policies
- J.4 Issues with Federal RPS Proposals
- J.5 Coordination between Federal & State RPS Policies
- J.6 Differences in State RPS Policies
- J.7 Strong Support for Policies Favoring Wind Power
- J.8 Compliance with State RPS Policies
- J.9 Variability in REC Prices
- J.10 Transmission Limitations are Prevalent
- J.11 Political Factors Driving State RPSs
K. RPS Design Trends
L. RPS Provisions for Solar Energy
- L.1 Overview
- L.2 Rise of Solar-Specific RPS Designs
- L.3 Development of Solar Facilities
- L.4 Dealing with the Issues for Solar Generation
- L.5 Case in Point: New Jersey Solar Renewable Energy Certificate Tracking
- L.6 Case Studies
- L.6.1 Solar RPS Provisions in Arizona
- L.6.2 Solar RPS Provisions in New Mexico
M. RPS & the Securing of Project Financing
- M.1 Overview
- M.2 Market Structure & Implementation of RPS
- M.3 Financial Expectations
- M.4 Changing Financial Policies
N. Regulatory Framework and the RPS
- N.1 Overview
- N.2 Strong RPS Policy Mechanisms
- N.3 Weak RPS Policy Mechanisms
- N.4 Cost Caps
- N.5 Fluctuating Eligibility Regulations
O. RPS in States
- O.1 Arizona
- O.2 California
- O.3 Colorado
- O.4 Connecticut
- O.5 Delaware
- O.6 Florida
- O.7 Hawaii
- O.8 Illinois
- O.9 Iowa
- O.10 Maine
- O.11 Maryland
- O.12 Massachusetts
- O.13 Michigan
- O.14 Minnesota
- O.15 Missouri
- O.16 Montana
- O.17 Nevada
- O.18 New Hampshire
- O.19 New Jersey
- O.20 New Mexico
- O.21 New York
- O.22 North Carolina
- O.23 North Dakota
- O.24 Ohio
- O.25 Oregon
- O.26 Pennsylvania
- O.27 Rhode Island
- O.28 South Dakota
- O.29 Texas
- O.30 Utah
- O.31 Vermont
- O.32 Virginia
- O.33 Washington
P. Case Study: RPS in Texas
- P.1 Introduction
- P.2 Analyzing the Texas RPS
- P.3 Design Details of the Texas RPS
- P.4 RPS & the Development of Renewable Energy in Texas
- P.5 Factors Driving Success
Q. Case Study: RPS in Massachusetts
R. Case Study: RPS in Nevada
S. Case Study: RPS in Pennsylvania
T. Case Study: RPS in Colorado
U. Future Impact of RPS Policies
V. Issues & Opportunities for RPS
W. Appendix
X. Glossary of Terms
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