Table of Contents
A. Executive Summary
B. Analyzing Greenhouse Gases
- B.1 What are Greenhouse Gases?
- B.2 The Greenhouse Effect
- B.3 What are the Causes of Global Warming?
- B.4 Greenhouse Gases
- B.5 Various Feedback Processes
- B.6 Solar Variation
- B.7 How Temperatures are Changing
- B.8 Recent Changes
- B.9 Historical Temperature Changes
- B.10 Economics of Global Warming
- B.11 Mitigation of Global Warming
- B.12 Natural & Anthropogenic Sources of GHGs
- B.13 Role of Water Vapor
- B.14 GHG Emissions
C. Effects of Global Warming
- C.1 Overview
- C.2 Effects on Weather
- C.3 Effects on Oceans
- C.4 Effect on Ecosystems
- C.5Effect on Agriculture
- C.6 Further Global Warming
- C.7 Negative Feedback Effects
- C.8 Economic Effects
- C.9 Environmental Effects
- C.10 Health Effects
- C.11 Effect on Security
- C.12 Impact of Glacier Retreat
D. Experience with Emissions Trading
- D.1 Emission Reduction Credit Offset Trading
- D.2 Lead in Gasoline
- D.3 Electric Utility SO2 Allowance Trading
- D.5 RECLAIM
- D.6 Ozone Transport Commission NOx Budget Program
- D.7 Emissions Trading for Greenhouse Gases
- D.8 Kyoto Mechanisms
- D.9 Danish CO2 Program
- D.10 UK GHG Emissions Trading Scheme
- D.11 European Commission Directive
- D.12 Other Proposed Trading Programs
- D.13 Links between the Kyoto Mechanisms & Domestic Policies &
Measures
E. Introduction to Emissions Trading
- E.1 Historical Background
- E.2 Present-day International Carbon Market
- E.2.1 Market Profile
- E.2.2 Emergence of Green Investment Schemes
- E.2.3 Project Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM)
- E.2.4 Beginning of Joint Implementation in 2008
- E.2.5 Looking at Domestic Policies for Emissions Trading
F. Analyzing the Emissions Trading Scheme in the EU
- F.1 Profiling the Trading Scheme
- F.2 The Cap Setting Process
- F.3 Temporal Trading: The Process of Banking & Borrowing
- F.4 The Linking Directive
- F.5 Scope of the ETS
- F.6 Common Trading Currency of Emission Allowances
- F.7 Member States' National Allocation Plans
- F.8 Measures to Ensure Compliance
- F.9 Guidelines for Monitoring & Reporting Emissions
- F.10 Transaction Registries
- F.11 How the Trading Takes Places
- F.12 Comparing the ETS to other Environmental Trading Programs
- F.13 Comparing Allowance Allocation Processes in the EU & US
- F.14 Comparing Emission Penalties
- F.15 Comparing Ease of Public Access to Trading Data
G. Benefits of ETS for Partners outside the European Union
- G.1 Creation of Demand for Credits
- G.2 Connecting the EU ETS with Other Trading Schemes
H. Impact of the EU ETS on Various Industry Segments
- H.1 Impact on the Aluminum Industry
- H.2 Impact on the Cement Industry
- H.3 Impact on the Pulp & Paper Industry
I. Containment Strategies across the European Union
- I.1 Generating Power through Other Sources as Carbon Taxes Increase
- I.2 Effect on Technologies as a Result Increase in Carbon Taxes
- I.2.1 Coal Fired Power Generation
- I.2.2 Gas Fired Power Generation
- I.2.3 Output from Renewables
J. Looking at the Period 2005-2007 - the First Phase
- J.1 Results based on Emission Levels
- J.2 Results based on Prices, Market Activity & their Impact
- J.3 EU-ETS & JI & CDM
K. Looking at the Multinational Character of the EU ETS
L. Issues in the Implementation of the ETS
- L.1 Tougher Stance on Emissions Cap
- L.2 Equalization amongst the National Allocation Plans
- L.3 Harmonizing with New Entrants
- L.4 Defining Combustion Installations
- L.5 Expanding the Coverage of ETS
M. Controversies Associated with the EU ETS
- M.1 Overview
- M.2 Windfall Profits
- M.3 Conceptual Issues
- M.4 Empirical Issues - Fuel Costs & Electricity Prices
- M.5 The Issue of Auctioning
- M.6 Controversy of Over Allocation
- M.7 Controversies in the Allocation Process
- M.8 Volatility in Prices
- M.9 Controversies Related to Linking
N. Future Perspective
O. Country-wise Analysis of the First Phase
- O.1 France
- O.2 Germany
- O.3 Italy
- O.4 Netherlands
- O.5 Poland
- O.6 Slovakia
- O.7 United Kingdom
P. Appendix
Q. Glossary of Terms
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