Major Reverse Osmosis System Components for Water Treatment: The Global Market

Table of Contents

Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION -- Complimentary 5

• STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 1
• REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 2
• INTENDED AUDIENCE 2
• SCOPE OF REPORT 3
• METHODOLOGY 3
• INFORMATION SOURCES 4
• RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 4
• BCC ONLINE SERVICES 4
• DISCLAIMER 5

Chapter-2: SUMMARY 4

• SUMMARY 6
• SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 7
• SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 8
• SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR WATER TREATMENT, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 9
• SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR WATER TREATMENT, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 9

Chapter-3: OVERVIEW OF THE WATER TREATMENT INDUSTRY 39

• IMPORTANCE OF CLEAN WATER 10
• SAFE DRINKING WATER STANDARDS 10
• Safe Drinking Water Standards (Continued) 11
• WATER ISSUES 12
• U.S. WATER INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS 13
• MEMBRANE TIMELINE 14
• GLOBAL WATER NEEDS 14
• TABLE 1 WORLD WATER WITHDRAWALS BY SECTOR, 2008 (%) 14
• FIGURE 1 WORLD WATER WITHDRAWALS BY SECTOR, 2008 (%) 15
• TABLE 2 WATER MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY NEEDS 15
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 16
• WHAT IS RO? 17
• RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS 18
• SEAWATER DESALINATION SYSTEMS 19
• RO PERFORMANCE 20
• TABLE 3 TYPICAL RO PERFORMANCE IN REMOVING CONTAMINANTS (%) 21
• COSTS 21
• OPERATING COSTS 22
• THE RISE AND FALL OF SEAWATER RO COSTS 23
• TABLE 4 SEAWATER DESALINATION, PLANT SIZE AND COST, 1991-2005 24
• FIGURE 2 SEAWATER DESALINATION, PLANT SIZE AND COST, 1991-2005 24
• COMPETITIVE PROCESSES 25
• TRENDS AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS 26
• RECENT COST REDUCTIONS 27
• The Affordable Desalination Collaboration 27
• MEMBRANE IMPROVEMENTS 27
• Lower Energy Elements 28
• Large Capacity Elements 28
• PRESSURE RECOVERY DEVICES 29
• CO-LOCATION OF SWRO AND POWER PLANTS 30
• ALTERNATIVE ENERGY OPTIONS 31
• Solar Power 31
• Wind Power 32
• TABLE 5 WIND-POWERED DESALINATION PLANTS BY LOCATION, 1998-2011 32
• TABLE 5 (CONTINUED) 33
• Nuclear Power 33
• Nuclear Desalination Projects 34
• Tidal Energy 35
• Hybrid RO/Thermal Plants 36
• BRINE DISPOSAL 36
• Alternative Brine Disposal Methods 37
• WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND REUSE 38
• NEWater 39
• Groundwater Replenishment System 39
• RESEARCH NEEDS 40
• TABLE 6 DESALINATION AND WATER PURIFICATION ROADMAP: NATIONAL NEEDS AND RECOMMENDED R&D 40
• TABLE 6 (CONTINUED) 41
• TABLE 6 (CONTINUED) 42
• GLOBAL CONSIDERATIONS AND RO MARKET STATUS 43
• TABLE 7 ESTIMATED GLOBAL RO DESALINATION CAPACITY BY REGION, 2008 43
• FIGURE 3 ESTIMATED GLOBAL RO DESALINATION CAPACITY BY REGION, 2008 (%) 43
• TABLE 8 COUNTRIES EVALUATED AND RO MARKET STATUS 44
• TABLE 9 VALUE OF RO SYSTEMS IN THE U.S. BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 45
• FIGURE 4 VALUE OF RO SYSTEMS IN THE U.S. BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 46
• TABLE 10 VALUE OF RO SYSTEMS IN THE REST OF THE WORLD BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 47
• FIGURE 5 VALUE OF RO SYSTEMS IN THE REST OF THE WORLD BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 47
• GLOBAL CONSIDERATIONS AND RO ... (CONTINUED) 48

Chapter-4: RO MEMBRANE MODULES 22

• MEMBRANE CHEMISTRY 49
• TABLE 11 GLOBAL VALUE OF RO MEMBRANES BY CHEMISTRY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 50
• FIGURE 6 GLOBAL VALUE OF RO MEMBRANES BY CHEMISTRY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 50
• THE CADOTTE PATENTS 51
• Primary Module Components 52
• Other Module Components 53
• Cleaning Thin-film Composite RO Membranes 54
• NF MEMBRANES 54
• TRENDS AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS 55
• NEW MEMBRANE MATERIALS 55
• Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposites 55
• CSIRO 55
• NanoH2O 56
• Carbon Nanotubes 56
• Aquaporins 57
• PRICING 57
• SECTOR STRUCTURE 58
• TABLE 12 RO MEMBRANE MODULE SECTOR STRUCTURE, 2008 ($ MILLIONS) 59
• COMPANY PROFILES 59
• DOW CHEMICAL CO. 59
• GE WATER TECHNOLOGIES 60
• HYDRANAUTICS/NITTO DENKO 61
• KOCH MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 62
• Koch Membrane Systems (Continued) 63
• PALL CORP. 64
• TRISEP 65
• TOYOBO CORP. 66
• TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC. 66
• WOONGJIN CHEMICAL 67
• VALUE MEMBRANE MODULES IN RO SYSTEMS 68
• TABLE 13 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR RO MEMBRANE MODULES, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 69
• FIGURE 7 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR RO MEMBRANE MODULES, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 69
• VALUE MEMBRANE MODULES IN ... (CONTINUED) 70

Chapter-5: PRESSURE VESSELS/HOUSINGS 10

• OVERVIEW 71
• ASME SPECIFICATIONS 72
• FRP AND STAINLESS STEEL 73
• PRICE 73
• SECTOR STRUCTURE 74
• TABLE 14 RO PRESSURE VESSELS SECTOR STRUCTURE, 2008 ($ MILLIONS) 75
• COMPANY PROFILES 75
• N.V. BEKAERT S.A. 75
• BEL COMPOSITES 76
• GE WATER TECHNOLOGIES 77
• PENTAIR, INC. 77
• Pentair, Inc. (Continued) 78
• VALUE PRESSURE VESSELS/HOUSINGS 79
• TABLE 15 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR PRESSURE VESSELS/HOUSINGS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 79
• FIGURE 8 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR PRESSURE VESSELS/HOUSINGS, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 79
• VALUE PRESSURE VESSELS/HOUSINGS (CONTINUED) 80

Chapter-6: CARTRIDGE PREFILTERS FOR RO SYSTEMS 18

• OVERVIEW 81
• OVERVIEW (CONTINUED) 82
• UF AND MF AS RO PRETREATMENT 83
• THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER PRETREATMENT 84
• TRENDS AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS 85
• SALES OF MEDIA AND MEMBRANE PREFILTER CARTRIDGES BY TYPE 85
• TABLE 16 GLOBAL VALUE OF MEMBRANE AND MEDIA CARTRIDGES FOR RO PRE-FILTRATION, BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 86
• FIGURE 9 GLOBAL VALUE OF MEMBRANE AND MEDIA CARTRIDGES FOR RO PRE-FILTRATION BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 86
• SECTOR STRUCTURE 87
• TABLE 17 RO PREFILTER SECTOR STRUCTURE, 2008 ($ MILLIONS) 88
• COMPANY PROFILES 88
• 3M 88
• ENTEGRIS, INC. 89
• GE WATER AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES 90
• INGE AG 91
• MEISSNER FILTRATION PRODUCTS, INC. 92
• MILLIPORE CORP. 92
• NORIT N.V. 93
• PALL CORP. 94
• PARKER HANNIFIN CORP. 94
• SIEMENS AG 95
• WOONGJIN CHEMICAL 96
• VALUE PREFILTER CARTRIDGES FOR RO 96
• TABLE 18 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR CARTRIDGE PREFILTERS FOR RO SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 97
• FIGURE 10 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR CARTRIDGES/PREFILTERS FOR RO SYSTEMS, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 98

Chapter-7: PUMPS FOR RO WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS 19

• OVERVIEW 99
• CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS 99
• PISTON/PLUNGER PUMPS 100
• BOOSTER PUMPS 101
• TRENDS AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS 101
• PUMP/ERD PACKAGES 102
• PRICE 103
• SECTOR STRUCTURE 103
• TABLE 19 RO PUMP SECTOR STRUCTURE, 2008 ($ MILLIONS) 104
• TABLE 19 (CONTINUED) 105
• COMPANY PROFILES 105
• AFTON PUMPS, INC. 105
• CAT PUMPS 106
• CLYDE PUMPS 106
• DANFOSS A/S RO SOLUTIONS 107
• DUCHTING PUMPS 107
• EBARA CORP. 108
• FLUID EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT CO. (FEDCO) 109
• FMC TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 109
• FYBROC PUMPS 110
• FLOWSERVE CORP. 110
• GRUNDFOS GROUP 111
• GE WATER & PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES 111
• INGETEAM CORP. 112
• ITT INDUSTRIES 112
• KSB GROUP 113
• PENTAIR, INC. 114
• PUMP ENGINEERING, INC. (PEI) 115
• SULZER CORP. 115
• TORISHIMA PUMP MANFACTURING CO., LTD. 116
• VALUE OF PUMPS FOR RO 116
• TABLE 20 GLOBAL ESTIMATED MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR RO PUMPS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 117
• FIGURE 11 GLOBAL ESTIMATED MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR RO PUMPS BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 117

Chapter-8: ANCILLARY COMPONENTS 10

• VALVES, GAUGES, COMPUTER CONTROLS, PIPING, RACKS, SWITCHES, SKIDS, HOSES, AND MANIFOLDS 118
• TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS 119
• GLOBAL DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS OF RO SYSTEMS 119
• TABLE 21 GLOBAL SUPPLIERS OF RO SYSTEMS 119
• TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) 120
• TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) 121
• TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) 122
• TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) 123
• TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) 124
• TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) 125
• SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR ANCILLARY COMPONENTS FOR RO SYSTEMS 125
• TABLE 22 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR ANCILLARY COMPONENTS OF RO SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 126
• FIGURE 12 GLOBAL SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR ANCILLARY COMPONENTS OF RO SYSTEMS, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 126
• VALUE FOR MAJOR RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN U.S. 127
• TABLE 23 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE U.S. AND CANADA BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 127
• FIGURE 13 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE U.S. AND CANADA BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 127

Chapter-9: MAJOR MARKETS FOR RO WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS IN THE U.S. 36

• TABLE 24 U.S. WATER WITHDRAWALS BY SECTOR (%) 128
• FIGURE 14 U.S. WATER WITHDRAWALS BY SECTOR (%) 128
• WATER NEEDS 129
• THE HEARTLAND 129
• FIGURE 15 POTENTIALLY USABLE WATER FROM U.S. SALINE AQUIFERS 130
• THE MID-ATLANTIC 130
• OIL, GAS, AND COAL BASINS 131
• INLAND URBAN AREAS 131
• COASTAL URBAN AREAS 132
• MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES 132
• PROPOSED PROJECTS 133
• TABLE 25 U.S. STATES WITH THE LARGEST INSTALLED DESALINATION CAPACITY, 2008 (MGD) 133
• TABLE 25 (CONTINUED) 134
• FIGURE 16 U.S. STATES WITH THE LARGEST INSTALLED DESALINATION CAPACITY, 2008 (MGD) 134
• ASCE REPORT 135
• HOUSEHOLD/RECREATIONAL APPLICATIONS 136
• BOTTLED WATER 137
• Global Consumption 138
• Bottled Water Treatment 138
• TABLE 26 COMPARISONS OF INTERNATIONAL DRINKING WATER AND BOTTLED WATER GUIDELINES 139
• Recreational Markets 139
• INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 139
• SEMICONDUCTOR/ELECTRONICS 140
• TABLE 27 REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER AT THE POINT OF DISTRIBUTION IN THE ELECTRONICS AND SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRIES 141
• TABLE 27 (CONTINUED) 142
• Ultrapure Water Treatment 142
• POWER PRODUCTION 143
• Zero Liquid Discharge 144
• MEDICAL/BIOTECHNOLOGY/PHARMACEUTICAL 144
• Compendial Water 145
• Hemodialysis Water 146
• MILITARY APPLICATIONS 146
• ROWPU 147
• RECENT ADVANCES 148
• LWP 148
• EUWP 148
• AGRICULTURAL/ENVIRONMENTAL 149
• AGRICULTURAL/ENVIRONMENTAL (CONTINUED) 150
• LEACHATE 151
• leachate (Continued) 152
• OIL AND GAS FIELD-PRODUCED WATER 153
• Oilfield Produced-Water Project 153
• Treating Produced Water from Coalbed Methane Extraction 154
• OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL 155
• MBR/RO 155
• Produced Wastewater from Remediation Activities 155
• AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS-RESTARTING THE YUMA DESALTER 156
• VALUE OF MAJOR RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE U.S. 157
• TABLE 28 VALUE OF MAJOR RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE U.S. BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 157
• FIGURE 17 VALUE OF MAJOR RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE U.S. BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 158
• POTABLE WATER 158
• INDUSTRIAL WATER 159
• Electric Power Production 160
• Semiconductor Manufacturing 161
• Pharmaceutical Industry 161
• Water Reuse 162
• OTHER 163

Chapter-10: PATENT SURVEY 5

• BY COMPANY 164
• TABLE 29 U.S. PATENT SURVEY BY COMPANY, JUNE 2004 -JUNE 2009 165
• FIGURE 18 U.S. PATENT SURVEY BY COMPANY, JUNE 2004 TO JUNE 2009 (%) 166
• BY APPLICATION 166
• TABLE 30 U.S. PATENT SURVEY BY APPLICATION, JUNE 2004-JUNE 2009 167
• FIGURE 19 U.S. PATENT SURVEY BY APPLICATION, JUNE 2004-JUNE 2009 (%) 168

Chapter-11: INTERNATIONAL REVERSE OSMOSIS MARKET OUTLOOK 132

• OVERVIEW 169
• FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN WATER PROGRAMS 170
• ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN WATER MANAGEMENT 171
• GLOBAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION ASSESSMENT 171
• DRINKING WATER 172
• SANITATION 172
• MARKET VALUE RO SYSTEMS BY GLOBAL REGION 173
• TABLE 31 VALUE OF RO SYSTEMS BY GLOBAL REGION, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 173
• FIGURE 20 VALUE OF RO SYSTEMS BY GLOBAL REGION, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 174
• IMPACT OF THE GLOBALIZED ECONOMY 174
• Impact of the Globalized Economy (Continued) 175
• REGIONAL AND COUNTRY ANALYSES 176
• EUROPE 177
• GENERAL ECONOMIC TRENDS 177
• DEMOGRAPHICS 177
• WATER NEEDS 178
• TABLE 32 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN EUROPE BY SECTOR (%) 179
• FIGURE 21 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN WESTERN EUROPE BY SECTOR (%) 179
• FIGURE 22 AVAILABLE WATER, WATER WITHDRAWALS, AND POPULATION GROWTH, SELECTED EUROPEAN NATIONS (WATER PER CAPITA (M3 ANNUALLY)) 180
• FIGURE 22 (CONTINUED) 181
• SELECTED COUNTRY PROFILES 181
• Belgium 181
• Current Economic Trends 181
• Demographics 182
• Economy 182
• Water Needs 183
• France 184
• Current Economic Trends 184
• Demographics 185
• Economy 185
• Water Needs 186
• Germany 187
• Current Economic Trends 187
• Demographics 187
• Economy 187
• Water Needs 188
• Water Needs (Continued) 189
• Spain 190
• Current Economic Trends 190
• Demographics 190
• Economy 190
• Water Needs 191
• United Kingdom 192
• Current Economic Trends 193
• Demographics 193
• Economy 193
• Water Needs 194
• Poland 195
• Current Economic Trends 195
• Demographics 196
• Economy 196
• Water Needs 197
• VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS EUROPE BY TYPE 198
• TABLE 33 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN EUROPE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 198
• FIGURE 23 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN EUROPE BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 199
• VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN EUROPE BY MARKET SECTOR 199
• MUNICIPAL WATER 200
• INDUSTRIAL WATER 200
• Electric Power Production 201
• Semiconductor Manufacturing 201
• Pharmaceutical Industry 202
• Water Reuse 202
• OTHER 203
• TABLE 34 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN EUROPE BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 203
• FIGURE 24 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN EUROPE BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 204
• MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA 204
• FIGURE 25 AVAILABLE WATER, WATER WITHDRAWALS AND POPULATION GROWTH, SELECTED MIDDLE EASTERN/AFRICAN NATIONS (WATER PER CAPITA (M3 ANNUALLY)) 205
• TABLE 35 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN THE MIDDLE EAST BY SECTOR (%) 206
• FIGURE 26 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN THE MIDDLE EAST BY SECTOR (%) 206
• MIDDLE EAST 207
• Selected Country Profiles 207
• Bahrain 207
• Current Economic Trends 207
• Demographics 208
• Economy 208
• Water Needs 209
• Kuwait 209
• Current Economic Trends 209
• Demographics 210
• Economy 210
• Water Needs 211
• Egypt 211
• Current Economic Trends 211
• Demographics 212
• Economy 212
• Water Needs 213
• Israel 214
• Current Economic Trends 214
• Demographics 214
• Economy 214
• Water Needs 215
• Saudi Arabia 216
• Current Economic Trends 216
• Demographics 217
• Economy 218
• Water Needs 218
• United Arab Emirates 219
• Current Economic Trends 219
• Demographics 220
• Economy 221
• Water Needs 221
• AFRICA 222
• TABLE 36 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN AFRICA BY SECTOR (%) 222
• FIGURE 27 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN AFRICA BY SECTOR (%) 223
• Selected Country Profiles 223
• Ghana 223
• Current Economic Trends 223
• Demographics 224
• Economy 224
• Water Needs 225
• South Africa 226
• Current Economic Trends 226
• Demographics 226
• Economy 227
• Water Needs 227
• VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS ME/AFRICA BY TYPE 228
• TABLE 37 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 229
• FIGURE 28 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 229
• VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA BY MARKET SECTOR 230
• TABLE 38 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 231
• FIGURE 29 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 232
• ASIA-PACIFIC 232
• TABLE 39 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN AUSTRALIA BY SECTOR (%) 232
• FIGURE 30 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN AUSTRALIA BY SECTOR (%) 233
• ASIA-PACIFIC 233
• TABLE 40 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN ASIA BY SECTOR (%) 233
• FIGURE 31 WATER WITHDRAWALS IN ASIA BY SECTOR (%) 234
• FIGURE 32 AVAILABLE WATER, WATER WITHDRAWALS AND POPULATION GROWTH, SELECTED ASIA-PACIFIC NATIONS (WATER PER CAPITA (M3 ANNUALLY)) 235
• FIGURE 32 (CONTINUED) 236
• Selected Country Profiles 236
• Australia 236
• Current Economic Trends 236
• Demographics 237
• Economy 237
• Water Needs 237
• Water Needs (Continued) 238
• Water Needs (Continued) 239
• China 239
• Current Economic Trends 239
• Demographics 240
• Economy 241
• Water Needs 241
• Water Needs (Continued) 242
• Water Needs (Continued) 243
• India 244
• Current Economic Trends 244
• Demographics 244
• Economy 245
• Water Needs 245
• Water Needs (Continued) 246
• Indonesia 247
• Current Economic Trends 247
• Demographics 248
• Economy 248
• Water Needs 248
• Japan 249
• Current Economic Trends 249
• Demographics 250
• Economy 251
• Water Needs 251
• Water Needs (Continued) 252
• South Korea 253
• Current Economic Trends 253
• Demographics 254
• Economy 254
• Water Needs 255
• Philippines 256
• Current Economic Trends 256
• Demographics 257
• Economy 257
• Water Needs 257
• Water Needs (Continued) 258
• Thailand 259
• Current Economic Trends 259
• Demographics 259
• Economy 260
• Water Needs 260
• VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS ASIA-PACIFIC BY TYPE 261
• TABLE 41 VALUE OF RO COMPONENTS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 262
• FIGURE 33 VALUE OF RO COMPONENTS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 262
• VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS ASIA-PACIFIC BY MARKET SECTOR 263
• POTABLE WATER 263
• INDUSTRIAL WATER 264
• Electric Power Production 264
• Semiconductor Manufacturing 265
• Pharmaceutical Industry 265
• Water Reuse 265
• TABLE 42 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 266
• FIGURE 34 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 267
• CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA 267
• FIGURE 35 AVAILABLE WATER, WATER WITHDRAWALS AND POPULATION GROWTH, SELECTED CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS (WATER PER CAPITA (M3 ANNUALLY)) 268
• TABLE 43 WATER WITHDRAWALS FOR THE CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA BY SECTOR (%) 268
• FIGURE 36 WATER WITHDRAWALS FOR THE CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA, BY SECTOR (%) 269
• CARIBBEAN 269
• Selected Country Profiles 269
• Bahamas 270
• Current Economic Trends 270
• Demographics 270
• Economy 271
• Water Needs 271
• Jamaica 272
• Current Economic Trends 272
• Demographics 273
• Economy 273
• Water Needs 273
• Water Needs (Continued) 274
• LATIN AMERICA 275
• Selected Country Profiles 275
• Argentina 276
• Current Economic Trends 276
• Demographics 276
• Economy 277
• Water Needs 277
• Brazil 278
• Current Economic Trends 278
• Demographics 279
• Economy 279
• Water Needs 280
• Ecuador 281
• Current Economic Trends 281
• Demographics 281
• Economy 282
• Water Needs 282
• Mexico 283
• Current Economic Trends 283
• Demographics 284
• Economy 284
• Water Needs 284
• Water Needs (Continued) 285
• VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA BY TYPE 286
• TABLE 44 VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 286
• FIGURE 37 VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA, BY TYPE, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 287
• VALUE RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA BY MARKET SECTOR 287
• Value RO System Components...(Continued) 288
• TABLE 45 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA BY MARKET SECTOR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 289
• FIGURE 38 VALUE OF RO SYSTEM COMPONENTS CARIBBEAN/LATIN AMERICA BY MARKET SECTOR, 1990 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 289
• APPENDIX 291
• TABLE 46 PATENT SURVEY (JUNE 3, 2004 TO JUNE 2, 2009) 291
• TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 292
• TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 293
• TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 294
• TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 295
• TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 296
• TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 297
• TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 298
• TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 299
• TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 300