Report: World Markets for Citric, Ascorbic, Isoascorbic Acids: Highlighting Antioxidants in Food TOC

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
STUDY FOCUS
CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY
SCOPE AND FORMAT
METHODOLOGIES
INFORMATION SOURCES
ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS
RELATED BCC REPORTS
BCC ON-LINE SERVICES

SUMMARY

Summary Table:
GLOBAL MARKET VALUES OF ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Summary Figure:
GLOBAL MARKET VALUES OF ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID, 2001 AND 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

OVERVIEW

Table 1. GLOBAL MARKET VALUES FOR ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 2. MARKET VALUE FORECAST OF ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID BY APPLICATION SEGMENT, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 1. MARKET VALUE FOR ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID BY APPLICATION SEGMENT, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 3. MARKET VALUE FORECAST FOR ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 2. MARKET VALUE FORECAST FOR ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR ISOASCORBIC ACID

BACKGROUND
PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Table 4. ERYTHORBIC ACID DATA SHEET
Table 5. SODIUM ERYTHORBATE DATA SHEET

APPLICATIONS
ANTIOXIDANT FUNCTION
REDUCING FUNCTION
REACTION WITH PEROXIDE
REACTIONS WITH METAL IONS

Table 6. COMPARISON OF THE COMPOSITION OF DEVELOPERS FOR GRAPHIC ART WITH AND WITHOUT SODIUM ERYTHORBATE

REACTION WITH AMINES AND OTHER TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS

Table 7. FURTHER POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR ERYTHORBIC ACIDS AND INTENDED EFFECTS

THE USE OF ERYTHORBIC ACID IN MEAT CURING

EUROPE

Table 8. STRUCTURE OF THE PROCESSED MEAT MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE IN THE EU, 2001 (%)
Table 9. CONSUMPTION OF SAUSAGES, BACON AND HAM IN THE EU, THROUGH 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 3. SAUSAGE, HAM AND BACON CONSUMPTION IN THE EU, 1987-2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 10. HAM, BACON AND SAUSAGE CONSUMPTION BY EU COUNTRY, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 4. HAM, BACON AND SAUSAGE CONSUMPTION BY EU COUNTRY, 2001 (%)

EASTERN EUROPE
MARKET POTENTIALS
OUTSIDE EUROPE

Table 11. HAM, BACON AND SAUSAGE CONSUMPTION IN THE U.S., ASIA AND THE REST OF THE WORLD, 2001

GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Figure 5. FLOW CHART OF THE TWO DIFFERENT PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ERYTHORBIC ACID

DIRECT FERMENTATION PROCESS

Table 12. MEDIA REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DIRECT FERMENTATION PROCESS OF ERYTHORBIC ACID

PRODUCTION ECONOMICS

Table 13. ESTIMATED PRODUCTION COSTS FOR DIRECT FERMENTATION OF ERYTHORBIC ACID, 2000-2001
Figure 6. ESTIMATED PRODUCTION COSTS FOR DIRECT FERMENTATION OF ERYTHORBIC ACID, 2000-2001 (%)

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF 2-KETO-GLUCONIC ACID

Table 14. MEDIA REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF 2-KETO-GLUCONIC ACID BY SERRATIA MARCESCENS

PRODUCTION ECONOMICS

Table 15. ESTIMATED PRODUCTION COSTS FOR 2-KETO-GLUCONIC ACID FERMENTATION AND CONVERSION TO ERYTHORBIC ACID, 2001

PRICE DEVELOPMENTS

Table 16. PRICE DEVELOPMENTS OF ERYTHORBIC ACID AND SODIUM ERYTHORBATE, 1981-2001 ($/KG)
Figure 7. PRICE DEVELOPMENTS OF ERYTHORBIC ACID AND SODIUM ERYTHORBATE, INCLUDING POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATIONS, 1981-2001 ($/KG)

MARKET DEVELOPMENTS
SALES TO THE FOOD SEGMENT

Table 17. ERYTHORBIC ACID SALES FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS BY REGION, THROUGH 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 8. ERYTHORBIC ACID SALES FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS BY REGION, 1985-2001 (THOUSAND TONS)

EUROPE

Table 18. SALES OF ERYTHORBIC ACID IN SELECTED EU COUNTRIES FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS, 2001

SALES IN OTHER SEGMENTS

Table 19. SALES OF ERYTHORBIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001
Figure 9. SALES OF ERYTHORBIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001 (%)

CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND

Table 20. GLOBAL MARKET FOR ERYTHORBIC ACID, THROUGH 2007
Table 21. GLOBAL MARKET VALUE OF ERYTHORBIC ACID BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 10. MARKET VALUE OF ERYTHORBIC ACID BY REGION, THROUGH 2007, ($ MILLIONS)

THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR ASCORBIC ACID

BACKGROUND
PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
ASCORBIC ACID

Table 22. ASCORBIC ACID DATA SHEET

CALCIUM ASCORBATE

Table 23. CALCIUM ASCORBATE DATA SHEET

SODIUM ASCORBATE

Table 24. SODIUM ASCORBATE DATA SHEET
Table 25. ASCORBIC ACID POLYPHOSPHATE DATA SHEET

ASCORBYL PALMITATE

Table 26. ASCORBYL PALMITATE DATA SHEET

TOXICITY

Table 27. OVERVIEW OF TOXICOLOGICAL DATA OF VARIOUS ASCORBIC ACID FORMS

PRINCIPAL SOURCES IN NATURE

Table 28 OVERVIEW OF VITAMIN C CONCENTRATIONS IN VARIOUS FRUITS, VEGETableS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS

DEGRADATION

Table 29. VITAMIN C LOSSES IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES UNDER STORAGE
Table 30. VITAMIN C LOSSES IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES DURING PROCESSING

APPLICATIONS
METABOLISM

RELEVANCE IN HUMANS

PHYSICAL HEALTH
MENTAL HEALTH
CANCER
HUMAN VITAMIN C REQUIREMENTS

Table 31. TYPICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VITAMIN C IN HUMANS
Table 32. INCREASED DEMAND OF VITAMIN C IN HUMANS UNDER SPECIAL CONDITIONS

PHARMACEUTICAL AND OTC APPLICATIONS

Table 33. EXAMPLES OF SUPPLEMENT PRODUCTS CONTAINING VITAMIN C

ANIMAL RELEVANCE AND FEED APPLICATIONS

Table 34. RECOMMENDED VITAMIN C ENRICHMENTS OF COMPOUND FEED FOR FARM ANIMALS

COSMETICS APPLICATIONS
FOOD APPLICATIONS

FOOD ENRICHMENT

Table 35. VITAMIN C ENRICHED FOOD PRODUCTS

ANTIOXIDANT ADDITIVES

Table 36. VITAMIN C ADDITIONS TO FOOD PRODUCTS AND ITS FUNCTIONS AS AN ANTIOXIDANT

GOVERNMENT REGULATION
PRODUCTION PROCESSES
FERMENTATION-CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS METHOD

Figure 11. FLOW-CHART OF THE REICHSTEIN PROCESS

PRODUCTION ECONOMICS

Table 37. PRODUCTION COSTS FOR VITAMIN C BASED ON THE REICHSTEIN PROCESS
Figure 12. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF COST POSITIONS IN THE PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN C ACCORDING TO REICHSTEIN PROCESS (%)

TWO-STAGE FERMENTATION PROCESS

Figure 13. FLOW-CHART OF THE TWO-STAGE FERMENTATION PROCESS

PRODUCTION ECONOMICS

MODIFIED PRODUCTION PROCESSES
PRICE DEVELOPMENTS
BACKGROUND
MARKET ENTRY OF CHINA

PRICE TRENDS

Table 38. PRICE DEVELOPMENT OF ASCORBIC ACID PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2001 ($/KG)
Figure 14. PRICE DEVELOPMENT OF ASCORBIC ACID PRODUCTS AND POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATION, 1991-2001 ($/KG)

COMPETITIVENESS

MARKET DEVELOPMENTS
GLOBAL CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION

Table 39. GLOBAL ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 15. GLOBAL ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, 1991-2001 (THOUSAND TONS)

FOOD

Table 40. GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN FOODS BY FUNCTION, 2001
Figure 16. GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN FOODS BY FUNCTION, 2001 (%)

FEED

Table 41. GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN FEED, 2001
Figure 17 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN FEED, 2001 (%)

PHARMACEUTICAL, SUPPLEMENT, OTC PRODUCTS

Table 42. GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN PHARMACEUTICAL, SUPPLEMENT AND OTC PRODUCTS, 2001
Figure 18. GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN PHARMACEUTICALS AND SUPPLEMENTS, 2001 (%)

COSMETICS

Table 43. GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN COSMETICS, 2001

PRODUCT FORMS AND FORMULATIONS

Table 44. USE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY FORM, THROUGH 1995 AND 2001 (%)
Figure 19. USE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY FORM, 1995 AND 2001 (%)

MARKETS BY REGION

Table 45. CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID BY REGION, 2001
Figure 20. TOTAL ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION BY REGION, 2001 (%)

FOOD

Table 46. CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN FOOD BY REGION, 2001

PHARMACEUTICALS AND SUPPLEMENTS

Table 47. CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN PHARMACEUTICAL AND SUPPLEMENT APPLICATIONS BY REGION, 2001

FEED

Table 48. CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN FEED BY REGION, 2001

COSMETICS

Table 49. CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN COSMETICS BY REGION, 2001

DEVELOPMENT OF MARKET VALUE

Table 50. STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID, THROUGH 2001
Table 51. MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY REGION, 2001
Figure 21. MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 52. TOTAL MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001
Figure 22. TOTAL MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)

CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND

FUTURE DEMAND IN THE FOOD SECTOR

Table 53. ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN FOOD, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 23. ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN FOOD, 2001 AND 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)

FUTURE DEMAND IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR

FUTURE DEMAND IN PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR (CONT.)

Table 54. ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN THE SUPPLEMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)

FUTURE DEMAND IN FEED APPLICATIONS

Table 55. ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN THE FEED MARKET, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)

FUTURE DEMAND IN COSMETIC APPLICATIONS
FUTURE DEMAND FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS
OVERALL VOLUME DEVELOPMENT

Table 56. DEMAND FOR ASCORBIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001-2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 57. DEMAND FOR ASCORBIC ACID BY REGION, 2001-2007 (THOUSAND TONS)

PRICE DEVELOPMENTS
RAW MATERIALS
ECONOMIES OF SCALE
DEPRECIATION COSTS
LABOR COSTS

Table 58. EXPECTED PRICE DEVELOPMENTS FOR ASCORBIC ACID, THROUGH 2007 ($/KG)

MARKET VALUE DEVELOPMENT BY REGION

Table 59. MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY REGION, THROUGH
2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 24. MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 AND 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR CITRIC ACID

BACKGROUND
PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Table 60. CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE DATA SHEET
Table 61. CITRIC ACID ANHYDRATE DATA SHEET
Table 62. TRI-SODIUM-CITRATE DATA SHEET

PRODUCTION PROCESSES
PROCESS DESCRIPTION

Table 63. MAJOR RAW MATERIALS IN THE PRODUCTION OF CRYSTALLINE CITRIC ACID BASED ON MOLASSES (1 TON)

THE LURGI PROCESS

Table 64. TYPICAL PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL CONSUMPTION DATA FOR THE LURGI PROCESS OF CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION (1 TON CITRIC ACID ANHYDRATE)

PRODUCTION ECONOMICS

Table 65. PRODUCTION COSTS OF CITRIC ACID, 2000 ($/TON) 1)
Figure 25. TOTAL PRODUCTION COSTS OF CITRIC ACID (PAN SYSTEM) (%)

CHINA PRODUCTION COSTS
WESTERN PRODUCTION COSTS

PRICE DEVELOPMENTS

Table 66. DEVELOPMENT OF CITRIC ACID ANHYDRATE PRICES, THROUGH 2001 ($/KG)
Figure 26. PRICE DEVELOPMENT OF CITRIC ACID ANHYDRATE AND POLYNOMIAL TREND LINE, 1985-2001 ($/KG)

CHINA VERSUS THE WEST

Table 67. PRICES OF CITRIC ACID BY FORM, 2001 ($/KG)

MARKET DEVELOPMENTS
BACKGROUND

Table 68. GLOBAL CITRIC ACID CONSUMPTION, 1983 THROUGH 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)

MARKET DEVELOPMENTS BY APPLICATION

Table 69. CITRIC ACID CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 27. CITRIC ACID CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, 2001 (%)

CONSUMPTION IN FOOD

BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS

Table 70. RECIPE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ORANGE LEMONADE
Table 71. RECIPE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LEMON LEMONADE PREMIX
Table 72. STANDARD CITRIC ACID ADDITIONS IN VARIOUS BEVERAGES

FRUIT AND VEGETABLE APPLICATIONS

Table 73. CITRIC ACID NEEDED TO OBTAIN DESIRED PH IN CANNED VEGETABLES (% OF WEIGHT)

ALL FOOD APPLICATIONS

Table 74. CITRIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN FOOD BY APPLICATION, 2001 (THOUSANDS TONS)
Figure 28. CITRIC ACID USE IN FOOD BY APPLICATION, 2001 (%)

GEOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN

Table 75. CITRIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN FOOD BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 29. CITRIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN FOOD BY REGION, 2001 (%)

CONSUMPTION IN FEED

Table 76. USAGE OF CITRIC ACID IN FEED BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)

CONSUMPTION IN PHARMACEUTICAL AND OTC APPLICATIONS

Table 77. USAGE OF CITRIC ACID IN PHARMACEUTICALS AND OTC PRODUCTS BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)

CONSUMPTION IN COSMETIC APPLICATIONS

Table 78. USAGE OF CITRIC ACID IN COSMETIC PRODUCTION BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)

CONSUMPTION FOR DETERGENTS AND CLEANERS

Table 79. TYPICAL WASHING POWDER RECIPE
Table 80. USE OF CITRATES BY TYPE OF DETERGENT IN WESTERN EUROPE, THROUGH 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 30. USE OF CITRATES BY TYPE OF DETERGENT IN WESTERN EUROPE, 1990 AND 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 81. CONSUMPTION OF CITRATES IN DETERGENTS BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 31. CONSUMPTION OF CITRATES IN DETERGENTS BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)

CONSUMPTION FOR TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS

Table 82. CITRIC ACID IN TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)

OVERALL CITRIC ACID CONSUMPTION BY REGION

Table 83. OVERALL CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 32. TOTAL CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)

FORMULATIONS USED

Table 84. PRODUCT FORMS OF CITRIC ACID AND THEIR RELEVANCE IN VARIOUS APPLICATIONS, 2001

DEVELOPMENT OF MARKET VALUE

Table 85. GLOBAL MARKET VALUE OF CITRIC ACID, THROUGH 2001
Table 86. MARKET VALUE OF CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 33. MARKET VALUE OF CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 87. MARKET VALUE OF CITRIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 34. MARKET VALUE OF CITRIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001 (%)

CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND

FUTURE DEMAND IN THE FOOD SECTOR

Table 88. CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID IN THE FOOD SECTOR BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 35. CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID IN THE FOOD SECTOR BY REGION, 2001 AND 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 89. CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID IN FOODS BY CATEGORY, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)

FUTURE DEMAND IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR
FUTURE DEMAND IN THE FEED SECTOR
FUTURE DEMAND IN THE COSMETICS SECTOR
FUTURE DEMAND FOR DETERGENT APPLICATIONS

Table 90. CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID IN DETERGENTS BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 91. CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID BY APPLICATION SEGMENT, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 36. CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001 AND 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 92. OVERALL CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 37. OVERALL CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 AND 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)

FUTURE PRICE DEVELOPMENTS
DEVELOPMENT OF MARKET VALUE

Table 93. GLOBAL MARKET VALUE OF CITRIC ACID, THROUGH 2007

COMPANY PROFILES AND STRATEGIES

ASCORBIC ACID
MARKET SHARES

Table 94. MARKET SHARES FOR VITAMIN C, 1985-2001 (% OF TOTAL)
Figure 38. MARKET SHARES OF MAJOR COMPANIES FOR VITAMIN C, 2001 (%)
Table 95. PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN C BY CHINESE COMPANIES, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 39. PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN C BY MAJOR CHINESE COMPANIES, 2001 (%)

COMPANY STRATEGIES

COMPANY STRATEGIES (CONTINUED)
COMPANY STRATEGIES (CONTINUED)

PROFILES OF NONWESTERN VITAMIN C PRODUCERS

INDIAN COMPANIES

AMBALAL SARABHAI ENTERPRISES LTD., BARODA
JAYANT VITAMINS

CHINESE COMPANIES

HENAN ZHONGYUAN PHARMACEUTICAL FACTORY
ALAND-SIANGSU JIANGSHAN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY
CHINA PHARMACEUTICAL ENTERPRISE AND INVESTMENT CORPORATION LTD.
ANHUI STONE PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., BENGBU
WEISHENG PHARMACEUTICAL CO. LTD.
CHINA SHIJIAZHUANG PHARMACEUTICAL GROUP
SHANGHAI SUNVE PHARMACEUTICAL CO. LTD.
ZHONGGUO PHARMACEUTICAL GROUP
NORTHEAST PHARMACEUTICAL GROUP COMPANY (NEPG)
HEBEI WELCOME PHARMACEUTICAL CO. LTD.

WESTERN PRODUCERS

F. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE
BASF

ERYTHORBIC ACID
MARKET SHARES

Table 96. CHINESE ERYTHORBIC ACID PRODUCERS, 1993 (TONS)
Table 97. CHINESE ERYTHORBIC ACID PRODUCERS, 2001 (TONS)
Figure 40. MARKET SHARES OF MAJOR ISOASCORBIC ACID PRODUCERS, 2001 (%)

COMPANY STRATEGIES

COMPANY STRATEGIES (CONTINUED)

COMPANY PROFILES

ROQUETTE
FUJISAWA PHARMACEUTICAL CO.
X'IAN PHARMACEUTICAL CO. LTD

CITRIC ACID
MARKET SHARES

Table 98. MARKET SHARES FOR CITRIC ACID, 1986-2001
Figure 41. MARKET SHARES OF MAJOR PRODUCER OF CITRIC ACID, 2001 (%)
Table 99. PRODUCTION OF CITRIC ACID BY MINOR PRODUCERS, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 100. CITRIC ACID PRODUCERS IN CHINA, 2001 (TONS)
Table 100 (CONTINUED)
Table 100 (CONTINUED)
Table 101. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF THE 10 LEADING CITRIC ACID PRODUCERS IN CHINA, 2001 (%)

COMPANY STRATEGIES
COMPANY PROFILES

WESTERN COMPANIES

ROCHE
ADM
CARGILL
JUNGBUNZLAUER
TATE & LYLE

CHINESE AND OTHER COMPANIES

BUDI ACID JAYA
GADOT
SORINI CORPORATION
BIOCHEMICAL GROUP BENGBU
ROCHE ZHONGAYA (WUXI) CITRIC ACID LTD.

LIST OF TABLES

Summary Table:
GLOBAL MARKET VALUES OF ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 1 GLOBAL MARKET VALUES FOR ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 2 MARKET VALUE FORECAST OF ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID BY APPLICATION SEGMENT, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 3 MARKET VALUE FORECAST FOR ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 4 ERYTHORBIC ACID DATA SHEET
Table 5 SODIUM ERYTHORBATE DATA SHEET
Table 6 COMPARISON OF THE COMPOSITION OF DEVELOPERS FOR GRAPHIC ART WITH AND WITHOUT SODIUM ERYTHORBATE
Table 7 FURTHER POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR ERYTHORBIC ACIDS AND INTENDED EFFECTS
Table 8 STRUCTURE OF THE PROCESSED MEAT MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE IN THE EU, 2001 (%)
Table 9 CONSUMPTION OF SAUSAGES, BACON AND HAM IN THE EU, THROUGH 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 10 HAM, BACON AND SAUSAGE CONSUMPTION BY EU COUNTRY, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 11 HAM, BACON AND SAUSAGE CONSUMPTION IN THE U.S., ASIA AND THE REST OF THE WORLD, 2001
Table 12 MEDIA REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DIRECT FERMENTATION PROCESS OF ERYTHORBIC ACID
Table 13 ESTIMATED PRODUCTION COSTS FOR DIRECT FERMENTATION OF ERYTHORBIC ACID, 2000-2001
Table 14 MEDIA REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF 2-KETO-GLUCONIC ACID BY SERRATIA MARCESCENS
Table 15 ESTIMATED PRODUCTION COSTS FOR 2-KETO-GLUCONIC ACID FERMENTATION AND CONVERSION TO ERYTHORBIC ACID, 2001
Table 16 PRICE DEVELOPMENTS OF ERYTHORBIC ACID AND SODIUM ERYTHORBATE, 1981-2001 ($/KG)
Table 17 ERYTHORBIC ACID SALES FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS BY REGION, THROUGH 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 18 SALES OF ERYTHORBIC ACID IN SELECTED EU COUNTRIES FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS, 2001
Table 19 SALES OF ERYTHORBIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001
Table 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ERYTHORBIC ACID, THROUGH 2007
Table 21 GLOBAL MARKET VALUE OF ERYTHORBIC ACID BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 22 ASCORBIC ACID DATA SHEET
Table 23 CALCIUM ASCORBATE DATA SHEET
Table 24 SODIUM ASCORBATE DATA SHEET
Table 25 ASCORBIC ACID POLYPHOSPHATE DATA SHEET
Table 26 ASCORBYL PALMITATE DATA SHEET
Table 27 OVERVIEW OF TOXICOLOGICAL DATA OF VARIOUS ASCORBIC ACID FORMS
Table 28 OVERVIEW OF VITAMIN C CONCENTRATIONS IN VARIOUS FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS
Table 29 VITAMIN C LOSSES IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES UNDER STORAGE
Table 30 VITAMIN C LOSSES IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES DURING PROCESSING
Table 31 TYPICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VITAMIN C IN HUMANS
Table 32 INCREASED DEMAND OF VITAMIN C IN HUMANS UNDER SPECIAL CONDITIONS
Table 33 EXAMPLES OF SUPPLEMENT PRODUCTS CONTAINING VITAMIN C
Table 34 RECOMMENDED VITAMIN C ENRICHMENTS OF COMPOUND FEED FOR FARM ANIMALS
Table 35 VITAMIN C ENRICHED FOOD PRODUCTS
Table 36 VITAMIN C ADDITIONS TO FOOD PRODUCTS AND ITS FUNCTIONS AS AN ANTIOXIDANT
Table 37 PRODUCTION COSTS FOR VITAMIN C BASED ON THE REICHSTEIN PROCESS
Table 38 PRICE DEVELOPMENT OF ASCORBIC ACID PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2001 ($/KG)
Table 39 GLOBAL ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 40 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN FOODS BY FUNCTION, 2001
Table 41 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN FEED, 2001
Table 42 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN PHARMACEUTICAL, SUPPLEMENT AND OTC PRODUCTS, 2001
Table 43 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN COSMETICS, 2001
Table 44 USE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY FORM, THROUGH 1995 AND 2001 (%)
Table 45 CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID BY REGION, 2001
Table 46 CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN FOOD BY REGION, 2001
Table 47 CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN PHARMACEUTICAL AND SUPPLEMENT APPLICATIONS BY REGION, 2001
Table 48 CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN FEED BY REGION, 2001
Table 49 CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN COSMETICS BY REGION, 2001
Table 50 STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID, THROUGH 2001
Table 51 MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY REGION, 2001
Table 52 TOTAL MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001
Table 53 ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN FOOD, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 54 ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN THE SUPPLEMENT MARKET, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 55 ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN THE FEED MARKET, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 56 DEMAND FOR ASCORBIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001-2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 57 DEMAND FOR ASCORBIC ACID BY REGION, 2001-2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 58 EXPECTED PRICE DEVELOPMENTS FOR ASCORBIC ACID, THROUGH 2007 ($/KG)
Table 59 MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 60 CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE DATA SHEET
Table 61 CITRIC ACID ANHYDRATE DATA SHEET
Table 62 TRI-SODIUM-CITRATE DATA SHEET
Table 63 MAJOR RAW MATERIALS IN THE PRODUCTION OF CRYSTALLINE CITRIC ACID BASED ON MOLASSES (1 TON)
Table 64 TYPICAL PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL CONSUMPTION DATA FOR THE LURGI PROCESS OF CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION (1 TON CITRIC ACID ANHYDRATE)
Table 65 PRODUCTION COSTS OF CITRIC ACID, 2000 ($/TON) 1)
Table 66 DEVELOPMENT OF CITRIC ACID ANHYDRATE PRICES, THROUGH 2001 ($/KG)
Table 67 PRICES OF CITRIC ACID BY FORM, 2001 ($/KG)
Table 68 GLOBAL CITRIC ACID CONSUMPTION, 1983 THROUGH 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 69 CITRIC ACID CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 70 RECIPE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ORANGE LEMONADE
Table 71 RECIPE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LEMON LEMONADE PREMIX
Table 72 STANDARD CITRIC ACID ADDITIONS IN VARIOUS BEVERAGES
Table 73 CITRIC ACID NEEDED TO OBTAIN DESIRED PH IN CANNED VEGETABLES (% OF WEIGHT)
Table 74 CITRIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN FOOD BY APPLICATION, 2001 (THOUSANDS TONS)
Table 75 CITRIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN FOOD BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 76 USAGE OF CITRIC ACID IN FEED BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 77 USAGE OF CITRIC ACID IN PHARMACEUTICALS AND OTC PRODUCTS BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 78 USAGE OF CITRIC ACID IN COSMETIC PRODUCTION BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 79 TYPICAL WASHING POWDER RECIPE
Table 80 USE OF CITRATES BY TYPE OF DETERGENT IN WESTERN EUROPE, THROUGH 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 81 CONSUMPTION OF CITRATES IN DETERGENTS BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 82 CITRIC ACID IN TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 83 OVERALL CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 84 PRODUCT FORMS OF CITRIC ACID AND THEIR RELEVANCE IN VARIOUS APPLICATIONS, 2001
Table 85 GLOBAL MARKET VALUE OF CITRIC ACID, THROUGH 2001
Table 86 MARKET VALUE OF CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 87 MARKET VALUE OF CITRIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 88 CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID IN THE FOOD SECTOR BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 89 CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID IN FOODS BY CATEGORY, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 90 CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID IN DETERGENTS BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 91 CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID BY APPLICATION SEGMENT, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 92 OVERALL CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID BY REGION, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 93 GLOBAL MARKET VALUE OF CITRIC ACID, THROUGH 2007
Table 94 MARKET SHARES FOR VITAMIN C, 1985-2001 (% OF TOTAL)
Table 95 PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN C BY CHINESE COMPANIES, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 96 CHINESE ERYTHORBIC ACID PRODUCERS, 1993 (TONS)
Table 97 CHINESE ERYTHORBIC ACID PRODUCERS, 2001 (TONS)
Table 98 MARKET SHARES FOR CITRIC ACID, 1986-2001
Table 99 PRODUCTION OF CITRIC ACID BY MINOR PRODUCERS, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Table 100 CITRIC ACID PRODUCERS IN CHINA, 2001 (TONS)
Table 101 RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF THE 10 LEADING CITRIC ACID PRODUCERS IN CHINA, 2001 (%)

LIST OF FIGURES

Summary Figure:
GLOBAL MARKET VALUES OF ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID, 2001 AND 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 1 MARKET VALUE FOR ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID BY APPLICATION SEGMENT, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 2 MARKET VALUE FORECAST FOR ISOASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 3 SAUSAGE, HAM AND BACON CONSUMPTION IN THE EU, 1987-2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 4 HAM, BACON AND SAUSAGE CONSUMPTION BY EU COUNTRY, 2001 (%)
Figure 5 FLOW CHART OF THE TWO DIFFERENT PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ERYTHORBIC ACID
Figure 6 ESTIMATED PRODUCTION COSTS FOR DIRECT FERMENTATION OF ERYTHORBIC ACID, 2000-2001 (%)
Figure 7 PRICE DEVELOPMENTS OF ERYTHORBIC ACID AND SODIUM ERYTHORBATE, INCLUDING POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATIONS, 1981-2001 ($/KG)
Figure 8 ERYTHORBIC ACID SALES FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS BY REGION, 1985-2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 9 SALES OF ERYTHORBIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001 (%)
Figure 10 MARKET VALUE OF ERYTHORBIC ACID BY REGION, THROUGH 2007, ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 11 FLOW-CHART OF THE REICHSTEIN PROCESS
Figure 12 RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF COST POSITIONS IN THE PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN C ACCORDING TO REICHSTEIN PROCESS (%)
Figure 13 FLOW-CHART OF THE TWO-STAGE FERMENTATION PROCESS
Figure 14 PRICE DEVELOPMENT OF ASCORBIC ACID PRODUCTS AND POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATION, 1991-2001 ($/KG)
Figure 15 GLOBAL ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, 1991-2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 16 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN FOODS BY FUNCTION, 2001 (%)
Figure 17 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN FEED, 2001 (%)
Figure 18 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN PHARMACEUTICALS AND SUPPLEMENTS, 2001 (%)
Figure 19 USE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY FORM, 1995 AND 2001 (%)
Figure 20 TOTAL ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION BY REGION, 2001 (%)
Figure 21 MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 22 TOTAL MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 23 ASCORBIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN FOOD, 2001 AND 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 24 MARKET VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 AND 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 25 TOTAL PRODUCTION COSTS OF CITRIC ACID (PAN SYSTEM) (%)
Figure 26 PRICE DEVELOPMENT OF CITRIC ACID ANHYDRATE AND POLYNOMIAL TREND LINE, 1985-2001 ($/KG)
Figure 27 CITRIC ACID CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, 2001 (%)
Figure 28 CITRIC ACID USE IN FOOD BY APPLICATION, 2001 (%)
Figure 29 CITRIC ACID CONSUMPTION IN FOOD BY REGION, 2001 (%)
Figure 30 USE OF CITRATES BY TYPE OF DETERGENT IN WESTERN EUROPE, 1990 AND 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 31 CONSUMPTION OF CITRATES IN DETERGENTS BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 32 TOTAL CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 33 MARKET VALUE OF CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 34 MARKET VALUE OF CITRIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001 (%)
Figure 35 CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID IN THE FOOD SECTOR BY REGION, 2001 AND 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 36 CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID BY APPLICATION, 2001 AND 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 37 OVERALL CONSUMPTION OF CITRIC ACID BY REGION, 2001 AND 2007 (THOUSAND TONS)
Figure 38 MARKET SHARES OF MAJOR COMPANIES FOR VITAMIN C, 2001 (%)
Figure 39 PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN C BY MAJOR CHINESE COMPANIES, 2001 (%)
Figure 40 MARKET SHARES OF MAJOR ISOASCORBIC ACID PRODUCERS, 2001 (%)
Figure 41 MARKET SHARES OF MAJOR PRODUCER OF CITRIC ACID, 2001 (%)

World Markets for Citric, Ascorbic, Isoascorbic Acids: Highlighting Antioxidants in Food

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES