Opportunities in Alternative Chemical Products and Processing

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

• REASONS FOR STUDY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
• OBJECTIVE OF STUDY AND ITS CONTRIBUTION
• AUDIENCE FOR REPORT
• SCOPE AND CONTENT OF THE REPORT
• METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
• THE FINANCIAL VIEW
• ANALYST CREDENTIALS

• ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
  • The Financial Boon
  • Changing the Chemical Problem
• PRODUCTS
  • Summary Table:
    U.S. PRODUCTION OF END-USE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• CHEMICALS AND PHARMACEUTICALS

• HISTORY OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
• FROM PLANTS TO FOSSIL FUEL CHEMICALS
  • Finding Alternatives
  • Government Regulation
  • High-Tech, High-Skill Global Activity
• Table 1 REPRESENTATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCT MARKET ($ BILLIONS)
  • Small but Getting Bigger
• NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
• GREEN CHEMISTRY DEFINED
  • Producing Environmentally Benign Chemicals
  • Lessening Hazards
  • Environmental Benefit
  • Green Initiatives
  • Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry
  • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
  • POLLUTION PREVENTION
  • Sustainability Issues
  • Downside
  • The End Is Near
• WASTE GENERATION AND BYPRODUCTS
• Toxic Waste
• EMISSION STANDARDS
  • Non-renewable Resources
  • Ozone Depleting Substances
  • Hazardous to Your Health
• TOXICITY ISSUES
  • Six Hundred Million Short Tons
• MAJOR BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
• Municipal Solid Waste Biomass
• MAJOR BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS
• ENZYME PRODUCTS
• MAJOR END PRODUCTS OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
• ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL MARKETS
  • Pigments, Inks and Dyes
• MAJOR ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PROCESSES
• MANUFACTURERS
• SALES OPPORTUNITIES
• FORECASTING PRODUCT SALES
• FORECASTING PRODUCT SALES (CONTINUED)

• FEEDSTOCKS
• DEFINITION OF FEEDSTOCKS USED IN ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTION
• BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
• Three Types of Biotechnology
• BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS VS. FOSSIL FUEL FEEDSTOCKS
• Lightening the Load
• FEEDSTOCK CATEGORIES
• Potential Sources of Feedstocks
• Table 2 TOTAL U.S. BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 (MILLION TONS)
  • Good to Grow
• Table 3 TOTAL U.S. BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Carbohydrate and Microbial Feedstocks
  • Plant-based and Waste Biomass Feedstocks
• CARBOHYDRATE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
• Overall Research Goals
• Table 4 TOTAL U.S. CARBOHYDRATE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 (MILLION TONS)
  • Starch and Sucrose
  • Miscellaneous Carbohydrates
• Table 5 TOTAL U.S. CARBOHYDRATE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Carbohydrate Feedstocks Most Lucrative
  • Cellulose
• Starch
• Sugar, Sugar Cane, and GlucoseSucrose
• Sugar and Glucose
• Specialty Sucrose Esters
• PLANT-BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
• Table 6 TOTAL U.S. PLANT-BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 (MILLION TONS)
• Plant Sources
• Soybean and Lignin Feedstocks
• Vegetable Oil
• Table 7 TOTAL U.S. PLANT-BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Soy-Based Feedstocks
  • Lignin Feedstocks
  • A Multitude of Benefits
  • Vegetable Oils
• MICROBIAL BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
• Table 8 TOTAL U.S. MICROBIAL BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 (MILLION TONS)
• Microorganisms, Enzymes, and GEMS
• Table 9 TOTAL U.S. MICROBIAL BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Microorganism Biomass Feedstocks
  • Enzymes
  • Cellulases
  • Genetic Engineering
  • Trends and Alternative Products
• WASTE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
• Table 10 TOTAL U.S. WASTE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 (MILLION TONS)
• Waste Biomass Feedstocks (Continued)
• Lignocellulosic and Compost Waste
• Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste
• Table 11 TOTAL U.S. WASTE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste (Continued)
• Compost, Triple Use
• Lignin Waste
• Wood Residues
• Municipal Solid Waste
• Industrial Waste
• BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK NEGATIVES
• Biobased Feedstock Up- and Downsides
• Expensive and Not Well-Developed
• FUTURE FEEDSTOCK SALES
• BIOBASED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
• TRADITIONAL CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
• Inorganic Chemical Products
• Organic Chemical Products
• Alternative Chemical Products vs. Petrochemical Products
• Petrochemical Industry
• Alternative Chemical Products
• Fluctuating Oil/Gas Prices a Major Factor
• Figure 1 COST OF PROCESSING CHEMICALS, PETROCHEMICALS VS. BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, 2002 (%)
• Costs for Petrochemical Products
• Transport and Storage
• Feedstock Costs
• Waste, Labor, Compliance, and Facility Costs
• BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCT MARKET
• NOVEL PROPERTIES
• Table 12 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED INTERMEDIATE CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Polymer Biobased Chemicals
• Bulk and Specialty/Fine Alternative Biobased Chemicals
• The Total Market for Biobased Alternative Chemicals
• Figure 2 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED INTERMEDIATE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2002 (%)
• BIOBASED BULK ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL MARKET
• Table 13 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED BULK CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• A Slower-Growing Market
• Lubricants
• Solvents
• Surfactants
• Other Bulk Alternative Chemicals
• Ethylene
• Acetic Acid
• FEEDSTOCKS
• Table 14 BIOBASED BULK USE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 3 BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS COMPARISON USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED BULK CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Feedstocks (Continued)
• Biobased Specialty and Fine Alternative Chemicals Market
• Table 15 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Enzymes
• Table 16 BIOBASED SPECIALTY AND FINE INTERMEDIATE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL USE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 4 BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS COMPARISON USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED SPECIALTY AND FINE INTERMEDIATE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Biobased Polymer Alternative Chemical Market
• Life Cycle Analysis
• Table 17 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED POLYMERS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Large Biobased Chemical Product Markets
• Polymers and Microbial Sources
• BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMER USE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
• Table 18 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMER USE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 5 BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS COMPARISON USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMER CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Checking the Figures
• Biobased Alternative Agrochemical Product Market
• Table 19 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE BIOBASED AGROCHEMICALS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Checking the Figures
• Fertilizers Are Vital
• Biobased Alternative Agrochemical Use of Biomass Feedstocks
• Table 20 BIOBASED INTERMEDIATE ALTERNATIVE AGROCHEMICALS, USE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
•  Figure 6 COMPARISON OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED BULK CHEMICALS, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Microbial Sources Go Up
• Microbial Sources Go Up (Continued)

• FORECASTS ON SALES FOR ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS
• ALTERNATIVE PRODUCT POTENTIAL UNLIMITED
• Achievable Goals
• Table 21 U.S. PRODUCTION OF END-USE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Miscellaneous Specialty Chemicals
• Going Up
• ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTION
• Figure 7 ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTION, 2002 AND 2007 (%)
• Alternative Plastic Products
• Pharmaceutical and Packaging Products
• Miscellaneous Specialty Chemical and Cleaning Products
• Personal Care and Agrochemical Products
• Detergent, Paints & Coatings, and Adhesive Products
• Pigments, Dyes, and Ink Products
• BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS
• Figure 8 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS SALES AND AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTION, 2002 ($ BILLIONS)
• Correlation Between Use and End-use
• Plastics and Pharmaceutical End-Use Products
• Specialty and Fine Chemical Products and Packaging
• Cleaning and Personal Care Products
• Agrochemical and Detergent Markets
• Paints, Coatings, and Adhesive Markets
• Pigments, Dyes, and Inks Market
• ALTERNATIVE END-USE PRODUCT CATEGORIES
• ALTERNATIVE PLASTICS
• Biobased and Biodegradable Plastic Technology
• Resins, Polyesters, and Plastics
• Specialty Plastics
• Table 22 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 23 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 24 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 25 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 26 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 27 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE NON-DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 28 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE NON-DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 29 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE NON-DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 30 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE NON-DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 31 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE NON-DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
• New Drug Therapies
• Table 32 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICALS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 33 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICALS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 34 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICALS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 35 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICALS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 36 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICALS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING
• Successful Market Entries
• Table 37 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 38 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 39 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 40 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 41 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• ALTERNATIVE SPECIALTY AND FINE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
• Niche Products
• Table 42 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE MISCELLANEOUS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 43 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE MISCELLANEOUS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 44 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE MISCELLANEOUS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 45 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE MISCELLANEOUS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 46 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE MISCELLANEOUS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCTS
• Attributes
• Table 47 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCTS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 48 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCTS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 49 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCTS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 50 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCTS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 51 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCTS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS
• Table 52 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 53 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 54 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 55 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• ALTERNATIVE AGROCHEMICALS
• Ecology-Benevolent Fertilizers
• Increasing Soil Fertility
• Biodegradable Waste to Compost
• Better Results from Pesticides
• Table 56 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE FERTILIZER AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 57 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE FERTILIZER AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 58 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE FERTILIZER AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 59 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE FERTILIZER AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 60 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE FERTILIZER AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 61 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PESTICIDE AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• The Figures
• Table 62 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PESTICIDE AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 63 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PESTICIDE AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 64 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PESTICIDE AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 65 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PESTICIDE AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• ALTERNATIVE DETERGENTS
• Alternative Detergent Offerings
• Table 66 U.S. PRODUCTION OF DETERGENTS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Detergent Biofeedstocks
• Table 67 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DETERGENTS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 68 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DETERGENTS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 69 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DETERGENTS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 70 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DETERGENTS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• ALTERNATIVE PAINTS AND COATINGS
  • Pressures for Ecological Concerns
• Paying the Price Is Worth the Expense
• Table 71 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PAINTS AND COATINGS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 72 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PAINTS AND COATINGS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 73 U.S. PRODUCTION OF PAINTS AND COATINGS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 74 U.S. PRODUCTION OF PAINTS AND COATINGS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 75 U.S. PRODUCTION OF PAINTS AND COATINGS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVE PRODUCTS
• The Main Biomass Feedstocks
• Table 76 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 77 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 78 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 79 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 80 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS AND DYES
• Table 81 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS AND DYES BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 82 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS AND DYES BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 83 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS AND DYES BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 84 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS AND DYES BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 85 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS AND DYES BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• ALTERNATIVE INKS
• Soy-based Inks Are More Desirable
• Table 86 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INKS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 87 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INKS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 88 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INKS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 89 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INKS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 90 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INKS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)

• Table 91 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
• POLLUTION PREVENTION
• PRODUCTION COST SAVINGS
• RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
• Microbial Research
• R&D
• LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT
• THE WHOLE PICTURE
• CHEMICAL PROCESSES
• PROCESS EFFICIENCIES AND PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP
• Nontraditional Chemical Processing
• Important Research Areas
• Figure 9 DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• High Priority Areas
• Creating Robust Measurement Techniques
• CHEMICAL PATHWAYS
• Tool Design Not Easy
• REAGENTS
• More Research Needed
• Solvents
• Solving the Solvent Problems
• Water
• Ionic Liquids
• Supercritical Fluids
• Pros and Cons
• Perfluorocarbons
• CATALYSTS
  • Catalytic Processes
• Cleaning Up Waste Streams
• FERMENTATION
• BIOPROCESSING
• New Designs and Better Understanding of DNA
• Computational Design
• EFFECT ON PRODUCT SALES
• PRODUCT AND PROCESSES R&D
• COMMERCIAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS R&D
• DuPont and Genencor
• Productivity Up and Costs Down
• Many Different Uses
• DuPont
• Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.
• Cargill Dow LLC
• An Environmental Plus
• Metabolix, Inc.
• Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.
• Eltron Research, Inc.
• Reactions at Room Temperature
• ACADEMIC PRODUCT AND PROCESS R&D
• Stanford University
• Dubbed Chemical Chameleons
• Carnegie Mellon University
• Michigan State University
• Key Reaction Pathways
• Emory University
• Looking Out for Humanity
• The Scripps Research Institute
• New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
• Two Areas to Explore
• Monash University-Australia
• Iowa State University
• The University of Arizona
• Nnamdi Azikiwe University-Nigeria
• Size of the Starch Molecule Matters
• Temperature Matters
• National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center
• North Carolina State University
• Small Amounts of DMSO
• And Yet, More Research
• North Carolina A & T State University
• GOVERNMENT PRODUCT AND PROCESS, R&D
• Brookhaven National Laboratory and DuPont
• Oakridge National Laboratory-Environmental Science Division (ONL-ESD)
• Argonne National Laboratory
• Brookhaven National Laboratory
• FORECAST EFFECT ON PRODUCT SALES
• PATENTS
• PATENTS BY COMPANY
• Table 92 PATENTS BY COMPANY
• PATENT BY TECHNOLOGY
• Table 93 PATENTS ISSUED BY TECHNOLOGY
• PATENTS ISSUED BY YEAR
• Table 94 PATENTS ISSUED BY YEAR
• Green Chemistry Down and Up
• PATENT REVIEW
• Synthetic Modification of Spinosyn Compounds
• Using Saccharopolyspora Spinosa
• The Environment
• Lactic Acid Processing Methods, Arrangements, and Product
• Polymer Composition Comprising Esterified Starch and Esterified Cellulose
• Review of Patents
• It's All in the Details
• Natural Resin (NR) Formulations
• Research Results
• High Reactivity Rates
• Municipal Solid Waste Processing Facility
• Commercial Ethanol Production Process
• Controlling Toxic Compounds
• Pellets and Catalysts
• Reducing Byproducts
• Reducing Byproducts (Continued)

• MARKET DYNAMICS FOR ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
• MARKET DRIVERS
• Alternative Chemical Costs
• Product Price
• Waging Price Wars
• Regulations
• Environmental Drivers
• R&D
• $$ in Alternative Chemical Products
• Figure 10 ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL R&D EXPENDITURES VERSUS MARKETING EXPENDITURES, 2002 (%) Figure 10 (CONTINUED)
• Smaller Companies Carrying the Load
• Government Backs Off
• Capital Investment Essential
• Public/Private Funding
• Public/Private Partnerships
• The Advanced Technology Program (ATP)
• The Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization Corp. (AARCC)
• COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
• BRANDING
• Environmental Image
• ECONOMIES OF SCALE
• Small Companies Find Competition Hard
• ALLIANCES
• Alliances for Growth and Development
• PRODUCTION INNOVATION
• INDUSTRY LIFE CYCLE
• IMPACT OF OTHER INDUSTRIES
• PETROLEUM AND OIL PRODUCERS
• BIOTECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SCIENCES INDUSTRIES
• AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY
• Processing Biomass Waste
• Figure 11 U.S. AGRICULTURAL -RELATED COMPANIES' MARKET SHARE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS USED IN CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, 2002 (%)
• Current Market
• Forecasted Sales for the Agricultural Industry
• Increasing Profit Margin
• Biobased Feedstock Initiatives
• A Broad-Based Partnership
• COMPANIES
• A MATURE INDUSTRY
• Major Market Players
• Figure 12 U.S. MANUFACTURERS' MARKET SHARE IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE END-USE PRODUCTS, 2002 (%) Figure 12 (CONTINUED)
• The Total Market Value
• Figure 13 U.S. MANUFACTURERS' MARKET SHARE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED CHEMICALS, 2002 (%) Figure 13 (CONTINUED)
• Cargill Corp.
• Donlar Biosyntrex Corp.
• The Dow Chemical Co.
• DuPont
• Eastman Chemical Co.
• Genencor International
• Great Lakes Chemical Corp.
• Midwest Grain Products, Inc.
• National Starch and Chemical Co.
• Novozymes Biologicals, Inc.
• Pioneer Hi-Bred, International, Inc.
• Rochester Midland Corp.
• Rohm and Haas Co.
• COMPANY SIZE
• Big Is Not Necessarily Better
• Small to Medium Companies
• EXPERIENCE IN ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
• LEADERSHIP
• Competition and Costs Hinder New Entrants
• Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards
• Table 95 PAST PRESIDENTIAL GREEN CHEMISTRY CHALLENGE AWARD WINNERS, 1996-2001 Table 95 (CONTINUED) Table 95 (CONTINUED)
• SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
• SPEAKING THE SAME LANGUAGE
• INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION
• THE CUSTOMER
• THE CUSTOMER (CONTINUED)

• INTERNATIONAL MARKET DYNAMICS
• FOREIGN INVESTMENT
• Challenged by Developing Regions
• GLOBALIZATION
• SUPPLY AND DEMAND
• A Shift to Biobased and Biotechnologies
• U.S. EXPORTS
• GROWTH IN THE NEXT FIVE YEARS
• U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PAINT AND COATING END-USE PRODUCTS, EXPORTS/IMPORTS
• Table 96 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PAINT AND COATING END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVE END-USE PRODUCTS, EXPORTS/IMPORTS
• Table 97 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVE END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. Production �c Products, Exports/Imports (continued)
• U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PLASTIC END-USE PRODUCTS, EXPORTS/IMPORTS
• Table 98 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PLASTIC END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. Production �c Exports/Imports (Continued)
• U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING END-USE PRODUCTS, EXPORTS/IMPORTS
• Table 99 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING END-USE PRODUCTS, EXPORTS/IMPORTS
• Table 100 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCT END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. PRODUCTION �cPRODUCTS, EXPORTS/IMPORTS (CONTINUED)
• U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DETERGENT END-USE PRODUCTS, EXPORTS/IMPORTS
• Table 101 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DETERGENT END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. Production �c Products, Exports/Imports (Continued)
• U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENT AND DYE END-USE PRODUCTS, EXPORTS/IMPORTS
• Table 102 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENT AND DYES END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE END-USE PRODUCTS, EXPORTS/IMPORTS
• Table 103 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. Production �c Exports/Imports (Continued)
• U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE AGROCHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS, EXPORTS/IMPORTS
• Table 104 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE AGROCHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICAL END-USE PRODUCTS, EXPORTS/IMPORTS
• Table 105 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICAL END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. Production of Alternative �cExports/Imports (Continued)
• U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INK END-USE PRODUCTS, EXPORTS/IMPORTS
• Table 106 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INK END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE MISC. SPECIALTY CHEMICAL PRODUCTS END-USE PRODUCTS, EXPORTS/IMPORTS
• Table 107 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE MISCELANEOUS SPECIALTY CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• U.S. Production of Alternative �c Exports/Imports (Continued)
• Table 108 REGIONAL PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS) Figure 14 GLOBAL COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS, 2002 ($ BILLIONS)
• Regional Data
  • WESTERN EUROPE
  • CANADA
• LATIN AMERICA
• ASIA-PACIFIC
• Japan
• INDUSTRIAL VS. DEVELOPING REGIONS
• Specialty Chemicals
• The OECD Countries Lead
• INTERNATIONAL REGULATION AND AGREEMENTS
• NAFTA
• Mexico on the Rise
• European Union
• Regulatory Mandates
• The Kyoto Protocol
• The Protocols
• Money or Ecology?
• International Companies
• Novozymes A/S
• ICI PLC
• Tate and Lyle
• FINANCING AND EXPORT ASSISTANCE
• Ex-Im Bank
• Export Working Capital Program
• Overseas Private Investment Corp.
• Multilateral Development Bank Operations
• Commercial Banks
• Factoring, Forfaiting, and Confirming

• CONSISTENCY ESSENTIAL
• HISTORICAL SIGNIFIGANCE
• STATE AND FEDERAL INTERACTIONS
• The EPCRA and More
• Going for the Green
• THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1970
• CLEAN WATER ACT
• THE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT (WPCA)
• THE CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA)
• State Authority
• More Amendments
• RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT
• A Local, State, and Federal Government Matter
• Contaminated Site Waste Treatment
• POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT
• TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT
• NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN REGULATION
• EXECUTIVE ORDER-DEVELOPING AND PROMOTING BIOBASED PRODUCTS AND BIONENERGY
• Working with the USDA
• Findings and Recommendations
• BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2000
• Appropriations
• DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT - H.R.2694
• What Will the New Department Do?
• CLIMATE CHANGE TAX AMENDMENTS OF 2001 - S1293IS
• RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENT ACT OF 2001 - H.R. 2324
• CHEMICAL INDUSTRY VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS
• RESPONSIBLE CARE
• Achieving Optimum Performance
• THE 33/50 PROGRAM
• FORECAST EFFECTS ON PRODUCT SALES

• AG PROCESSING, INC.
• ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND CO. (ADM)
• CARGILL CORP.
• DONLAR BIOSYNTREX CORP.
• THE DOW CHEMICAL CO.
• DUPONT
• EASTMAN CHEMICAL CO.
• GENENCOR INTERNATIONAL
• GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL CORP.
• NATIONAL STARCH AND CHEMICAL CO.
• NOVOZYMES BIOLOGICALS, INC.
• PIONEER HI-BRED, INTERNATIONAL, INC.
• ROCHERSTER MIDLAND CORP.
• ROHM AND HAAS CO.

• APPENDIX A: ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS (CONTINUED)
• APPENDIX A: ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS (CONTINUED)
• APPENDIX A: ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS (CONTINUED)
• APPENDIX A: ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS (CONTINUED)
• SOURCES
  • SOURCES (CONTINUED)
  • SOURCES (CONTINUED)
  • SOURCES (CONTINUED)

• APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS (CONTINUED)
• APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS (CONTINUED)

LIST OF TABLES

• Summary Table:
  U.S. PRODUCTION OF END-USE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 1 REPRESENTATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCT MARKET ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 2 TOTAL U.S. BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 (MILLION TONS)
• Table 3 TOTAL U.S. BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 4 TOTAL U.S. CARBOHYDRATE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 (MILLION TONS)
• Table 5 TOTAL U.S. CARBOHYDRATE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 6 TOTAL U.S. PLANT-BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 (MILLION TONS)
• Table 7 TOTAL U.S. PLANT-BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 8 TOTAL U.S. MICROBIAL BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 (MILLION TONS)
• Table 9 TOTAL U.S. MICROBIAL BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 10 TOTAL U.S. WASTE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 (MILLION TONS)
• Table 11 TOTAL U.S. WASTE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 12 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED INTERMEDIATE CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 13 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED BULK CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 14 BIOBASED BULK USE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 15 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 16 BIOBASED SPECIALTY AND FINE INTERMEDIATE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL USE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 17 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED POLYMERS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 18 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMER USE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 19 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE BIOBASED AGROCHEMICALS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 20 BIOBASED INTERMEDIATE ALTERNATIVE AGROCHEMICALS, USE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 21 U.S. PRODUCTION OF END-USE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 22 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 23 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 24 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 25 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 26 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 27 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE NON-DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 28 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE NON-DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 29 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE NON-DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 30 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE NON-DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 31 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE NON-DURABLE PLASTICS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 32 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICALS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 33 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICALS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 34 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICALS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 35 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICALS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 36 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICALS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 37 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 38 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 39 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 40 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 41 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 42 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE MISCELLANEOUS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 43 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE MISCELLANEOUS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 44 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE MISCELLANEOUS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 45 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE MISCELLANEOUS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 46 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE MISCELLANEOUS SPECIALTY CHEMICALS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 47 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCTS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 48 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCTS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 49 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCTS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 50 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCTS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 51 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCTS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 52 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 53 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 54 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 55 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 56 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE FERTILIZER AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 57 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE FERTILIZER AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 58 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE FERTILIZER AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 59 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE FERTILIZER AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 60 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE FERTILIZER AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 61 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PESTICIDE AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 62 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PESTICIDE AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 63 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PESTICIDE AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 64 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PESTICIDE AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 65 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PESTICIDE AGROCHEMICALS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 66 U.S. PRODUCTION OF DETERGENTS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 67 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DETERGENTS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 68 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DETERGENTS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 69 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DETERGENTS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 70 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DETERGENTS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 71 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PAINTS AND COATINGS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 72 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PAINTS AND COATINGS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 73 U.S. PRODUCTION OF PAINTS AND COATINGS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 74 U.S. PRODUCTION OF PAINTS AND COATINGS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 75 U.S. PRODUCTION OF PAINTS AND COATINGS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 76 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 77 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 78 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 79 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 80 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 81 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS AND DYES BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 82 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS AND DYES BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 83 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS AND DYES BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 84 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS AND DYES BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 85 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS AND DYES BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 86 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INKS BASED ON BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 87 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INKS BASED ON CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 88 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INKS BASED ON MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 89 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INKS BASED ON PLANT-BASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 90 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INKS BASED ON WASTE FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 91 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
• Table 92 PATENTS BY COMPANY
• Table 93 PATENTS ISSUED BY TECHNOLOGY
• Table 94 PATENTS ISSUED BY YEAR
• Table 95 PAST PRESIDENTIAL GREEN CHEMISTRY CHALLENGE AWARD WINNERS, 1996-2001
• Table 96 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PAINT AND COATING END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 97 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVE END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 98 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PLASTIC END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 99 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 100 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCT END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 101 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DETERGENT END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 102 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENT AND DYES END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 103 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 104 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE AGROCHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 105 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICAL END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 106 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INK END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 107 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE MISCELANEOUS SPECIALTY CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS - EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
• Table 108 REGIONAL PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)

LIST OF FIGURES

• Figure 1 COST OF PROCESSING CHEMICALS, PETROCHEMICALS VS. BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, 2002 (%)
• Figure 2 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED INTERMEDIATE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2002 (%)
• Figure 3 BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS COMPARISON USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED BULK CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 4 BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS COMPARISON USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED SPECIALTY AND FINE INTERMEDIATE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 5 BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS COMPARISON USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMER CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 6 COMPARISON OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED BULK CHEMICALS, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 7 ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTION, 2002 AND 2007 (%)
• Figure 8 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS SALES AND AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTION, 2002 ($ BILLIONS)
• Figure 9 DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Figure 10 ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL R&D EXPENDITURES VERSUS MARKETING EXPENDITURES, 2002 (%)
• Figure 10 (CONTINUED)
• Figure 11 U.S. AGRICULTURAL -RELATED COMPANIES' MARKET SHARE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS USED IN CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING, 2002 (%)
• Figure 12 U.S. MANUFACTURERS' MARKET SHARE IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE END-USE PRODUCTS, 2002 (%)
• Figure 13 U.S. MANUFACTURERS' MARKET SHARE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED CHEMICALS, 2002 (%)
• Figure 14 GLOBAL COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS, 2002 ($ BILLIONS)