Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
- STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
- REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
- CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
- SCOPE AND FORMAT
- METHODOLOGY
- INFORMATION SOURCES
- ANALYSTS CREDENTIALS
- RELATED BCC RESEARCH
- Table A FREQUENTLY USED CONVERSTIONS
- Table B TYPICAL VAPOR-LIQUID CONVERSIONS*
- Table C CONVERSION FACTORS
SUMMARY
- Summary Table:
- GLOBAL LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRURE CAPITAL SPENDING BY
SEGMENT, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
- Summary Figure:
- GLOBAL LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRURE CAPITAL SPENDING BY
SEGMENT, 2002-2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
- INTRODUCTION
- Table 1 GLOBAL LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL
GLOBAL DEMAND, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- OVERVIEW OF STORAGE ALONG THE NATURAL GAS CHAIN
- Figure 1 TYPES OF UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE FACILITIES
- PRODUCTION AND TREATMENT
- Oil and Gas Gathering and Separation
- Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
- Transmission-Compression
- Underground Natural Gas Storage
- Distribution
- Figure 2 STORAGE ALONG THE NATURAL GAS CHAIN
- IMPORTANCE OF LNG AND natural gas storage INFRASTRUCTURE
- Table 2 OVERVIEW OF THE IMPORTANCE OF STORAGE IN THE NATURAL GAS VALUE
CHAIN
- UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE
- Table 3 TYPICAL FIRM STORAGE COSTS
- USES OF NATURAL GAS STORAGE
- Figure 3 INTEGRATION OF LNG AND UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- THE LNG STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE CHAIN
- Figure 4 STORAGE ALONG THE LNG INFRASTRUCTURE CHAIN
- LNG Liquefaction Plant Storage
- LNG Tanker Storage
- LNG Storage at Receiving/Regasification Terminal
- LNG Peakshaving Plants
- Figure 5 RECEIVING/REGASIFICATION PORT LNG STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
CONFIGURATION
- OVERVIEW OF CAPITAL COSTS OF NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- Table 4 OVERVIEW OF NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL COST
BREAKDOWN, 2002-2005
- IMPORTANT ECONOMIC INDICATIONS FOR WORLD TRADE AND THE NATURAL GAS
STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRY
- Risks
- Table 5 OVERVIEW OF WORLD KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS, 2002-2010 (GROWTH, %)
- Table 6 OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LNG TRADE BY TYPE OF CONTRACT THROUGH
2010 (%)
- OVERVIEW OF UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE
- Table 7 OVERVIEW OF WORLD DEMAND FOR UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE BY
REGION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- OVERVIEW OF LNG TANKER COST AND CAPACITY
- Table 8 NUMBER OF LNG SHIPS, ON ORDER, TOTAL CAPACITY AND SHIP COST,
THROUGH 2010
- OVERVIEW OF LNG IMPORTerS
- Table 9 OVERVIEW OF LNG IMPORTERS BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- OVERVIEW OF LNG EXPORTERS
- Table 10 OVERVIEW OF LNG EXPORTERS BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- WHERE NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE FITS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
- Table 11 OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FEEDSTOCK, THROUGH
2010 (QUADRILLION BTU/YEAR)
- INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES
- Table 12 OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES, 2002-2005
- OVERVIEW OF NATURAL GAS PRICES
- Figure 6 MONTHLY NATURAL GAS PRICES (HENRY HUB; $/MMBTU)
- OVERVIEW OF THE METAL MARKET
- STEEL
- NICKEL
- Table 13 OVERVIEW OF NICKEL AND STEEL METAL PRICES, THROUGH 2005 (INDEX;
JANUARY 1998=1.0)
- ALUMINUM
- COPPER
- COBALT
- ZINC
- TIN
- CHROMIUM
- MOLYBDENUM
- Table 14 ALUMINUM, COBALT, COPPER, ZINC, TIN, CHROMIUM AND MOLYBDENUM
METAL FORECAST, THROUGH 2005 (¢/LB)
- HISTORY OF THE LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INDUSTRY
- UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION
- LNG STORAGE TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION
- DESCRIPTION OF THE LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRY
- Table 15 RELATIVE COST COMPARISON OF GAS STORAGE TYPES USING LIQUEFIED
PETROLEUM GAS AS AN EXAMPLE
- LIQUEFATION PLANT LNG STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- MARINE TRANSPORTATION (SHIPPING) STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- RECEIVING and REGASIFICATION TERMINAL LNG STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- Table 16 OVERVIEW OF THE OPERATING COST COMPONENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS
STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2010 ($/MMBTU)
- OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRATRUCTURE CAPITAL SPENDING
BY SEGMENT
- Table 17 OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL SPENDING BY
SEGMENT, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
- Table 18 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN BASE-LOAD LNG PLANT (%)
- Table 19 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN LNG VESSEL (%)
- LNG IMPORT and REGASIFICATION TERMINALS
- Table 20 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN BASE-LOAD LNG REGAS PLANT (%)
- UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE
- Table 21 COST COMPONENTS OF UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE (%)
- MERCHANT LNG (LNG PEAKSHAVING AND SATTELITE STORAGE)
- Table 22 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN PEAKSHAVING AND SATELLITE LNG PLANT
(%)
- The Future OF NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND LEGISLATION
- INTRODUCTION
- INDUSTRY CONCERNS-SAFETY AND SECURITY
- ARE THERE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH LNG?
- APPROVAL AND SITING AUTHORITY
- ECONOMIC IMPACTS
- LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS AND REGULATIONS
- U.S. LNG REGULATORY AGENCIES
- U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
- U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES
- KEY REGULATIONS AFFECTING NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS IMPORT TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2004
- THE MARITIME TRANSPORT SECURITY ACT OF 2004
- THE PIPELINE SAFETY IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2002
- ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2003 (H.R.1644)
- ENERGY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATION
ACT OF 2003
- CLEAR ACT OF 2003
- SECURING TRANSPORTATION ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR TOMORROW ACT OF 2003
- THE HOMELAND INFRASTRUCTURE POWER AND ASSURANCE INCENTIVES ACT OF 2003
- ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY ACT OF 2003
- THE ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005
- Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 (AMFA)
- EUROPEAN UNION 2nd DIRECTIVE
- EMISSION CONTROL REGULATIONS
- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE RATES
- INTRODUCTION
- CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE BUSINESS
- Table 23 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE BUSINESS
- UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE
- DEPLETED OIL AND GAS FIELDS
- AQUIFERS
- SALT CAVERNS
- ABANDONED MINES
- LNG UNDERGROUND STORAGE
- Table 24 WORLD LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE, FORECAST
THROUGH 2010 (WORKING VOLUME; TCF/YEAR)
- GLOBAL LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKET
- Figure 7 NATURAL GAS SUPPLY AND STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK
- AVERAGE CRUDE OIL and NATURAL GAS PRICES
- Table 25 OVERVIEW OF AVERAGE CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PRICES, WITH
FORECASTS, THROUGH 2010
- THE VALUE OF NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROFITABILITY
- Figure 8 CITY GATE NATURAL GAS PRICE ($/1,000 CUBIC FEET) AND PRICE OF
WEST TEXAS INTERMEDIATE CRUDE OIL DIVIDED BY 6, 2001-2006
- Cost of Service Valuation
- Table 26 NATURAL GAS STORAGE TARRIF RATES, 2005
- Table 27 MONTHLY CONTRACT VALUES FOR NATURAL GAS FUTURES ($/MMBTU)
- Figure 9 NYMEX NATURAL GAS FUTURES NEAR-MONTH CONTRACT SETTLEMENT
- Option-Based Valuation for High-Delivery Storage
- Table 28 EXTRINSIC VALUE OF NATURAL GAS STORAGE, 2005 ($)
- Figure 10 LEAST COST PLANNING FOR NATURAL GAS STORAGE
- DEMAND AND SUPPLY FLEXIBILITY
- ANNUALLY
- SEASONAL
- WEEKLY
- DAILY
- HOURLY
- Figure 11 TYPICAL DAILY GAS DEMAND PROFILE DURING THE YEAR
- FLEXIBILITY IN SUPPLY
- Production Flexibility
- Seasonal Storage
- Figure 12 SCHEMATIC ANNUAL DEMAND AND PRODUCTION AND USE OF SEASONAL
STORAGE
- Natural Gas Caverns
- Interruptible Contracts
- LNG Storage (Peak Shaving)
- LNG Storage (International Trade)
- Low Pressure Storage (Compressed Natural Gas)
- Line Pack
- Table 29 FLEXIBILITY SEGMENTATION
- ECONOMICS OF LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- COST OF STORAGE
- Table 30 APPROXIMATE LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE COSTS FOR VARIOUS
OPTIONS (AT GAS PRICE ABOUT EURO 0.1/M3)
- Storage in By-Product Utilization
- Figure 13 THREE BY-PRODUCT PROPANE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
- TRANSPORT COSTS FOR STORED LNG AND NATURAL GAS VOLUME
- Table 31 ESTIMATED TRANSPORT COSTS FOR STORED LNG AND NATURAL GAS
VOLUME, 2005
- NATURAL GAS STORAGE TARIFFS
- Figure 14 STORAGE TARIFFS IN NORTH WEST EUROPE, 2005
- Table 32 PROXIMITY TO CUSTOMER IS A KEY TO LNG SPOT SALES
- Table 33 LNG SAILING DAYS
- EFFECT OF WINTER NATURAL GAS USAGE ON PIPELINE CAPACITY COSTS
- Natural Gas Supply Negotiations
- Figure 15 EFFECT OF WINTER NATURAL GAS USAGE ON PIPELINE CAPACITY COSTS
- FACTORS AFFECTING SHORT-TERM NATURAL GAS PRICES AND ROLE OF STORAGE
- Figure 16 SHORT-TERM NATURAL GAS PRICE DRIVERS
- WINTER SCENARIOS EXAMINED
- Table 34 U.S. HEATING DEGREE DAYS (WEEKLY COMPARISON OF 2006 VS. 2005
AND NORMAL)
- HURRICANE SEASON COMES CLOSE
- Figure 17 NATURAL GAS PRICES AND THE EFFECT OF HURICANES IVAN AND
KATRINA PLUS RITA
- Figure 18 AVERAGE CONSUMER PRICE OF NATURAL GAS IN THE U.S.
- Figure 19 COST OF NATURAL GAS AROUND THE WORLD, 2005
- Figure 20 2006 HEATING DEGREE DAYS VS. NORMAL
- Table 35 U.S. WEEKLY ELECTRICITY OUTPUT (GIGAWATT HOURS)
- Figure 21 UNITED STATES UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE AND TRENDLINE
- Table 36 ESTIMATED U.S. WORKING NATURAL GAS IN UNDERGROUND STORAGE
(BILLION CUBIC FEET)
- Table 37 ESTIMATED CANADIAN WORKING NATURAL GAS IN STORAGE (BILLION
CUBIC FEET)
- Figure 22 YEAR-OVER-YEAR DEFICIT AND 5-YEAR SURPLUS IN STORAGE
- Table 38 NYMEX HENRY HUB NATURAL GAS FUTURES ($/MMBTU)
- NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION ECONOMICS AND FUTURE GAINS
- Table 39 U.S. DRY NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION (MILLION CUBIC FEET)
- CAPITAL and EXPLORATION EXPENTITURES
- Table 40 CAPITAL AND EXPLORATION EXPENDITURES FOR SELECT COMPANIES,
THROUGH 2002-2005 ($ BILLION/YEAR)
- Figure 23 NET NATURAL GAS FUTURES AND OPTIONS POSITIONS, JANUARY
2003-DECEMBER 2005
- Table 41 COMPOSITE SPOT NATURAL GAS PRICE FORECAST (12-REGION
VOLUME-WEIGHTED PRICES; IN $/MMBTU)
- Table 42 WELLS DRILLED BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2002-2005 (NUMBER)
- Figure 24 U.S. RIG COUNT
- Figure 25 CANADIAN RIG COUNT
- Table 43 WORLDWIDE GDP AND GDP GROWTH (%)
- CRUDE OIL AND PRODUCTS PRICES
- Table 44 AVERAGE CRUDE OIL AND PRODUCTS PRICES THROUGH 2005
- Table 45 GLOBAL EXISTING LNG STORAGE CAPACITY, DAILY SEND-OUT CAPACITY
(2005) AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG IMPORT TERMINALS, 2005-2010
- FACTORS AFFECTING LONG-TERM NATURAL GAS DEMAND
- SHIFTS IN STORAGE USE IMPACT INVENTORIES AND STORAGE ACTIVITIES
- Open Access to Storage Capacity
- LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INSTRUMENTATION INFRASTRUCTURE LEADERSHIP
BY COMPANY/PRODUCT
- UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INSTRUMENTAION INFRASTRUCTURE
- Receiving/Delivering Point
- Process Plants
- Compressors
- Gas Turbines
- Valves
- Gas Dehydration
- Process Control System
- Safety System
- Environmental Protection
- Seismic Monitoring
- Figure 26 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF GAS INJECTION AND WITHDRAWAL
INSTRUMENTATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN AN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE
RESERVOIR
- LNG Tank Storage Instrumentation Infrastructure
- Figure 27 DETAILS OF A FULL CONTAINMENT ABOVE-GROUND LNG STORAGE TANK
- Figure 28 DETAILS OF A FULL CONTAINMENT IN-GROUND LNG STORAGE TANK
- LNG CARGO CONTAINMENT (LNG TANKER) INSTRUMENTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
- Figure 29 LNG CARGO CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS
- STRATIFICATION AND ROLLOVER PREDICTIVE SOFTWARE
- SAFETY FEATURES IN LNG TRANSPORTATION AND RECEIVING TERMINALS
- Table 46 NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE MARKET, SHARE OF LEADING
COMPANIES BY PRODUCT, 2005 (%)
- INDUSTRY SEGMENTATION, COMPETITION, CONCENTRATION, FRAGMENTATION and
INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS
- Table 47 GLOBAL SEGMENTATION IN STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY
STORAGE TYPE, THROUGH 2010 ($BILLIONS/YEAR)
- Table 48 MARKET PLAYERS AND SHARES OF WORKING GAS CAPACITY IN THE UNITED
STATES (% SHARES)
- Dominion
- El Paso
- Unocal
- Southern California Gas Company
- Southwest Gas Storage Company
- Panhandle Energy
- Sempra Energy
- ANR Pipeline Company
- Columbia Transmission Company
- Duke Energy Gas Transmission
- Kaiser-Francis Oil Company
- Houston Pipe Line Co
- Louisiana Intrastate Gas Co
- Kinder Morgan
- Williams
- Nicor
- Enterprise Products Partners L.P. (NYSE:EPD)
- Table 49 NORTH AMERICAN UGS COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005
- Table 50 NORTH AMERICAN LNG STORAGE COMPETITION BY OWNER, 2005 (CUBIC
METERS)
- Figure 30 CONCENTRATION OF WORKING CAPACITY OF UGS IN EUROPE BY COUNTRY,
2005 (%)
- Western Europe
- Eni S.p.A.
- GdF
- Gasunie
- WINGAS GmbH
- BEB
- Centrica
- OMV
- Table 51 WESTERN EUROPEAN UGS COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005 (MLLION CUBIC
METERS)
- Table 52 WESTERN EUROPEAN LNG STORAGE COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005
(CUBIC METERS)
- Table 53 INVESTMENTS IN PRIVATIZED CENTRAL EUERPEAN GAS COMPANIES
- Gazprom
- Ukraine
- Uzbekistan
- Table 54 EASTERN EUROPEAN/CIS UGS COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005
(BILLION CUBIC FEET)
- Asia
- Japan
- Australia
- China
- India
- South Korea
- Chinese Taipei
- Table 55 ASIAN UGS COMPETITION BY COUNTRY/ COMPANY, 2005 (BILLION CUBIC
FEET)
- Table 56 ASIAN LNG STORAGE COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005 (CUBIC METERS)
- Table 57 ROW UGS COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005E (BILLION CUBIC FEET)
- Table 58 ROW LNG STORAGE COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005E
- Table 59 EARNINGS (BEFORE INTEREST AND TAXES) OF SELECTED LNG PLAYERS,
THROUGH THROUGH 2005 ($MILLIONS)
- Table 60 EARNINGS (BEFORE INTEREST AND TAXES) OF SELECTED UNDERGROUND
NATURAL GAS PLAYERS, THROUGH 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 61 GROSS PROFIT OF MAJOR LNG PLAYERS, THROUGH 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 62 GROSS PROFIT OF MAJOR UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PLAYERS,
THROUGH 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- MARKET ENTRY AND BARRIERS
- Table 63 UNDERGOUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT "ENTRY FEE," 2005
($/1,000 CUBIC FEET OF WORKING GAS)
- Table 64 GREENFIELD AND EXPANSION LNG PROJECT "ENTRY FEE," FOR SELECTED
PRODUCING COUNTRIES, 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS FOR LNG AND UNDEGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE
FACILITIES
- Underground Natural Gas Storages
- Table 65 DEVELOPMENT COST OF UNDERGROUND WORKING GAS STORAGE, 2005 ($
MILLIONS)
- Risk Reduction
- Base Gas Costs
- Table 66 UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE DEVELOPMENT COSTS, 2005
- Table 67 COMPARATIVE REGIONAL LNG ECONOMICS FOR GREEFIELD FACILITIES,
2005 ($/1000 CUBIC FEET)
- ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, CAPITAL BUDGETING AND STRATEGIC PROJECT PLANNING
- ECONOMIC EVALUATION
- CAPITAL BUDGETING
- Table 68 HYPOTHETICAL PROJECT LIST
- Table 69 PROJECTS RANKED BY INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY
- Table 70 INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY BY MARKET SEGEMENT
- Figure 31 PRICE TO EARNINGS RATIO (P/E) PREDICTION
- IMPORTANT SHIFTS/ TRENDS IN THE LNG AND natural gas storage INDUSTRY
- SHIFTS IN THE GAS BUSINESS
- Table 71 IMPORTANT SHIFTS/TRENDS IN NATURAL GAS BUSINESS, THROUGH 2005
(%)
- Figure 32 LNG SUPPLY CHAIN UNDER FERC' S "OPEN-ACCESS' ' REGIME
- Figure 33 LNG SUPPLY CHAIN UNDER FERC' S NEW "NON-OPEN ACCESS' ' REGIME
- U.S. Maturity of Natural Gas Deregulation
- TECHNOLOGY
- Liquefaction Technology
- LNG Tanker Construction Costs
- Power Generation Technology
- Computer Technology
- Reservoir Evaluation Technology
- COMPANY RESULTS
- MIDSTREAM PLAYERS
- Nisource Inc.
- Dominion
- El Paso Energy Corp
- Williams Companies Inc.
- Table 72 COMPANY RESULTS OF SELECTED UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS PLAYERS,
THROUGH 2005 (REVENUE: $ MILLION/YEAR)
- UPSTREAM COMPANIES
- ChevronTexaco
- ExxonMobil Inc.
- ConocoPhillips
- DOWNSTREAM COMPANIES
- INDEPENDENT EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION FIRMS
- Marathon Oil Corporation
- Burlington
- Anadarko
- Apache
- Kerr-Mcgee
- Pogo Producing Company
- Devon Energy Corp
- Dominion Resources Inc
- EOG
- Marathon Oil Corporation
- Occidental Petroleum Corporation
- XTO
- Table 73 U.S. BASED OIL AND GAS FIRMS' REVENUES, THROUGH 2005 ($
MILLIONS/YEAR)
- SERVICE SUPPLY COMPANY RESULTS
- Transocean Inc.
- Baker Hughes Inc.
- Smith International
- Schlumberger Ltd.
- Weatherford International Inc
- Noble Corp.
- Table 74 COMPANY RESULTS FOR THE WORLD' S TOP SERVICE SUPPLY COMPANIES,
THROUGH 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- MAJOR OIL AND GAS COMPANIES BASED OUTSIDE THE U.S.
- Royal Dutch/Shell
- British Petroleum
- Total
- British Gas
- Repsol YPF (NYSE: REP)
- Statoil
- BHP Billiton Petroleum Ltd
- Woodside Petroleum
- Gaz-Prom
- Table 75 COMPANY RESULTS FOR THE WORLD' S MAJOR OIL AND NATURAL GAS
COMPANIES OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES, THROUGH 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- STATE-OWNED OIL AND GAS COMPANIES
- Petroleos De Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA)
- Petroleo Brasileiro Sa (Petrobrás)
- Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex)
- National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
- Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- Table 76 COMPANY RESULTS FOR THE WORLD' S TOP STATE-OWNED OIL AND
NATURAL GAS COMPANIES OUTSIDE THE U.S., THROUGH 2004 ($MILLIONS)
- INSTRUMENTATION and EQUIPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPLIERS
- Defining Demand
- Frontiers Fluctuating
- Table 77 COMPANY RESULTS FOR GAS STORAGE INSTRUMENTATION SUPPLIERS,
THROUGH 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- ECONOMICS and COST REDUCTION IN THE LNG and NATURAL GAS STORAGE
INFRASTRUCTURE
- INTRODUCTION
- Table 78 DEMAND FOR LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING
BY TYPE, THROUGH 2010 ($BILLIONS)
- THE DYNAMICS OF NATURAL GAS PRICING AND VALUE OF STORAGE
- TWO SIMPLE RULES OF THUMB
- Figure 34 ACTUAL AND IMPLIED NATURAL GAS PRICES USING 10-TO-1 AND 6-TO-1
RULES OF THUMB
- Figure 35 ACTUAL AND IMPLIED NATURAL GAS PRICES USING BURNER-TIP PARITY
AND FITTED VALUES
- Figure 36 NATURAL GAS IN STORAGE ABOVE SEASONAL AVERAGE
- Table 79 ESTIMATED WEEKLY SEASONAL FACTORS
- ACTUAL AND IMPLIED NATURAL GAS PRICES INCORPORATING SEASONAL FACTORS
AND STORAGE CONDITIONS
- Figure 37 ACTUAL AND IMPLIED NATURAL GAS PRICES INCORPORATING SEASONAL
FACTORS AND STORAGE CONDITIONS
- COST REDUCTION FOR GAS STORAGE IN POROUS AND PERMEABLE FORMATIONS
- Figure 38 UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE IN OIL OR GAS FIELD
- OPTIMIZATION OF THE USE OF STORAGE STRUCTURES
- Geological Description and Knowledge, Seismic Monitoring
- Knowledge and Description of Fluid Flows
- REDUCTION OF THE CUSHION GAS INVESTMENT: INJECTION OF INERT GAS AS
CUSHION GAS ALTERNATIVE
- HORIZONTAL WELLS
- COST REDUCTIONS FOR UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE IN SOLUTION-MINED
SALT CAVITIES
- Figure 39 SOLUTION MINED SALT CAVITY
- GEOTECHNICAL ADVANCES: INCREASING GEOMETRIC VOLUME, DECREASING THE
MINIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE
- Increasing Geometric Volume
- Lowering the Minimum Operating Pressure
- INCREASING MAXIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE
- Solution Mining Techniques
- Solution Mining Under Gas
- COST REDUCTION FOR CAVITIES IN THIN SALT LAYERS
- Figure 40 SOLUTION MINED CAVITY IN THIN SALT LAYERS
- COST REDUCTIONS FOR LINED ROCK CAVERNS
- Figure 41 LINED ROCK CAVERN
- COST REDUCTION FOR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG)
- SHIP CONSTRUCTION
- LIQUECATION
- PROJECT ECONOMICS
- Exploration and Production
- LNG Tanker Costs
- Liquefaction Costs
- Regasification Terminal Costs
- Figure 42 THE LNG CHAIN COST REDUCTIONS
- LNG STORAGE TANKS
- Technologies for Increasing Capacity
- Thick Inner Tank Material
- High-Performance Radiographic Inspection Technology for Thick Wall
Welds
- Underground LNG Storage Tanks
- Above-Ground LNG Storage Tanks
- Technologies for Reduction In Construction Cost and Period
- High-Strength, Self-Compacting Concrete
- Enlarged Shell Plates
- Self-Elevator Scaffold
- Figure 43 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSTRUCTION COSTS AND LNG TANK CAPACITY
- Quality Control and Assurance System for Concrete Using Information
Technology
- DEMAND BY STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCT
- INTRODUCTION
- Table 80 WORLD LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
DEMAND BY PRODUCT CLASS, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS)
- LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCT CLASS/STORAGE
SEGMENT LINK CHART
- Underground Storage Injection
- Withdrawal from Underground Storage
- LNG STORAGE
- Table 81 LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCT
CLASS/SEGMENT LINK CHART
- LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
PRODUCTS
- COMPRESSION MACHINERY
- ACTUATORS
- ADHESIVES
- AIR SEPARATION UNITS
- ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLES TECHNOLOGIES
- BOIL-OFF GAS HANDLING TECHNOLOGIES
- COATINGS
- COLD BOXES
- COMBUSTION SYSTEMS
- COMPRESSOR and COMPRESSION SYSTEMS
- COUPLING SYSTEMS
- CRYOGENIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS
- ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNITS
- EXPANDERS
- FLANGES AND PIPING
- FLEXIBLE HOSES/HOSES
- FSO/FPSO UNITS
- GAS/OIL/ WATER SEPARATION UNITS
- Gas Pipelines
- GAS PROCESSING SYSTEMS and COMPONENTS
- GAUGES
- HEAT EXCHANGERS/HEAT TRANSFER TECHNOLOGY
- HIGH PRESSURE CYLINDERS
- INSTRUMENTATION
- INSULATION SYSTEMS
- LEVEL MEASUREMENT
- LNG TANKER BERTH AND LNG LOADING ARMS
- METERING/MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
- Pressure and Differential Pressure
- Flow
- Temperature
- Analysis
- Pressure Recording
- Tank Gauging Systems
- PEAK SHAVERS
- PIPE SECTIONS
- PIPE SUPPORTS
- PRESSURE VESSELS (CRYOGENIC)
- PRE-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
- Feedgas Receiving, Liquid Separation, Gas Metering and Pressure
Reduction
- Acid Gas Removal (Carbon Dioxide)
- Gas Dehydration and Carbon Adsorption Units
- PROCESS COMPONENTS
- Pumps/Cryogenic Pumps
- RECONDENSER/FREGERATION/LIQUEFACTION SYSTEMS
- SAFETY EQUIPMENT
- SENSORS, DETECTORS, MONITORING SYSTEMS
- SOLVENTS, LUBRICANTS and OTHER CHEMICALS
- JOINING AND PACKING
- TANKS (FIELD-ERECTED STORAGE)
- TUBES/TUBING
- TURBINES
- VALVES (CRYOGENIC) /REGULATORS
- WELDING/FILLERS
- Table 82 WORLD LNG AND UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY TYPE, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
- LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE SERVICES AND PRODUCTS
- COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT and SERVICES
- DATA ACQUISITION AND MANAGEMENT
- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HARDWARE
- SIMULATION AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
- SOFTWARE
- COMPLIANCE SERVICES
- SAFETY EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES
- ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SERVICES
- MONITORING AND TESTING SERVICES
- BUSINESS CONSULTING
- FINANCIAL LENDING and INVESTORS
- INSURANCE SERVICES
- LEGAL SERVICES
- STAFFING
- REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES
- INSPECTION SERVICES
- MARINE SERVICES
- PEAK SHAVING SERVICES
- R&D SERVICES
- TRAINING
- TRANSPORTATION, CERTIFICATION and CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
- Table 83 WORLD LNG AND NATURAL GAS SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY
TYPE, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
- DEMAND BY STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATION
- INTRODUCTION
- Table 84 WORLD LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2010 (WORKING VOLUME; TCF/YEAR)
- APPLICATION IN UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE
- North America
- Europe
- Asia
- ROW
- Table 85 APPLICATION IN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE BY REGION,
THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- APPLICATION IN INTERNATIONAL LNG TRADE
- Atlantic Basin
- Table 86 LNG APPLICATION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE; EXPORTS BY ATLANTIC
BASIN, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 87 LNG APPLICATION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE; EXPORTS BY PACIFIC
BASIN, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Middle East and the Rest of the World
- Table 88 LNG APPLICATION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE; EXPORTS BY MIDDLE
EAST/ROW BASIN, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- APPLICATION IN MERCHANT LNG SUPPLY
- Table 89 WORLD APPLICATION IN MERCHANT LNG SUPPLY BY TYPE, THROUGH 2010
(TCF/YEAR)
- LNG PEAKSHAVING PLANTS (LIQUEFACTION, STORAGE AND REGASIFICATION
- North America
- Europe
- Asia
- ROW
- Table 90 WORLD LNG APPLICATION IN PEAKSHAVING BY REGION, THROUGH 2010
(TCF/YEAR)
- LNG VEHICLE FUEL
- North America
- Europe
- Asia
- ROW
- Table 91 WORLD LNG APPLICATION IN VEHICLE FUEL BY REGION, THROUGH 2010
(TCF/YEAR)
- LNG SATELITE PLANTS (LNG STORAGE AND REGASIFICATION) BY REGION
- North America
- Europe
- Asia
- ROW
- Table 92 WORLD LNG APPLICATION IN SATELLITE PLANTS BY REGION, THROUGH
2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 93 GLOBAL LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRURE CAPITAL SPENDING
BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
- UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
- UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, BY REGION
- Table 94 WORLD UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INVESTMENT BY REGION,
THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
- NORTH AMERICA
- United States
- Canada
- Mexico
- Table 95 NORTH AMERICA UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INVESTMENT, BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS)
- Table 96 NORTH AMERICA UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE BY COUNTRY,
THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Figure 44 MAP SHOWING TOTALITY OF EUROPEAN-CENTRAL ASIAN PIPELINE NETWORK
- Table 97 EUROPE UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INVESTMENT, THROUGH 2010
($MILLIONS)
- Table 98 EUROPE UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Western Europe
- United Kingdom
- Germany
- Italy
- France
- Netherlands
- Austria
- Denmark
- Spain
- Belgium
- Ireland
- Turkey
- Table 99 WESTERN EUROPE UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INVESTMENT,
THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS)
- CENTRAL/ EASTERN EUROPE/ CIS
- Russia
- Ukraine
- Czech Republic
- Uzbekistan
- Kazakhstan
- Hungary
- Slovakia
- Latvia
- Poland
- Romania
- Azerbaijan
- Belarus
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Armenia
- Serbia
- Georgia
- Table 100 EASTERN EUROPE/CIS UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INVESTMENT,
THROUGH 2010 ($MILLION)
- ASIA
- Japan
- Australia
- China
- India
- Table 101 ASIA UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INVESTMENT, THROUGH 2010
($MILLION)
- Table 102 ASIAN DEMAND FOR UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE BY REGION,
THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- ROW
- Central /South America
- Africa
- Middle East
- Table 103 REST OF WORLD DEMAND FOR UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE BY
REGION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- DEMAND FOR MARINE LNG TANKER (SHIP) INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
- Table 104 LNG SHARE OF NATURAL GAS PORTFOLIO BY COUNTRY, 2005 (%)
- Table 105 WORLD INVESTMENT BY SHIPPING ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010
($MILLIONS)
- DEMAND FOR SHIPPING CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS FOR LNG INFRASTRUCTURE
TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 45 MORSE-SPHERICAL LNG TANKER SHIP (TOP) AND PRISMATIC TANKER
SHIP (BELOW)
- Table 106 COMPARISON OF LNG CARGO CONTAINMENT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
- Table 107 WORLD DEMAND FOR LNG TANKER TRANSPORTATION BY CONTAINMENT
TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- MARINE LNG SHIP INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY REGION
- Table 108 WORLD MARINE LNG SHIP INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY REGION,
THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
- EAST OF SUEZ LNG SHIP INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS
- Asia-Pacific
- Middle East
- Australia
- Table 109 EAST OF SUEZ LNG TANKER INVESTMENTS REQUIREMENTS, THROUGH 2010
($ BILLIONS)
- WEST OF SUEZ LNG SHIP INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS
- Mediterranean Supply
- Sub-Saharan African Supply
- Caribbean Supply
- Table 110 WEST OF SUEZ LNG TANKER INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS, THROUGH
2010 ($ BILLIONS)
- LNG RECEIVING AND REGASIFICATION STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
- Table 111 INVESTMENT BY RECEIVING TERMINAL ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH
2010 ($MILLIONS)
- LNG RECEIVING TERMINAL STORAGE TANK INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY TYPE
- Single Containment
- Double Containment
- Full Containment
- Membrane
- Table 112 WORLD DEMAND FOR LNG INFRASTRUCTURE BY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY,
THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
- LNG RECEIVING/REGASIFICATION STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY
REGION
- Table 113 WORLD LNG RECEIVING/REGASIFICATION STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
INVESTMENT BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
- Figure 46 EXISTING AND PROPOSED NORTH AMERICAN LNG IMPORT TERMINALS
- Figure 47 POTENTIAL NORTH AMERICAN LNG RECEIVING TERMINALS
- Table 114 U.S. LNG IMPORTS, THROUGH 2010 (BILLION CUBIC FEET/DAY)
- Table 115 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG IMPORT
TERMINALS IN THE LOWER 48 U.S. STATES (AS OF APRIL 27, 2005)
- Figure 48 ACTIVE U.S. LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FACILITIES
- Table 116 CANADA' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 117 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG INPORT
TERMINALS IN WESTERN EUROPE (BCF, AS OF JUNE 2004)
- France
- Spain
- Italy
- Belgium
- Greece
- Portugal
- Netherlands
- United Kingdom
- Germany
- Turkey
- Table 118 EUROPEAN LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Figure 49 LNG LIQUEFACTION AND IMPORT TERMINALS IN ASIA-PACIFIC
- Table 119 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG INPORT
TERMINALS IN ASIA (BCF)
- Table 120 JAPAN LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 121 SOUTH KOREAN LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 122 TAIWAN LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 123 NEW ZEALAND LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 124 CHINA' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 125 INDIA' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 126 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG IMPORT
TERMINALS IN THE REST OF THE WORLD (BCF)
- Central and South America
- Mexico
- Table 127 MEXICO' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 128 BAHAMAS' LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 129 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 130 PUERTO RICO' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 131 HONDURAS' LNG IMPORT TERMINAL CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 132 BRAZIL' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- LNG LIQUEFATION STORAGE CAPACITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
- NEAR AND LONG-TERM GLOBAL LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY SEGMENTATION AND
DOMINATION
- Segmentation By Basin
- Table 133 GLOBAL LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY AND UTILIZATION RATE, THROUGH
2010 (MILLION TONNES PER YEAR)
- Table 134 NEAR-TERM AND LONG-TERM LNG SUPPLY DOMINATION BY POLITICS,
THROUGH 2020 (%)
- THE LNG LIQUEFATION PLANT
- Figure 50 SCHEMATIC OF LNG LIQUEFACTION AND STORAGE FACILITY
- Table 135 LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE INVESTMENT BY ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY,
THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
- DEMAND FOR LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY REGION
- Table 136 WORLD LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, BY
REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 137 NORTH AMERICA LNG LIQUEFACTION STORGAE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 138 EUROPE LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 139 AUSTRALIA' S LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 140 INDONESIA' S LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 141 MALAYSIA' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 142 BRUNEI' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- ROW
- South and Central America
- Trinidad & Tobago
- Table 143 TRINIDAD & TOBAGO' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY
(MMT/YEAR)
- Table 144 BOLIVIA' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 145 VENEZUELA' S LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 146 PERU' S LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 147 BRAZIL' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 148 ALGERIA' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/Y)
- Table 149 NIGERIA' S LNG EXPORTS (MILLION TONNES/YEAR)
- Table 150 NIGERIAN LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 151 EGYPT' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 152 LIBYIAN LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 153 ANGOLAN LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 154 EQUATORIAL GUINEA' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY
(MMT/YEAR)
- Table 155 OMAN LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 156 IRAN' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 157 ABU DHABI LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 158 QATAR' S LNG LIQUECATION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 159 YEMEN' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- ECONOMICS OF LNG LIQUEFACTION PLANTS
- ECONOMICS OF BASE-LOAD LNG LIQUEFACTION PLANTS
- Table 160 BASELOAD LNG LIQUEFACTION PLANT COSTS
- Table 161 THE RELATIVE LIQUEFACTION PLANT COSTS (MILLION EURO)
- ECONOMICS OF PEAKSHAVING AND VEHICLE FUEL LNG PLANT ECONOMICS
- Table 162 THE RELATIVE MERCHANT LIQUEFACTION PLANT COSTS
- HEALTH and SAFETY OF LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- Table 163 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF LIQUID FUELS
- Table 164 SELECTED SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL GAS AND RELATED
PRODUCTS
- LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRATRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
- Table 165 LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT
- NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE PROdUCT DEVELOPMENTs and IMPORTANT
APPROACHes
- Table 166 LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENTS/IMPORTANT APPROACHES
- LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE PROCESS APPLICATION
- Table 167 NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE PROCESS/APPLICATION
- EMERGING and NEW LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY
- LNG STORAGE TANK WELD INSPECTIONS
- COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG)
- Votrans
- Coselle CNG Technology
- RAISING THE ROOF OF AN LNG STORAGE TANKS
- NEW LNG CONTAINMENT SYSTEM
- Figure 51 NEW PROPRIETARY PRISM/PYRAMID TANK CONCEPT FOR LARGE LNG
CARRIERS
- THE MODULAR LNG STORAGE SYSTEM
- NEW METHOD FOR SELF FILLING POLY-URETHANE FORM (PUF) WITH SIMULTENEOUS
MESH LINING
- LNG STORAGE TANK CAPACITY
- OCEAN LNG DESIGN
- Figure 52 THE OCEAN PROPRIETARY LNG STORAGE TANK
- OFFSHORE LNG STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
- DOE Support
- Figure 53 CGI' S PRPOSED TECHNOLOGY FOR LNG IMPORT AND STORAGE BASED ON
THE BISHOP PROCESS
- OFFSHORE GRAVITY-BASED STURCTURE
- LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY COMPANY
- Table 168 INVESTMENT BY TYPE OF NATURAL GAS STORAGE, THROUGH 2010 ($
BILLIONS)
- INVESTMENTS IN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- TRANSCANADA
- DOMINION
- EL PASO
- KINDER MORGAN
- ENI
- GDF
- GASUNIE
- GAZPROM
- OTHERS
- E.ON
- Ukrtransgas
- Chevron Global Solutions
- Table 169 UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY
COMPANY, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
- LNG INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS
- BRITISH PETROLEUM
- ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL
- EXXONMOBIL
- TOTALFINAELF
- CHEVROnTEXACO
- CONOCoPHILLIPS
- OTHER
- Table 170 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY MAJOR COMPANY, THROUGH 2010
($ BILLIONS)
- Table 171 STATE-OWNED COMPANIES
- Table 172 PRIVATE OIL AND GAS COMPANIES
- Table 173 GAS/POWER COMPANIES
- Table 174 STATE-OWNED OIL/GAS COMPANIES
- Table 175 CHEMICAL COMPANIES
- LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE PATENT EVALUATION AND
LEADERS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BY COMPANY
- OIL AND GAS (EXCLUDING LNG) PATENTS
- Table 176 OIL AND GAS PATENTS BY COMPANY TYPE CATEGORY, THROUGH 2004
- OIL AND GAS PATENT EVALUATION BY COMPANY
- SUPERMAJORS
- Table 177 OIL AND GAS PATENTS BY SUPERMAJORS, THROUGH 2004
- Table 178 OIL AND GAS PATENTS BY MAJOR SERVICE SUPPLY COMPANY THROUGH
2004
- LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PATENTS
- Royal Dutch/Shell
- British Petroleum
- ChevronTexaco
- ConocoPhillips
- ExxonMobil
- Air Products and Chemicals
- Hitachi
- Chart Industries
- Other
- Table 179 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PATENTS/R&D LEADERS BY COMPANY, THROUGH 2004
- TRENDS IN LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- TRENDS IN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE
- TRENDS IN DEVELOPING GAS INDUSTRIES
- TRENDS IN DEVELOPED GAS INDUSTRIES
- TRENDS IN UNDERGROUND STORAGE FACILITIES WORLDWIDE
- Table 180 TRENDS IN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE IN THE WORLD
- TRENDS IN NUMBER OF LNG IMPORTING AND EXPORTING COUNTRIES
- CHALLENGES FOR BUYERS
- CHALLENGES FOR SUPPLIERS
- CONTRACTUAL AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES LIMIT SPOT CARGOES TO U.S.
TERMINALS
- Table 181 TRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF LNG IMPORTERS/EXPORTERS, 1960-2010
(NUMBER)
- North America
- Europe
- Asia
- Table 182 TRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF LNG IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS BY REGION,
1960-2010
- TRENDS IN GLOBAL NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
- Trends In Global Natural Gas Production
- Figure 54 TRENDS IN NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION BY REGION, 1970-2004 (BILLION
CUBIC METERS/YEAR)
- Trends in Global Natural Gas Consumption
- Figure 55 TRENDS IN NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION BY REGION, 1965-2004
(BILLION CUBIC METERS/YEAR)
- Trends in Global LNG Trade
- Figure 56 TRENDS IN GLOBAL LNG TRADE, 1970-2003 (BILLION CUBIC METERS)
- TRENDS IN LNG TANKER, LIQUEFACTION TRAIN CAPACITY AND COSTS
- Trends in Carrier, Liquefaction Train Capacity
- Figure 57 TRENDS IN LNG CARRIER, LIQUEFACTION TRAIN CAPACITY (1,000
CUBIC METERS)
- Table 183 TRENDS IN LNG TANKER COSTS
COMPANY PROFILES
- LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE REGULATORY AGENCIES
- THE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD
- THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
- THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION
- THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
- THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
- LNG RECEIVING TERMINAL OPERATORS
- DOMINION TRANSMISSION, INC.
- AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER CO.
- FPL GROUP
- ELECTRABEL
- KOREA ELECTRIC
- ENEL SPA
- IBERDROLA SA
- TOKYO ELECTRIC
- AES CORPORATION
- KANSAI ELECTRIC
- TOKYO GAS
- MIDSTREAM UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE COMPANIES
- ABS
- WGL HOLDINGS, INC.
- TECO ENERGY INC.
- PUGET ENERGY, INC.
- EXELON CORP.
- CONSTALLATION ENERGY GROUP INC.
- ATMOS ENERGY CORP.
- ENCANA
- WISCONSON ENERGY CORP.
- TRANSCANADA CORPORATION
- SCANA CORPORATION
- NORTHEAST UTILITIES
- NISOURCE, INC.
- ENERGEN CORPORATION
- WILLIAMS COMPANIES INC.
- UGI CORPORATION
- NATIONAL FUEL GAS COMPANY
- ENCANA GAS STORAGE INC.
- GAZPROM
- UKRTRANSGAZ
- LNG STORAGE TANKS
- MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES LTD.
- OSAKA GAS
- KOGAS GAS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
- CHICAGO BRIDGE & IRON COMPANY (CB&I)
- KAWASAKI KISEN KAISHA, LTD
- OFFSHORE LNG TERMINALS
- EXCELERATE ENERGY
- MARINTEK (USA) INC.
- BLUEWATER
- EL PASO GLOBAL LNG
- COMPRESSION MACHINERY
- SIEMENS AG
- GE POWER Systems
- ADHESIVES
- AIR SEPARATION UNITS
- ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLES TECHNOLOGIES
- BOIL-OFF GAS HANDLING TECHNOLOGIES
- COLD BOXES
- AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.
- COMBUSTION SYSTEMS
- COUPLING SYSTEMS
- CRYOGENIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS
- ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNITS
- EXPANDERS
- EBARA INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
- FLANGES and PIPING
- INTERNATIONAL STEEL SUPPLIES INC.
- FLEXIBLE HOSES/HOSES
- FSO/FPSO UNITS
- BLUEWATER ENERGY SERVICES B.V.
- GAS/OIL/ WATER SEPARATION UNITS
- GAS PROCESSING SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS
- MARLBORO ENTERPRISES, INC.
- HEAT EXCHANGERS/HEAT TRANSFER TECHNOLOGY
- INSULATION (CRYOGENIC) SYSTEMS
- LNG TANKER BERTH AND LNG LOADING ARMS
- FMC TECHNOLOGIES
- ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND LOADING AS
- FMC CORPORATION
- LNG PEAKSHAVING AND SATELLITE SYSTEMS
- CH-IV CRYOGENICS CORPORATION
- CLEAN ENERGY FUELS CORP.
- GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE (GTI)
- CROYOGENIC INDUSTRIES
- MARLIN GAS TRANSPORT, INC.
- UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (U.S. DOE)
- PIPE SECTIONS
- PIPE SUPPORTS
- NAVARRO CHEMICALS PTY, LTD.
- PRESSURE VESSELS (CRYOGENIC)
- CROMPTON TECHNOLOGY GROUP, LTD.
- CRYOGENIC PUMPS
- TURBINES
- FLOW METERS, FLOW COMPUTERS & FLOW INDICATORS
- INVENSYS
- EMERSON PROCESS MANAGEMENT
- SAGE METERING, INC.
- YOKOGAWA CORPORATION OF AMERICA
- IMPCO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- SIEMENS ENERGY & AUTOMATION, INC.
- ALICAT SCIENTIFIC
- ANALYZERS, DETECTORS, SENSORS, CONTROLS & INSTRUMENTATION
- PARKER INSTRUMENTATION
- DAVIDSON INSTRUMENTS
- EXTECH INSTRUMENTS, INC.
- OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH DYNAMICS
- LNG VALUE CHAIN COMPANIES
- SEMPRA ENERGY LNG CORP
- EXXONMOBIL CORP.
- ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL PETROLEUM COMPANY
- BP PLC
- TOTALFINAELF SA
- CHEVRONTEXACO CORP.
- ENI SPA
- REPSOL-YPF SA
- CONOCOPHILLIPS
- BG GROUP
- NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION and PRODUCTION COMPANIES
- MARATHON OIL COMPANY
- E.ON AG
- SERVICE SUPPLY COMPANIES
- SCHLUMBERGER
- DEN NORSKE STATS OLJESELSKAP AS (STATOIL)
- HALLIBURTON CO.
- AMEC PROCESS AND ENERGY LTD.
- ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES
- ABS
- CHICAGO BRIDGE & IRON COMPANY
- STORK ENGINEERS AND CONTRACTORS BV
- PITT-DES MOINES, INC.
- FLUOR DANIEL
- ABB LUMMUS GLOBAL GmbH
- BAKER HUGHES, INC.
- BLACK AND VEATCH PRITCHARD, INC.
- INVESTMENT ADVISORY COMPANIES
- LNG SHIP CONSTRUCTION & PROPULSION SYSTEMS
- HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
- DAEWOO SHIPBUILDING & MARINE ENGINEERING COMPANY
- MCDERMOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
- ISHIKAWAJIMA-HARIMA HEAVY INDUSTRIES
- MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES (MHI)
- MITSUI ENGINEERING AND SHIPBUILDING COMPANY
- CHANTIERS DE L' ATLANTIQUE
- IZAR CONSTRUCCIONES NAVALES S.A.
- LNG TANKER OPERATORS
- LNG PROCESS TECHNOLOGY LICENSORS
- AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.
- TECHNIP
- LINDE
- LEGAL ADVISARY SERVICE
- FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS
- MARIOFF CORPORATION OY
- PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
- FLARE SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
- ELMAC GROUP
- ABB GAS TECHNOLOGY AS
- HYDRAULICS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL EQUIPMENT
- BHP PETROLEUM (BHPP) PTY LTD
- HYDROGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGY
- PIC ENERGY GROUP
- ASAMS LTD.
- LIFTING EQUIPMENT, CRANES AND WINCHES
- INGERSOLL-RAND
- HYDRALIFT ASA
- MOLDECRANE
- LIGHTING
- CEAG SICHERHEITSTECHNIK GMBH
- CHINA LIGHT & POWER HOLDINGS
- LININGS, SEALS, AND GASKETS
- BAL SEAL ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC.
- PIPELINES AND PIPING COMPONENTS
- CECO PIPELINE SERVICES COMPANY, INC.
- 3M
- NKT FLEXIBLES
- WELD-TECH MANUFACTURING LTD
- TIMET (TITANIUM METALS CORPORATION)
- POWER GENERATION AND PROPULSION MACHINERY
- PROCESSING AND SEPARATION SYSTEMS
- FOSTER WHEELER CORPORATION
- PETRECO INTERNATIONAL
- CHICAGO BRIDGE & IRON COMPANY
- KVAERNER PROCESS SYSTEMS
- MINOX TECHNOLOGY AS
- PROJECT MANAGEMENT, CONSULTANCY AND CERTIFICATION
- ABS MARINE SERVICES
- MULTIPHASE SOLUTIONS, INC.
- SCHLUMBERGER OILFIELD SERVICES
- VIKING ENERGY ROYALTY TRUST
- PUMPS (NON-CRYOGENIC)
- RECRUITMENT AND PERSONNEL
- OMEGA SELECTION SERVICES LTD
- ROCK DUMPING
- SEISMIC MONITORING
- OMNI ENERGY SERVICES
- PETROPHYSICS, INC.
- TIDELANDS GEOPHYSICAL CO.
- STEEL, SPECIAL METALS AND WELDING
- WEIR MATERIALS & FOUNDERIES
- KRUPP THYSSEN NIROSTA (KTN)
- SUPPORT VESSELS, SUPPLY AND CONTAINERS
- SURPLUS AND USED EQUIPMENT
- ACM ENGINEERING, LTD
- ZEUS SALES & SERVICES LTD
- SURVIVAL, SAFETY AND PROTECTION
- BRADY CORPORATION
- SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES
- GEXCON
- WELL EQUIPMENT
LIST OF TABLES
- Table A FREQUENTLY USED CONVERSTIONS
- Table B TYPICAL VAPOR-LIQUID CONVERSIONS*
- Table C CONVERSION FACTORS
Summary Table:
- GLOBAL LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRURE CAPITAL SPENDING BY
SEGMENT, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
- Table 1 GLOBAL LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL
GLOBAL DEMAND, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 2 OVERVIEW OF THE IMPORTANCE OF STORAGE IN THE NATURAL GAS VALUE
CHAIN
- Table 3 TYPICAL FIRM STORAGE COSTS
- Table 4 OVERVIEW OF NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL COST
BREAKDOWN, 2002-2005
- Table 5 OVERVIEW OF WORLD KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS, 2002-2010 (GROWTH, %)
- Table 6 OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LNG TRADE BY TYPE OF CONTRACT THROUGH
2010 (%)
- Table 7 OVERVIEW OF WORLD DEMAND FOR UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE BY
REGION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 8 NUMBER OF LNG SHIPS, ON ORDER, TOTAL CAPACITY AND SHIP COST,
THROUGH 2010
- Table 9 OVERVIEW OF LNG IMPORTERS BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 10 OVERVIEW OF LNG EXPORTERS BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 11 OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FEEDSTOCK, THROUGH
2010 (QUADRILLION BTU/YEAR)
- Table 12 OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES, 2002-2005
- Table 13 OVERVIEW OF NICKEL AND STEEL METAL PRICES, THROUGH 2005 (INDEX;
JANUARY 1998=1.0)
- Table 14 ALUMINUM, COBALT, COPPER, ZINC, TIN, CHROMIUM AND MOLYBDENUM
METAL FORECAST, THROUGH 2005 (¢/LB)
- Table 15 RELATIVE COST COMPARISON OF GAS STORAGE TYPES USING LIQUEFIED
PETROLEUM GAS AS AN EXAMPLE
- Table 16 OVERVIEW OF THE OPERATING COST COMPONENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS
STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2010 ($/MMBTU)
- Table 17 OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL SPENDING BY
SEGMENT, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
- Table 18 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN BASE-LOAD LNG PLANT (%)
- Table 19 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN LNG VESSEL (%)
- Table 20 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN BASE-LOAD LNG REGAS PLANT (%)
- Table 21 COST COMPONENTS OF UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE (%)
- Table 22 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN PEAKSHAVING AND SATELLITE LNG PLANT
(%)
- Table 23 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE BUSINESS
- Table 24 WORLD LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE, FORECAST
THROUGH 2010 (WORKING VOLUME; TCF/YEAR)
- Table 25 OVERVIEW OF AVERAGE CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PRICES, WITH
FORECASTS, THROUGH 2010
- Table 26 NATURAL GAS STORAGE TARRIF RATES, 2005
- Table 27 MONTHLY CONTRACT VALUES FOR NATURAL GAS FUTURES ($/MMBTU)
- Table 28 EXTRINSIC VALUE OF NATURAL GAS STORAGE, 2005 ($)
- Table 29 FLEXIBILITY SEGMENTATION
- Table 30 APPROXIMATE LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE COSTS FOR VARIOUS
OPTIONS (AT GAS PRICE ABOUT EURO 0.1/M3)
- Table 31 ESTIMATED TRANSPORT COSTS FOR STORED LNG AND NATURAL GAS
VOLUME, 2005
- Table 32 PROXIMITY TO CUSTOMER IS A KEY TO LNG SPOT SALES
- Table 33 LNG SAILING DAYS
- Table 34 U.S. HEATING DEGREE DAYS (WEEKLY COMPARISON OF 2006 VS. 2005
AND NORMAL)
- Table 35 U.S. WEEKLY ELECTRICITY OUTPUT (GIGAWATT HOURS)
- Table 36 ESTIMATED U.S. WORKING NATURAL GAS IN UNDERGROUND STORAGE
(BILLION CUBIC FEET)
- Table 37 ESTIMATED CANADIAN WORKING NATURAL GAS IN STORAGE (BILLION
CUBIC FEET)
- Table 38 NYMEX HENRY HUB NATURAL GAS FUTURES ($/MMBTU)
- Table 39 U.S. DRY NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION (MILLION CUBIC FEET)
- Table 40 CAPITAL AND EXPLORATION EXPENDITURES FOR SELECT COMPANIES,
THROUGH 2002-2005 ($ BILLION/YEAR)
- Table 41 COMPOSITE SPOT NATURAL GAS PRICE FORECAST (12-REGION
VOLUME-WEIGHTED PRICES; IN $/MMBTU)
- Table 42 WELLS DRILLED BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2002-2005 (NUMBER)
- Table 43 WORLDWIDE GDP AND GDP GROWTH (%)
- Table 44 AVERAGE CRUDE OIL AND PRODUCTS PRICES THROUGH 2005
- Table 45 GLOBAL EXISTING LNG STORAGE CAPACITY, DAILY SEND-OUT CAPACITY
(2005) AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG IMPORT TERMINALS, 2005-2010
- Table 46 NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE MARKET, SHARE OF LEADING
COMPANIES BY PRODUCT, 2005 (%)
- Table 47 GLOBAL SEGMENTATION IN STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY
STORAGE TYPE, THROUGH 2010 ($BILLIONS/YEAR)
- Table 48 MARKET PLAYERS AND SHARES OF WORKING GAS CAPACITY IN THE UNITED
STATES (% SHARES)
- Table 49 NORTH AMERICAN UGS COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005
- Table 50 NORTH AMERICAN LNG STORAGE COMPETITION BY OWNER, 2005 (CUBIC
METERS)
- Table 51 WESTERN EUROPEAN UGS COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005 (MLLION CUBIC
METERS)
- Table 52 WESTERN EUROPEAN LNG STORAGE COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005
(CUBIC METERS)
- Table 53 INVESTMENTS IN PRIVATIZED CENTRAL EUERPEAN GAS COMPANIES
- Table 54 EASTERN EUROPEAN/CIS UGS COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005 (BILLION
CUBIC FEET)
- Table 55 ASIAN UGS COMPETITION BY COUNTRY/COMPANY, 2005 (BILLION CUBIC
FEET)
- Table 56 ASIAN LNG STORAGE COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005 (CUBIC METERS)
- Table 57 ROW UGS COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005E (BILLION CUBIC FEET)
- Table 58 ROW LNG STORAGE COMPETITION BY COMPANY, 2005E
- Table 59 EARNINGS (BEFORE INTEREST AND TAXES) OF SELECTED LNG PLAYERS,
THROUGH THROUGH 2005 ($MILLIONS)
- Table 60 EARNINGS (BEFORE INTEREST AND TAXES) OF SELECTED UNDERGROUND
NATURAL GAS PLAYERS, THROUGH 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 61 GROSS PROFIT OF MAJOR LNG PLAYERS, THROUGH 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 62 GROSS PROFIT OF MAJOR UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PLAYERS,
THROUGH 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 63 UNDERGOUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT "ENTRY FEE," 2005
($/1,000 CUBIC FEET OF WORKING GAS)
- Table 64 GREENFIELD AND EXPANSION LNG PROJECT "ENTRY FEE," FOR SELECTED
PRODUCING COUNTRIES, 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 65 DEVELOPMENT COST OF UNDERGROUND WORKING GAS STORAGE, 2005 ($
MILLIONS)
- Table 66 UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE DEVELOPMENT COSTS, 2005
- Table 67 COMPARATIVE REGIONAL LNG ECONOMICS FOR GREEFIELD FACILITIES,
2005 ($/1000 CUBIC FEET)
- Table 68 HYPOTHETICAL PROJECT LIST
- Table 69 PROJECTS RANKED BY INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY
- Table 70 INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY BY MARKET SEGEMENT
- Table 71 IMPORTANT SHIFTS/TRENDS IN NATURAL GAS BUSINESS, THROUGH 2005
(%)
- Table 72 COMPANY RESULTS OF SELECTED UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS PLAYERS,
THROUGH 2005 (REVENUE: $ MILLION/YEAR)
- Table 73 U.S. BASED OIL AND GAS FIRMS' REVENUES, THROUGH 2005 ($
MILLIONS/YEAR)
- Table 74 COMPANY RESULTS FOR THE WORLD' S TOP SERVICE SUPPLY COMPANIES,
THROUGH 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 75 COMPANY RESULTS FOR THE WORLD' S MAJOR OIL AND NATURAL GAS
COMPANIES OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES, THROUGH 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 76 COMPANY RESULTS FOR THE WORLD' S TOP STATE-OWNED OIL AND NATURAL
GAS COMPANIES OUTSIDE THE U.S., THROUGH 2004 ($MILLIONS)
- Table 77 COMPANY RESULTS FOR GAS STORAGE INSTRUMENTATION SUPPLIERS,
THROUGH 2005 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 78 DEMAND FOR LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING
BY TYPE, THROUGH 2010 ($BILLIONS)
- Table 79 ESTIMATED WEEKLY SEASONAL FACTORS
- Table 80 WORLD LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
DEMAND BY PRODUCT CLASS, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS)
- Table 81 LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCT
CLASS/SEGMENT LINK CHART
- Table 82 WORLD LNG AND UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY TYPE, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 83 WORLD LNG AND NATURAL GAS SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY
TYPE, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 84 WORLD LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2010 (WORKING VOLUME; TCF/YEAR)
- Table 85 APPLICATION IN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE BY REGION,
THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 86 LNG APPLICATION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE; EXPORTS BY ATLANTIC
BASIN, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 87 LNG APPLICATION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE; EXPORTS BY PACIFIC
BASIN, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 88 LNG APPLICATION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE; EXPORTS BY MIDDLE
EAST/ROW BASIN, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 89 WORLD APPLICATION IN MERCHANT LNG SUPPLY BY TYPE, THROUGH 2010
(TCF/YEAR)
- Table 90 WORLD LNG APPLICATION IN PEAKSHAVING BY REGION, THROUGH 2010
(TCF/YEAR)
- Table 91 WORLD LNG APPLICATION IN VEHICLE FUEL BY REGION, THROUGH 2010
(TCF/YEAR)
- Table 92 WORLD LNG APPLICATION IN SATELLITE PLANTS BY REGION, THROUGH
2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 93 GLOBAL LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRURE CAPITAL SPENDING
BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
- Table 94 WORLD UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INVESTMENT BY REGION,
THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
- Table 95 NORTH AMERICA UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INVESTMENT, BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS)
- Table 96 NORTH AMERICA UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE BY COUNTRY,
THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 97 EUROPE UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INVESTMENT, THROUGH 2010
($MILLIONS)
- Table 98 EUROPE UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 99 WESTERN EUROPE UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INVESTMENT,
THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS)
- Table 100 EASTERN EUROPE/CIS UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INVESTMENT,
THROUGH 2010 ($MILLION)
- Table 101 ASIA UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INVESTMENT, THROUGH 2010
($MILLION)
- Table 102 ASIAN DEMAND FOR UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE BY REGION,
THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 103 REST OF WORLD DEMAND FOR UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE BY
REGION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 104 LNG SHARE OF NATURAL GAS PORTFOLIO BY COUNTRY, 2005 (%)
- Table 105 WORLD INVESTMENT BY SHIPPING ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010
($MILLIONS)
- Table 106 COMPARISON OF LNG CARGO CONTAINMENT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
- Table 107 WORLD DEMAND FOR LNG TANKER TRANSPORTATION BY CONTAINMENT
TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
- Table 108 WORLD MARINE LNG SHIP INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY REGION,
THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
- Table 109 EAST OF SUEZ LNG TANKER INVESTMENTS REQUIREMENTS, THROUGH 2010
($ BILLIONS)
- Table 110 WEST OF SUEZ LNG TANKER INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS, THROUGH 2010
($ BILLIONS)
- Table 111 INVESTMENT BY RECEIVING TERMINAL ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH
2010 ($MILLIONS)
- Table 112 WORLD DEMAND FOR LNG INFRASTRUCTURE BY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY,
THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 113 WORLD LNG RECEIVING/REGASIFICATION STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
INVESTMENT BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
- Table 114 U.S. LNG IMPORTS, THROUGH 2010 (BILLION CUBIC FEET/DAY)
- Table 115 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG IMPORT
TERMINALS IN THE LOWER 48 U.S. STATES (AS OF APRIL 27, 2005)
- Table 116 CANADA' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 117 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG INPORT
TERMINALS IN WESTERN EUROPE (BCF, AS OF JUNE 2004)
- Table 118 EUROPEAN LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 119 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG INPORT
TERMINALS IN ASIA (BCF)
- Table 120 JAPAN LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 121 SOUTH KOREAN LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 122 TAIWAN LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 123 NEW ZEALAND LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 124 CHINA' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 125 INDIA' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 126 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG IMPORT
TERMINALS IN THE REST OF THE WORLD (BCF)
- Table 127 MEXICO' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 128 BAHAMAS' LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 129 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 130 PUERTO RICO' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 131 HONDURAS' LNG IMPORT TERMINAL CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 132 BRAZIL' S LNG IMPORT STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 133 GLOBAL LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY AND UTILIZATION RATE, THROUGH
2010 (MILLION TONNES PER YEAR)
- Table 134 NEAR-TERM AND LONG-TERM LNG SUPPLY DOMINATION BY POLITICS,
THROUGH 2020 (%)
- Table 135 LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE INVESTMENT BY ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY,
THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 136 WORLD LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, BY
REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 137 NORTH AMERICA LNG LIQUEFACTION STORGAE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 138 EUROPE LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 139 AUSTRALIA' S LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 140 INDONESIA' S LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 141 MALAYSIA' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 142 BRUNEI' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (BCF/DAY)
- Table 143 TRINIDAD & TOBAGO' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY
(MMT/YEAR)
- Table 144 BOLIVIA' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 145 VENEZUELA' S LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 146 PERU' S LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 147 BRAZIL' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
- Table 148 ALGERIA' S LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/Y)
- Table 149 NIGERIA' S LNG EXPORTS (MILLION TONNES/YEAR)
- Table 150 NIGERIAN LNG LIQUEFACTION STORAGE CAPACITY (MMT/YEAR)
LIST OF FIGURES
Summary Figure:
- GLOBAL LNG AND NATURAL GAS STORAGE INFRASTRURE CAPITAL SPENDING BY
SEGMENT, 2002-2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
- Figure 1 TYPES OF UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE FACILITIES
- Figure 2 STORAGE ALONG THE NATURAL GAS CHAIN
- Figure 3 INTEGRATION OF LNG AND UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- Figure 4 STORAGE ALONG THE LNG INFRASTRUCTURE CHAIN
- Figure 5 RECEIVING/REGASIFICATION PORT LNG STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
CONFIGURATION
- Figure 6 MONTHLY NATURAL GAS PRICES (HENRY HUB; $/MMBTU)
- Figure 7 NATURAL GAS SUPPLY AND STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK
- Figure 8 CITY GATE NATURAL GAS PRICE ($/1,000 CUBIC FEET) AND PRICE OF
WEST TEXAS INTERMEDIATE CRUDE OIL DIVIDED BY 6, 2001-2006
- Figure 9 NYMEX NATURAL GAS FUTURES NEAR-MONTH CONTRACT SETTLEMENT
- Figure 10 LEAST COST PLANNING FOR NATURAL GAS STORAGE
- Figure 11 TYPICAL DAILY GAS DEMAND PROFILE DURING THE YEAR
- Figure 12 SCHEMATIC ANNUAL DEMAND AND PRODUCTION AND USE OF SEASONAL
STORAGE
- Figure 13 THREE BY-PRODUCT PROPANE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
- Figure 14 STORAGE TARIFFS IN NORTH WEST EUROPE, 2005
- Figure 15 EFFECT OF WINTER NATURAL GAS USAGE ON PIPELINE CAPACITY COSTS
- Figure 16 SHORT-TERM NATURAL GAS PRICE DRIVERS
- Figure 17 NATURAL GAS PRICES AND THE EFFECT OF HURICANES IVAN AND
KATRINA PLUS RITA
- Figure 18 AVERAGE CONSUMER PRICE OF NATURAL GAS IN THE U
- Figure 19 COST OF NATURAL GAS AROUND THE WORLD, 2005
- Figure 20 2006 HEATING DEGREE DAYS VS
- Figure 21 UNITED STATES UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE AND TRENDLINE
- Figure 22 YEAR-OVER-YEAR DEFICIT AND 5-YEAR SURPLUS IN STORAGE
- Figure 23 NET NATURAL GAS FUTURES AND OPTIONS POSITIONS, JANUARY
2003-DECEMBER 2005
- Figure 24 U
- Figure 25 CANADIAN RIG COUNT
- FigureS 24 AND 25 (CONTINUED)
- Figure 26 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF GAS INJECTION AND WITHDRAWAL
INSTRUMENTATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN AN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE
RESERVOIR
- Figure 27 DETAILS OF A FULL CONTAINMENT ABOVE-GROUND LNG STORAGE TANK
- Figure 28 DETAILS OF A FULL CONTAINMENT IN-GROUND LNG STORAGE TANK
- Figure 29 LNG CARGO CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS
- Figure 30 CONCENTRATION OF WORKING CAPACITY OF UGS IN EUROPE BY COUNTRY,
2005 (%)
- Figure 31 PRICE TO EARNINGS RATIO (P/E) PREDICTION
- Figure 32 LNG SUPPLY CHAIN UNDER FERC' S "OPEN-ACCESS' ' REGIME
- Figure 33 LNG SUPPLY CHAIN UNDER FERC' S NEW "NON-OPEN ACCESS' ' REGIME
- Figure 34 ACTUAL AND IMPLIED NATURAL GAS PRICES USING 10-TO-1 AND 6-TO-1
RULES OF THUMB
- Figure 35 ACTUAL AND IMPLIED NATURAL GAS PRICES USING BURNER-TIP PARITY
AND FITTED VALUES
- Figure 36 NATURAL GAS IN STORAGE ABOVE SEASONAL AVERAGE
- Figure 37 ACTUAL AND IMPLIED NATURAL GAS PRICES INCORPORATING SEASONAL
FACTORS AND STORAGE CONDITIONS
- Figure 38 UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE IN OIL OR GAS FIELD
- Figure 39 SOLUTION MINED SALT CAVITY
- Figure 40 SOLUTION MINED CAVITY IN THIN SALT LAYERS
- Figure 41 LINED ROCK CAVERN
- Figure 42 THE LNG CHAIN COST REDUCTIONS
- Figure 43 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSTRUCTION COSTS AND LNG TANK CAPACITY
- Figure 44 MAP SHOWING TOTALITY OF EUROPEAN-CENTRAL ASIAN PIPELINE NETWORK
- Figure 45 MORSE-SPHERICAL LNG TANKER SHIP (TOP) AND PRISMATIC TANKER
SHIP (BELOW)
- Figure 46 EXISTING AND PROPOSED NORTH AMERICAN LNG IMPORT TERMINALS
- Figure 47 POTENTIAL NORTH AMERICAN LNG RECEIVING TERMINALS
- Figure 48 ACTIVE U
- Figure 49 LNG LIQUEFACTION AND IMPORT TERMINALS IN ASIA-PACIFIC
- Figure 50 SCHEMATIC OF LNG LIQUEFACTION AND STORAGE FACILITY
- Figure 51 NEW PROPRIETARY PRISM/PYRAMID TANK CONCEPT FOR LARGE LNG
CARRIERS
- Figure 52 THE OCEAN PROPRIETARY LNG STORAGE TANK
- Figure 53 CGI' S PRPOSED TECHNOLOGY FOR LNG IMPORT AND STORAGE BASED ON
THE BISHOP PROCESS
- Figure 54 TRENDS IN NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION BY REGION, 1970-2004 (BILLION
CUBIC METERS/YEAR)
- Figure 55 TRENDS IN NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION BY REGION, 1965-2004
(BILLION CUBIC METERS/YEAR)
- Figure 56 TRENDS IN GLOBAL LNG TRADE, 1970-2003 (BILLION CUBIC METERS)
- Figure 57 TRENDS IN LNG CARRIER, LIQUEFACTION TRAIN CAPACITY (1,000
CUBIC METERS)
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