Table of Contents
- VOLUME I
- INTRODUCTION
- STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
- REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
- CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
- ANALYSTS CREDENTIALS
- RELATED BCC RESEARCH STUDIES
- DISCLAIMER
- SUMMARY
- Summary Table:
- BIOREFINERY MARKET PENETRATION, THROUGH 2012 ($BILLIONS)
- Summary Figure:
- BIOREFINERY MARKET PENETRATION, 2004-2012 ($BILLIONS)
- OVERVIEW
- INTRODUCTION
- Figure 1 OVERVIEW OF THE BIO-REFINERY VALUE CHAIN
- Figure 2 OVERVIEW OF THE PETRO-REFINERY VALUE CHAIN
- COMPARISON OF BIO-REFINERIES TO PETRO-REFINERIES
- Table 1 COMPARISON OF BIO-REFINERIES TO PETRO-REFINERIES
- RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RESOURCES, FEEDSTOCKS AND INTERMEDIATES IN
FOSSIL-BASED AND BIO-BASED REFINERIES
- Figure 3 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RESOURCES, FEEDSTOCKS AND INTERMEDIATES
IN FOSSIL-BASED AND BIO-BASED REFINERIES
- Table 2 EFFECTIVE DATES FOR ON-HIGHWAY ULSD FUEL
- Sulfur Content
- Petro-Refinery Capacity
- Table 3 GLOBAL PETROLEUM REFINING CAPACITY AND CRUDE PRICE, THROUGH 2012
- Table 4 BIOFUELS MARKET PENETRATION IN TRANSPORTATION FUELS, THROUGH
2012 ($BILLIONS)
- IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL BIOREFINERIES ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
- Table 5 DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL (%)
- THE INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
- IMPACT OF INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY BY MAJOR
ECONOMIC SECTOR
- Figure 4 THE INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
- Table 6 IMPACT OF INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY BY MAJOR
ECONOMIC SECTOR
- DRIVING FORCES FOR THE BIOREFINERY INDUSTRY
- Figure 5 IDEALIZED BIOMASS GROWTH AND MANUFACTURING INFRASTRUCTURE
- GEOPOLITICAL, TECHNICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DRIVERS FOR THE INDUSTRY
- Table 7 GEOPOLITICAL, TECHNICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DRIVERS FOR
BIOREFINERY DEVELOPMENT
- UNITED STATES MACROECONOMIC OVERVIEW
- UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL TRADE
- Table 8 U.S. AGRICULTURAL TRADE, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLION)
- CROPS: SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND PRICE
- Soybean
- Corn
- Wheat
- Cotton
- Rice
- Sugar
- Fruits, Vegetables, Nursery and Greenhouse Products
- Table 9 CROPS ECONOMIC PRICE INDICATORS, THROUGH 2012
- LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS: PRODUCTION, DEMAND AND PRICE
- Table 10 LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS ECONOMIC PRICE INDICATORS,
THROUGH 2012
- FARM INCOME AND GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS
- Gross Cash Income
- Government Payments
- Cash Expenses
- Net Cash Income
- Cash Receipts
- Table 11 FARM INCOME, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
- COST OF PRODUCTION OF BIO-BASED PRODUCTS/MATERIALS
- Table 12 MATERIALS INPUT TO THE UNITED STATES ECONOMY
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
- Table 13 VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS FROM BIOMASS
- CROSSCUTTING IMPACTS OF BIOPROCESSING AND BIOCONVERSION R&D
- Table 14 CROSSCUTTING IMPACTS OF BIOPROCESSING AND BIOCONVERSION R&D
- OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SPENDING
- Table 15 GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SPENDING BY REGION/COUNTRY,
THROUGH 2012 ($ PPP BILLIONS)
- HIGHEST AND LOWEST RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE
- United States
- European Union
- Rest-of the-World
- Table 16 HIGHEST AND LOWEST R&D EXPENDITURE*, 2006
- OVERVIEW OF THE BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS
- Table 17 BIOREFINERY CONVERSION/ PRODUCT OPTIONS, BY PLATFORM TECHNOLOGY
- Table 17 (CONTINUED)
- PHYSICO-CHEMICAL (THE TRADITIONAL) TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
- Figure 6 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROCESSING ROUTES FOR VEGETABLE OILS/ GREASE
- THE BIOTRANSFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
- Figure 7 BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS
- THERMOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
- Figure 8 THE THERMOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
- THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY BIOMASS PROGRAM
- Table 18 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY BIOREFINERY PLATFORMS
- OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR TYPES OF BIOREFINERIES
- Figure 9 THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO FUELS AND CHEMICALS PARALLELS THE
ROUTE CURRENTLY USED BY THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
- FOREST-BASED BIOREFINERIES
- Figure 10 THE INTEGRATED FOREST PRODUCTS BIOREFINERY
- AGRICULTURAL-BASED BIOREFINERY
- Figure 11 AGRICULTURAL BIOREFINERY
- PULP AND PAPER-BASED BIOREFINERY
- Figure 12 PULP AND PAPER REFINERY
- CLASSIFICATION OF BIOMASS AND BIO-PRODUCTS SPECTRUM
- Table 19 CLASSIFICATION OF BIOMASS
- BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS MARKETING STRATEGIES
- CHOICE OF MARKET SEGMENT
- CORE TECHNOLOGIES
- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
- SUPPLY CHAIN DEVELOPMENT
- Figure 13 OVERVIEW OF BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS-PLATFORM AND MAJOR COMPANY
- BIOREFINERY INDUSTRY SEGMENTATION
- SEGMENTATION BY BIOPRODUCT APPLICATION CATEGORY
- Table 20 INCREASE IN WORLDWIDE BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS,
THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
- SEGMENTATION BY MAJOR COMPANY BIOPRODUCT CATEGORY / PRODUCERS
- METABOLIX INC.
- JENEIL BIOSURFACTANT CO
- ADM AND NOVOZYMES
- BUCKMAN LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL
- CARGILL
- DUPONT
- TATE & LYLE
- PROCTER & GAMBLE
- NATURA
- AJINOMOTO
- DEGUSSA
- NOVAMONT
- RODENBURG BIOPOLYMERS
- BIOTEC
- NATIONAL STARCH & CHEMICALS CO.
- AVEBE
- BIOPLASTIC INC.
- BIOAMBER
- TOYOTA
- DOW
- Table 21 SEGMENTATION BY MAJOR COMPANY BIOPRODUCT CATEGORY/PRODUCERS
- Table 21 (CONTINUED)
- Table 21 (CONTINUED)
- CAPITAL INVESTMENTS IN BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK/BUILDING BLOCK
- Table 22 ESTIMATED CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TARGET BIOBASED CHEMICALS
PRODUCED FROM GLUCOSE
- BIO-BASED ALTERNATIVES TO CONVENTIONAL (PETRO-BASED) PRODUCTS
- Figure 14 ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTION PATHWAYS FROM RENEWABLE RAW MATERIALS
TO INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
- Table 23 ENERGY BALANCE
- ALTERNATIVES TO FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCE PRODUCTS: ESSENTIAL OILS/AROMAS
- Essential Oils and Aroma Oils
- Fragrance Oils
- Table 24 SOURCES, DESCRIPTIONS AND COSTS OF NATURAL FLAVORS AND
FRAGRANCES
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- Table 24 (CONTINUED)
- ALTERNATIVES TO FOSSIL FUELS: BIO-BASED TRANSPORTATION FUELS
- Table 25 FUELS, HYDROCARBONS
- FIRST GENERATION AND SECOND GENERATION BIOTRANSPORTATION FUELS
- Figure 15 CURRENT AND EMERGING LIQUID BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGIES
- Ethanol
- Biodiesel
- Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO)
- Biological Hydrogen (Biohydrogen)
- Biogas
- Table 26 FIRST GENERATION BIOFUELS
- Table 27 SECOND GENERATION BIOFUELS
- ALTERNATIVES TO FOSSIL-BASED ENERGY: RENEWABLE ENERGY PATHWAYS
- Figure 16 GENERAL STRUCTURES OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY PATHWAYS
- Biomass Renewable Energy Pathways
- Figure 17 MOST APPROPRIATE ALTERNATIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY PATHWAYS FOR
BIOMASS
- ALTERNATIVES TO FOSSIL-BASED MATERIALS: BIO-BASED POLYMERS/PLASTICS
- Table 28 COMPARISON OF BIOPLASTICS WITH CONVENTIONAL PETROLEUM PLASTICS
- Table 29 COMPARISON OF BIOMER PHB PROPERTIES WITH PP, PS AND PE
- ALTERNATIVES TO FOSSIL-BASED CHEMICALS: BIO-BASED CHEMICALS
- Table 30 LARGE VOLUME BIOBASED CHEMICALS
- Table 30 (CONTINUED)
- Table 31 BIOBASED SPECIALTY CHEMICALS
- IMPORTANCE OF ' ' BIOREFINERY' ' CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
- Figure 18 IMPORTANCE OF ' ' BIOREFINERY' ' CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
- MARKETS AND VALUES FOR POTENTIAL BIOREFINING PRODUCTS
- Table 32 MARKETS AND VALUES FOR POTENTIAL BIOREFINING PRODUCTS, 2005
- WHERE BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS/APPLICATIONS FIT IN THE ECONOMY
- Figure 19 WHERE BIOREFINERIES PRODUCT APPLICATIONS FIT IN THE ECONOMY
- YIELDS AND PRICES OF POTENTIAL AND CONVENTIONAL OIL CROP FEEDSTOCKS
USED FOR CHEMICALS, POLYMERS, FUEL AND ENERGY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN THE
U.S.
- Table 33 YIELDS AND PRICES OF POTENTIAL AND CONVENTIONAL OIL CROP
FEEDSTOCKS USED FOR CHEMICALS, POLYMERS, FUEL AND ENERGY INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTION IN THE U.S.
- Table 33 (CONTINUED)
- SOME WILD OR CULTIVATED PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
ESSENTIAL OILS
- Table 34 LIST OF SOME WILD OR CULTIVATED PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- Table 34 (CONTINUED)
- CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS AND THE PLANT
- Table 35 CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS AND THE PLANT SOURCE
- Table 35 (CONTINUED)
- Table 35 (CONTINUED)
- Table 35 (CONTINUED)
- ALTERNATIVE BIO-BASED BULK CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCK/PRECURSOR
- Table 36 ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCK/ PROCESS FOR BULK CHEMICAL PRODUCTION
- Table 36 (CONTINUED)
- PROPERTIES OF BIAXIALLY ORIENTED FILMS
- Properties of Biaxially ?(Continued)
- Table 37 PROPERTIES OF BIAXIALLY ORIENTED FILMS
- OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL BIOMASS RESOURCES FOR HUMAN USE AND CONSUMPTION
- Table 38 GLOBAL BIOMASS ENERGY POTENTIAL, BY TYPE AND REGION (EJ)
- GLOBAL BIOMASS RESOURCES FOR HUMAN USE AND CONSUMPTION
- Table 39 GLOBAL BIOMASS RESOURCES FOR HUMAN USE AND CONSUMPTION
- Table 39 (CONTINUED)
- BIOREFINING FOR SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
- Figure 20 OVERVIEW OF THE BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK SUPPLY CHAIN
- Table 40 BIOREFINERY CONCEPT/FEEDSTOCK MATRIX
- DEMAND BY TYPE OF BIOREFINERY CONCEPT
- Table 41 DEMAND BY TYPE OF BIOREFINERY CONCEPT, THROUGH 2012
- Table 42 BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK SUPPLY, TYPE AND EXAMPLES
- Table 42 (CONTINUED)
- Agricultural Residue
- Forestry Residue
- Municipal/ Urban Residue
- Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Wastes
- Table 43 AVERAGE HEAT CONTENT OF SELECTED BIOMASS FUELS
- Table 43 (CONTINUED)
- ENERGY CROPS
- Grasses/ Herbaceous Crops
- Short Rotation Woody Crops
- Oil Crops
- Trees
- Table 44 VEGETABLE OIL DESCRIPTIONS
- Table 44 (CONTINUED)
- Table 45 VEGETABLE OIL YIELDS BY CROP, IN ASCENDING ORDER
- Table 45 (CONTINUED)
- Table 46 ANIMAL FAT DESCRIPTIONS
- Table 46 (CONTINUED)
- BIOREFINERY MARKET PENETRATION AND CONCENTRATION BY APPLICATION SEGMENT
- Table 47 BIOREFINERY MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL REFINING, THROUGH 2012
($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
- BIOREFINERY MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL CHEMICALS PRODUCTION
- Table 48 BIOREFINERY DERIVED CHEMICALS / POLYMERS MARKET PENETRATION IN
GLOBAL CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
- BIO-MATERIALS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL MATERIALS
(PLASTICS/POLYMERS)
- Table 49 BIOREFINERY DERIVED MATERIALS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL
PLASTICS/ POLYMERS, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION LBS)
- Table 50 BIOREFINERY DERIVED MATERIALS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL
PLASTICS/POLYMERS, HROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
- BIOELECTRICITY MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION
- Table 51 BIO-DERIVED ELECTRICITY MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, THROUGH 2012 (MW)
- BIOMASS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION
- Table 52 BIOMASS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION,
THROUGH 2012 (QUADRILLION BTU/YEAR)
- Table 53 GLOBAL BIOMASS CONSUMPTION IN RENEWABLE ENERGY, THROUGH 2012
(QUADRILLION BTU)
- BIOREFINERY MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION FUELS
PRODUCTION
- Table 54 BIOFUELS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION FUELS
CONSUMPTION, THROUGH 2012 (VOLUME: BARRELS/DAY)
- PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
- Table 55 PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL
BIOPHARMACEUTICALS CONSUMPTION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS/YEAR)
- ESSENTIAL OILS/NATURAL PRODUCTS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL FLAVORS
AND FRAGRANCES MARKET
- Table 56 FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCE PENETRATION IN GLOBAL NON-FOOD
HERBAL/BOTANICAL MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
- Table 57 NATURAL INGREDIENTS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL FLAVORS AND
FRAGRANCE MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
- Table 58 NATURAL INGREDIENTS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL BODY CARE
MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
- BIOREFINERY MARKET DOMINATION AND GLOBALIZATION
- MARKET DOMINATION BY COUNTRY
- Table 59 BIOREFINERY MARKET DOMINATION BY COUNTRY, 2007
- MARKET DOMINATION BY TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
- Table 60 BIOREFINERY MARKET DOMINATION BY TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM/PRODUCT
GROUP, THROUGH 2012
- BIOREFINERY MARKET GLOBALIZATION
- Table 61 OVERVIEW OF BIOMATERIALS, BIOENERGY AND BIOFUELS CORPORATIONS
WORLDWIDE
- Table 61 (CONTINUED)
- Table 61 (CONTINUED)
- Table 61 (CONTINUED)
- INDUSTRY IN TRANSITION
- COST OF FOSSIL-BASED FEEDSTOCK
- Natural Gas
- Petroleum
- Coal
- Table 62 OVERVIEW OF FOSSIL-BASED FEEDSTOCK COSTS, THROUGH 2012
- COST OF BIO-BASED FEEDSTOCK
- Biomass
- Biofuel Feedstocks
- Table 63 OVERVIEW OF BIO-BASED FEEDSTOCK COSTS, THROUGH 2012
- Table 64 OVERALL EFFICIENCY OF WOOD AND OTHER COMPETING FUELS (%)
- IMPORTANT SHIFTS AND CONCENTRATION FACTORS
- SHIFT IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY ATTITUDE TOWARDS BIOFUELS
- Table 65 MAJOR INITIATIVES BY LEADING OIL COMPANIES
- SHIFT AND CONCENTRATION IN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION CENTERS
- Table 66 SHIFT AND CONCENTRATION IN GLOBAL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, THROUGH
2012 (1,000 TONS)
- SHIFT AND CONCENTRATION IN BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION COUNTRY
- Table 67 SHIFT IN #1 BIOETHANOL PRODUCING COUNTRY, THROUGH 2012 (1,000
TONS)
- ETHANOL TRADE AND ENZYME PRICE
- Table 68 BRAZILIAN BIOETHANOL NET TRADE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
- SHIFTS IN CRUDE OIL PRICES MOVEMENTS AND IMPACTS ON BIOREFINERY
- Figure 21 PRICE MOVEMENTS OF CRUDE OIL AND SUGAR
- Table 69 ESTIMATES OF PARITY PRICES BETWEEN SUGAR AND CRUDE OIL
- Figure 22 PRICE MOVEMENTS OF CRUDE OIL AND CORN
- Table 70 LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM CORN PRICE VERSUS CRUDE OIL PRICE
- Figure 23 COST OF CARBON IN CORN VERSUS CRUDE OIL
- Figure 24 COST OF CARBON IN CELLULOSIC ENERGY CROPS VERSUS CRUDE OIL
- SHIFT IN SELECTED INTERNATIONAL PRICES FOR OILCROP / PRODUCTS*
- Table 71 SELECTED INTERNATIONAL PRICES FOR OILCROP PRODUCTS AND PRICE
INDICES*, THROUGH 2006
- SHIFT IN OCEAN FREIGHT RATES FOR WHEAT
- Table 72 OCEAN FREIGHT RATES FOR WHEAT ($/TON)*, THROUGH 2006
- SHIFT IN THE SHARE OF U.S. CORN HARVEST USED FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION
- Table 73 U.S. CORN PRODUCTION, USE FOR FUEL ETHANOL AND FOR EXPORT,
THROUGH 2012 (MILLION METRIC TONS)
- Figure 25 SHIFT IN ETHANOL PRICES
- SHIFT IN GLOBAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING
- United States
- China
- European Union
- Rest-of-the-World
- Table 74 SHIFT IN GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SPENDING ($ BILLIONS)
- CHALLENGES AND THREATS IN THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF BIOREFINERIES
- Table 75 YIELDS OF MAJOR U.S. CROPS
- INTERNATIONAL TRADE
- Unfair Subsidies
- Brazil' s Response
- BIOTECH CROPS
- Table 76 DEMAND FOR BIOTECH CROPS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
- RELATIVE SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FEEDSTOCKS AND BIOPRODUCTS
- Table 77 RELATIVE SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FEEDSTOCKS/BIOPRODUCTS FOR
SMALL, MEDIUM AND LARGE-SCALE APPLICATION
- HISTORY OF THE BIOREFINERY INDUSTRY
- TAXING BIO-DERIVED CHEMICALS TO DEATH
- Taxing Bio-derived?(Continued)
- SUPPORTING THE FARMER
- LOCAL OWNERSHIP
- CURRENT CONDITIONS
- PLANNING ON THE NEW BIOREFINERY FRONTIER AND THE FUTURE
- Figure 26 ANTICIPATED FUTURE ROADMAP FOR BIOREFINING
- REGULATIONS AND LEGISLATION
- INTRODUCTION
- Table 78 LONG-TERM BIOFUELS DEMAND IN ROAD TRANSPORT PROJECTION BY
REGION, 2004 AND 2030 (MILLION TONS OF OIL EQUIVALENT)
- GLOBAL BIOFUELS FEEDSTOCK DIVERSIFICATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
- Table 79 GLOBAL BIOFUELS FEEDSTOCK DIVERSIFICATION AND PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT
- MAJOR THREATS TO THE REGULATION OF BIOREFINERIES
- THE BIOFUELS ACT OF 2007
- THE AMERICAN FUELS ACT OF 2006
- ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005
- BIOMASS R&D ACT OF 2000 (AS REVISED BY ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005)
- DEFICIT REDUCTION ACT OF 2005
- FARM SECURITY AND RURAL INVESTMENT ACT OF 2002
- SECTION 932 BIOENERGY PROGRAM
- SECTION P41 AMENDMENTS TO THE BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF
2000
- SECTION 942 PRODUCTION INCENTIVES FOR CELLULOSIC BIOFUELS
- SECTION 977 SYSTEMS BIOLOGY PROGRAM
- SECTION 1501 RENEWABLE CONTENT OF GASOLINE (RENEWABLE FUELS STANDARDS)
- THE 2002 FARM BILL
- THE FARM SECURITY AND RURAL INVESTMENT ACT (FSRIA) OF 2002
- THE ECONOMIC SECURITY AND RECOVERY ACT OF 2001
- THE ENERGY TAX ACT OF 1978 (ETA)
- THE CRUDE OIL WINDFALL PROFITS TAX ACT OF 1980 (WPT)
- THE ECONOMIC RECOVERY TAX ACT OF 1981 (ERTA)
- THE TAX EQUITY FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY ACT OF 1982 (TEFRA)
- THE TERMINATION OF ENERGY TAX CREDITS IN 1982 THROUGH 1985
- THE TAX REFORM ACT OF 1986
- THE TAX RELIEF EXTENSION ACT OF 1999
- FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND REFORM ACT OF 1996
- BIOPACT
- INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS AND ASSOCIATIONS
- DIETARY SUPPLEMENT AND HEALTH EDUCATION ACT OF 1994
- EUROPEAN STANDARD DIN WN14214
- USDA PROPOSES RULE TO ENCOURAGE FEDERAL PURCHASING OF BIOPRODUCTS
- VOLUME II
- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE RATES
- INTRODUCTION
- Figure 27 THE BIOREFINERY INDUSTRY STRUCTURE / COMPETITIVE PRODUCTS
- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE (CONTINUED)
- Figure 28 THE BIOMASS FUEL, CHEMICAL AND MATERIALS CHAIN
- Figure 29 DRIVERS FOR CHANGE FROM PETRO-BASED TO BIO-BASED REFINERIES
- CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH THE CHEMICAL PRODUCT LIFECYCLE
- Figure 30 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH THE CHEMICAL PRODUCT
LIFECYCLE
- BIOREFINING FROM THE CRADLE TO THE GRAVE
- Figure 31 BIOREFINING FROM THE CRADLE TO THE GRAVE
- SOME EXAMPLES OF RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOREFINERY R&D
- Figure 32 SOME EXAMPLES OF RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOREFINERY R&D
- INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY OPTIONS
- Figure 33 INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY OPTIONS
- Figure 34 BIOPLATFORM MOLECULES
- Figure 35 PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
- EXAMPLES OF BIOREFINERY IN PRACTICE
- Figure 36 EXAMPLES OF BIOREFINERY IN PRACTICE
- GLOBAL MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND COMPETITIVE RATES
- Table 80 BCC RESEARCH / USDA ASSUMPTIONS IN REAL GDP ANNUAL GROWTH,
THROUGH 2012 (%)
- DEMAND FOR THE MAJOR PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCES
- Table 81 GLOBAL PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FEEDSTOCK, THROUGH 2012
(QUADRILLION BTU/YEAR)
- Table 82 GLOBAL BIOMASS CONSUMPTION IN PRIMARY ENERGY BY FEEDSTOCK,
THROUGH 2012 (QUADRILLION BTU/YEAR)
- Table 83 KEY REGIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY INDICATORS AND BIOMASS
DOMINATION, 2006
- GLOBAL ECONOMIC GROWTH
- United States
- Canada
- Europe
- Asia
- South America
- Africa/ Middle East
- Table 84 OVERVIEW OF WORLDWIDE GDP, 2003-2012
- INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES
- Table 85 OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES, THROUGH 2006
- DEMAND FOR BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK/AGRICULTURE BY TYPE
- Table 86 GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF IMPORT BILLS OF TOTAL FOOD AND MAJOR
FOODSTUFFS, BY GLOBAL REGION, 2005 AND 2006 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 87 GLOBAL WHEAT RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
- Table 88 GLOBAL WHEAT EXPORTS BY REGION/COUNTRY, THROUGH 2012 (THOUSAND
METRIC TONS)
- Table 89 GLOBAL WHEAT IMPORTS BY REGION/COUNTRY OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
(THOUSAND METRIC TONS)
- Table 89 (CONTINUED)
- COARSE GRAINS
- Coarse Grains (Continued)
- Table 90 GLOBAL COARSE GRAINS RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
- Table 91 GLOBAL COARSE GRAINS EXPORT OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012 (THOUSAND
METRIC TONS)
- Table 92 GLOBAL COARSE GRAINS IMPORT OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012 (THOUSAND
METRIC TONS)
- Table 93 GLOBAL CORN RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
- Table 94 GLOBAL CORN EXPORTS BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2012 (THOUSAND METRIC
TONS)
- Table 95 GLOBAL CORN IMPORTS BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2012 (THOUSAND METRIC
TONS)
- Table 95 (COTINUED)
- Table 96 GLOBAL RICE RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
- Table 97 GLOBAL RICE IMPORTS BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 (THOUSAND METRIC
TONS)
- Table 98 GLOBAL VEGETABLE OILS RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
- Soybean Oil
- Palm Oil
- Production
- Consumption
- Emerging Biodiesel Sector
- Technical Problems
- Table 99 PRODUCTION SCENARIOS FOR SELECTED VEGETABLE OILS, THROUGH 2012
(MILLION TONS)
- Technical Problems (Continued)
- Table 100 GLOBAL OILS AND FATS MARKET DIVERSIFICATION, THROUGH 2012
(MILLION TONS)
- Table 101 GLOBAL OILSEEDS RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
- Table 102 GLOBAL OILSEED PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION
METRIC TONS)
- Table 103 GLOBAL OILSEED RESOURCES BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION
METRIC TONS)
- Table 104 GLOBAL COTTON RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
- Table 105 GLOBAL SUGAR RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
- Table 106 GLOBAL PROTEIN MEALS RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
- Table 107 LIVESTOCK PRICES, THROUGH 2012
- COMBUSTIBLE RENEWABLE AND WASTE
- Wood, Wood Waste, Solid Waste and Charcoal
- Table 108 GLOBAL WOOD (INCLUDING CHARCOAL) RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH
2012
- BIOREFINERY PLANT STRUCTURAL MATERIAL FEEDSTOCKS
- Figure 37 BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCKS, CONVERSION, PRODUCTS AND APPLICATION
ROUTES
- COMPOSITION OF SOME PLANT MATERIALS
- Table 109 COMPOSITION OF SOME PLANT MATERIALS
- CROP RESIDUE AVAILABILITY POTENTIAL QUANTITIES
- Table 110 CROP RESIDUE AVAILABILITY POTENTIAL QUANTITIES, BY GLOBAL
REGION (MILLION METRIC TONS/YEAR)
- DEMAND BY TYPE OF BIOREFINERY
- Cellulose-Based Biorefinery
- Figure 38 BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK DIVERSIFICATION AND TRANSFORMATION
PROCESS
- Hemicelluloses-Based Biorefinery
- Lignin-Based Biorefinery
- Starch-Based Biorefinery
- Proteins-Based Biorefinery
- Plant Oils-Based Biorefinery
- Fermentable Sugars-Based Biorefinery
- Table 111 DEMAND FOR BIOREFINERY BY PLANT STRUCTURAL MATERIAL, THROUGH
2012 ($MILLION/YEAR)
- Table 111 (CONTINUED)
- BIOREFINERY PROCESSING ECONOMICS
- FEEDSTOCK COSTS VERSUS PRIMARY BIOREFINERY PRODUCT COSTS ANALYSIS
- Table 112 U.S. BIOMASS FROM AGRICULTURE: POTENTIAL SUPPLY AND COST, BY
SOURCE
- BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION COSTS
- Bioethanol from Wood or Straw using Acid Hydrolysis
- Bioethanol from Wheat
- Bioethanol from Corn
- Bioethanol from Sugar Cane or Sugar Beet
- BIODIESEL PRODUCTION COSTS
- Table 113 DISTRIBUTION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION COSTS (%)
- Biodiesel from Oilseeds
- Biodiesel from Wood or Straw Using Gasification and Fischer-Tropsch
- Bioethanol from Wood or Straw by Enzymic Hydrolysis and Fermentation
- BIOENERGY PRODUCTION COSTS
- Bioenergy from Forest Products Feedstocks
- Bioenergy from Agricultural Residue Feedstock
- Bioenergy from Urban Wood Waste and Mill Residues
- Bioenergy from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
- Bioenergy from Dedicated Feedstocks
- Bioenergy from Biogas
- Biomass Power
- Biomass Heat
- Biogas Digester
- Biomass Gasifier
- Table 114 OVERVIEW OF BIO-BASED PRODUCTS COSTS, 2004-2012 (CENTS/KWH)
- Table 114 (CONTINUED)
- BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER/BIOPLASTICS COSTS
- Table 115 MARKET PRICE FOR BIODEGRADABLE AND NON-BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS
(£ KG)
- Table 115 (CONTINUED)
- Table 115 (CONTINUED)
- ESTIMATED COST FACTORS IN VARIOUS GLOBAL REGIONS
- Table 116 ESTIMATED COST FACTORS IN VARIOUS GLOBAL REGIONS
- ACTUAL AND ANTICIPATED CROP-BASED BIOREFINERY PROCESSES
- CROP-BASED BIOREFINERY PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
- COMMERCIAL CROPS (FERMENTATION)
- BIOMASS
- COMMERCIAL CROPS (VEGETABLE OIL ESTERIFICATION)
- Table 117 ACTUAL AND ANTICIPATED CROP-BASED BIOREFINERY PROCESSES
- BIOMASS-FUEL TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION: BARRIERS AND PROSPECTS
- Table 118 BIOMASS-FUEL PROCESSING PLANTS: COMMERCIAL AND
QUASI-COMMERCIAL FACILITIES IN NORTH AMERICA
- Table 118 (CONTINUED)
- COST COMPETITIVENESS OF BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS
- Table 119 COST COMPETITIVENESS OF PETROLEUM REFINING AND BIOREFINERY
FUELS
- Table 120 PROJECTED PRODUCTION COSTS FOR DIESEL FUEL BY FEEDSTOCK,
THROUGH 2011 (2002 $/GALLON)
- Table 121 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION COSTS (1? = 1.35 U.S.$)
- Table 121 (CONTINUED)
- Table 122 PROJECTED SOYBEAN OIL PRICES AS A FUNCTION OF SOYBEAN OIL USE
FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, 2004-2012 (2002 DOLLARS PER GALLON)
- Table 123 PROJECTED YELLOW GREASE PRICES, 2004-2013 (2002 DOLLARS PER
GALLON)
- Table 124 PROJECTED DIESEL FUEL PRODUCTION COSTS BY FEEDSTOCK, 2004-2012
(2002 DOLLARS PER GALLON)
- GLYCERINE
- Glycerine (Continued)
- An Energy Source
- Quality a Cause for Concern
- Table 125 GLYCEROL PROPERTIES OBTAINED AFTER TRANSESTERIFICATION
ACCORDING TO THE ORIGIN OF THE VEGETABLE OILS
- Table 126 FINAL COST OF THE BIODIESEL FROM USED OLIVE OIL AND ETHIOPIAN
MUSTARD OIL
- Table 127 ESTIMATED BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION COSTS FROM DIFFERENT CROPS
- Table 128 PRODUCTION COSTS OF STARCH-BASED ETHANOL*
- Table 129 FUEL ENERGY BALANCES
- Table 130 CAPITAL COSTS OF A STARCH-BASED ETHANOL REFINERY*
- Table 131 ENGINEERING COST ESTIMATES FOR BIOETHANOL PLANTS IN GERMANY
- Table 132 BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION COSTS IN BRAZIL
- Table 133 THE COST OF A GALLON OF CORN ETHANOL
- Cellulosic Ethanol
- Cellulosic Ethanol (Continued)
- Cellulosic Ethanol (Continued)
- Cellulosic Ethanol (Continued)
- Table 134 CURRENT COMPARISON OF ETHANOL FROM CORN VERSUS CELLULOSE
- Table 135 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PLANT COST ESTIMATES ($U.S./LITER EXCEPT
WHERE INDICATED)
- N-BUTANOL ECONOMICS
- VEGETABLE OIL ECONOMICS
- Vegetable Oil Economics (Continued)
- Table 136 SOYBEAN PRODUCTION COSTS COMPARED TO CANOLA
- Table 137 POTENTIAL RETURNS (SOYBEAN AT $5.50 PER BUSHEL AND CANOLA AT
$0.10 PER POUND)
- Table 138 ESTIMATED COSTS FOR EXTRACTION AND PRODUCTION OF METHYL
NERNOLATE AND VERNOLIC ACID FROM E. LAGASCAE AT TWO LEVELS OF PROCESSING
CAPACITY
- BIOELECTRICITY/ POWER GENERATION ECONOMICS
- Figure 39 COST-COMPETITIVENESS OF BIOMASS POWER COMPARED TO OTHER
SELECTED RENEWABLE POWER TECHNOLOGIES
- Direct-Fired or Conventional Steam Boiler
- Co-firing
- Pyrolysis
- Biomass Gasification
- Biogas Landfills
- Biogas-Urban Wastes
- Table 139 COST COMPETITIVENESS OF BIOELECTRICITY/BIOPOWER GENERATION
- Table 140 CAPITAL COST EFFICIENCIES OF PRINCIPAL BIOELECTRICITY AND
COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES WITH ESTIMATES FOR 2020
- Table 140 (CONTINUED)
- Table 141 COST OF WOOD BURNING SYSTEMS
- BIOPLASTICS/ BIOPOLYMER ECONOMICS
- Table 142 PLA PROPERTIES COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL POLYMERS
- Table 143 MAJOR BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK/BUILDING BLOCK COSTS
- Table 143 (CONTINUED)
- PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS ECONOMICS
- Table 144 MAJOR PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS FEEDSTOCK/BUILDING BLOCK ECONOMICS
- Table 144 (CONTINUED)
- ESSENTIAL OILS AND AROMA ECONOMICS
- Table 145 A COMPARISON OF SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL INGREDIENT PRODUCTION
COSTS
- Table 145 (CONTINUED)
- Table 146 APPROXIMATE YIELDS FOR ESSENTIAL OIL CROPS AND PERCENT OF OIL
THAT MAY BE EXTRACTED
- Table 147 CAPITAL INVESTMENT REQUIRED
- Table 148 OPERATING COSTS
- Table 149 RETURNS AND BREAKEVENS FOR ESSENTIAL OILS
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE BIOREFINERY INDUSTRY ON DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
- Table 150 ANNUAL VALUE OF FUELWOOD AND WOOD-BASED PRODUCTS TO THE GLOBAL
ECONOMY ($ 000 MILLION)
- Figure 40 POTENTIAL INCREASES IN PER CAPITA INCOME RESULTING FROM CARBON
FINANCE FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES UNDER A HIGH CARBON VALUE ($20 PER METRIC
TON) SCENARIO AND USING EXCHANGE RATE GDP FIGURES
- DEFORESTATION
- AVOIDED DEFORESTATION AND OPPORTUNITY COST
- Figure 41 THE MATH FOR BOLIVIA
- Table 151 VALUE OF AVOIDED DEFORESTATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RANKED
BY POTENTIAL GDP CONTRIBUTION
- Table 151 (CONTINUED)
- MERGERS/ ACQUISITIONS AND JOINT VENTURES/DEMERGERS
- Table 152 BIOREFINERY COMPANY ALLIANCES/MERGER/JOINT VENTURE/DEMERGERS
- Table 152 (CONTINUED)
- Table 152 (CONTINUED)
- Table 152 (CONTINUED)
- Table 152 (CONTINUED)
- Table 152 (CONTINUED)
- BIOREFINERY COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
- Table 153 MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR THE MAJOR
SEGMENTS, 2006
- ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS (OEM)
- Original Equipment ?(Continued)
- General Motors
- Ford
- Toyota
- Other
- Table 154 OEM COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS,
2006
- Table 154 (CONTINUED)
- OIL REFINING AND DISTRIBUTION
- Chevron
- British Petroleum
- Shell
- ExxonMobil
- ENI Technologies SPA
- Statoil
- Sasol
- Table 155 PETROLEUM REFINING COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND KEY
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, 2006
- Table 155 (CONTINUED)
- BIOENERGY
- U.S. Energy Systems, Inc
- Allegheny Power
- Xcel Energy, Inc
- AES
- Table 156 BIOENERGY COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE
INDICATORS, 2006
- Table 156 (CONTINUED)
- BIOFUELS
- Genencor International and Novozymes A/S
- Archer Daniels Midland Company
- Diversa Corporation
- Dyadic International
- Iogen Corporation
- Abengoa Bioenergy
- DuPont / John Deere and Diversa
- Table 157 BIOFUELS COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE
INDICATORS, 2006
- Table 158 OTHER BIOFUELS COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE
INDICATORS, 2006
- BASIC MATERIALS AND SPECIALTY CHEMICAL COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION
AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (2006)
- ADA-ES, Inc
- ADM Tronics Unlimited Inc
- American Soil Technologies
- Aventine Renewable Energy Holdings, Inc
- Ciba Specialty Chemicals
- Cynotech Corporation
- Diametrics Medical, Inc
- Earth Biofuels, Inc
- Ethanex Energy Inc
- Ferro Corporation
- H.B. Fuller Company
- Helix Biomedix, Inc
- Innospec Inc
- Lyondell Chemical Company
- Methanex Corp
- NewMarket Corporation
- OMNOVA Solutions Inc
- Pacific Ethanol Inc
- Penford Corporation
- Sensient Technologies Corporation
- Sigma-Aldrich Corporation
- Southern States Power Company, Inc
- Synthetech, Inc
- Technical Ventures Inc
- VeraSun Energy Corporation
- WD-40 Company
- Westlake Chemical Corp
- W.R. Grace & Co
- Table 159 BULK CHEMICALS, BASIC MATERIALS AND SPECIALTY CHEMICAL COMPANY
MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, 2006
- Table 159 (CONTINUED)
- Table 160 TOP AGROCHEMICAL COMPANIES AND THEIR CROPS/BRANDS
- Agrochemicals Companies (Continued)
- Table 161 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, 2006
- DRUG COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
- Table 162 MAJOR DRUG COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE
INDICATORS, 2006
- FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCE COMPANIES' MARKET CAPITALIZATION
- Table 163 MARKET CAPITALIZATION OF THE MAJOR PERSONAL PRODUCTS COMPANY
- Table 163 (CONTINUED)
- BIOPHARMACEUTICALS COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION
- AMGEN
- BIOGEN IDEC
- GENENTECH
- GILEAD SCIENCES
- MILLENNIUM PHARMACEUTICALS
- IMCLONE SYSTEMS
- AMYLIN PHARMACEUTICALS
- Table 164 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION. 2006
- Table 164 (CONTINUED)
- PHYSICAL INPUTS REQUIRED IN BIOREFINERIES
- FERTILIZERS AND NUTRIENTS
- VETERINARY DRUGS AND VACCINES
- WATER
- ENERGY
- HARDWARE
- DRUGS AND AGROCHEMICALS
- Table 165 PHYSICAL INPUTS FOR BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK
- LAND
- Land (Continued)
- Crops for Fuel Bolster Agribusiness
- Table 166 BIOFUEL' S LAND GRAB, 2006 (%)
- AGROCHEMICALS UTILIZATION IN BIOREFINERY
- Table 167 DEMAND FOR AGROCHEMICALS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($BILLIONS)
- MAJOR TRENDS IMPACTING ON THE GLOBAL BIOREFINERY INDUSTRY
- TRENDS IN WORLD GRAIN CONSUMPTION AND CARRYOVER STOCKS
- Table 168 TRENDS IN WORLD GRAIN CONSUMPTION, 1960- 2012
- Table 168 (CONTINUED)
- TREND IN GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY
- Table 169 TRENDS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION, 2004 AND 2030
- TRENDS IN WORLD BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
- Table 170 BIOFUEL PRODUCTION AS ENERGY-EQUIVALENT SHARES OF TOTAL
GASOLINE AND DIESEL DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION IN THE AGGRESSIVE BIOFUEL
GROWTH SCENARIO, 2005-2020 (%)
- United States of America
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- United Kingdom
- Asia
- South America
- Table 171 TRENDS IN WORLD BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, 1991-2012 (MILLION
GALLONS/YEAR)
- Table 171 (CONTINUED)
- UNITED STATES VERSUS BRAZIL: CORN VERSUS SUGAR CANE
- United States versus Brazil?(Continued)
- Table 172 THE SIZE AND CONSUMPTION DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BRAZIL AND THE
UNITED STATES
- Table 173 TREND IN ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL VERSUS THE UNITED
STATES, 1982-2012 (MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
- TRENDS IN THE FLAVOR AND FRAGRANCE MARKET
- Table 174 COMPANY SALE VOLUME TRENDS IN GLOBAL FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCE,
THROUGH 2006 ($MILLIONS)
- TRENDS IN PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS MARKET
- Table 175 TREND IN PLANT-DERIVED DRUG MARKET IN THE UNITED STATES VERSUS
REST OF THE WORLD, 1999-2012 ($ MILLION/YEAR)
- COMPANY RESULTS
- CHEMICAL, MATERIAL AND BIOFUELS COMPANIES
- Chemical, Material and?(Continued)
- DuPont
- Diversa
- Dow Chemical
- Cargill
- Archer Daniels Midland
- Rohm and Haas
- Genencor International
- Novozymes
- The United States Department of Energy
- DSM
- BASF
- Sumitomo Chemicals
- Eastman Chemical
- UOP
- FUEL COMPANIES
- BP
- Total
- Royal Dutch Shell
- Chevron
- Petrobras
- Repsol
- ConocoPhillips
- BIOFUEULS COMPANIES
- Broin
- British Sugar
- Chevron
- Abongoa
- VeraSun
- UOP
- Solutia
- BIO-MATERIAL COMPANIES
- Lear Corporation
- Monsanto
- Cargill Dow Polymers LLC (NatureWorks LLC)
- Corn Products International, Inc.
- Bunge Limited
- Akzo Nobel NV
- Corn Products International
- Imperial Chemicals Industries, PLC
- MGP Ingredients, Inc.
- INEOS
- ADM
- Bayer, AG
- Sumitomo Chemical
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. (MCI)
- Fujitsu Ltd
- Eastman Chemical Co.
- BASF
- DuPont
- SK Chemicals
- Dainippon Ink and Chemicals
- Cortec Corp.
- Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd
- Novozymes A/S
- Fujitsu Ltd
- Huntsman Corp
- Table 176 COMPANY SALES OF CHEMICALS/ MATERIALS AND FUELS, THROUGH 2006
($BILLIONS/YEAR)
- Table 176 (CONTINUED)
- FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCE (ESSENTIAL OILS AND AROMA) COMPANY RESULTS
- Givaudan
- IFF
- Firmenich
- Symrise
- Quest International
- Takasago
- Sensient Flavors
- T. Hasegawa
- Robertet SA
- Frutarom
- Danisco
- McCormick & Company
- Table 177 MAJOR ESSENTIAL OILS AND AROMA COMPANY RESULTS, THROUGH 2006
($ BILLIONS)
- PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS COMPANY RESULTS
- Amgen
- Biogen Idec
- Genentech
- Gilead Sciences
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals
- Table 178 MAJOR BIOPHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY RESULTS BY REVENUE, THROUGH
2006 ($ MILLIONS)
- NATURAL INGREDIENTS COMPANY RESULTS
- Colgate-Palmolive
- S.C. Johnson
- Estée Lauder
- Avon
- Unilever
- L' Oréal
- Henkel
- Reckitt Benckiser
- Kao
- Shiseido
- Beiersdorf
- LVMH
- Natura
- Table 179 MAJOR NATURAL INGREDIENT COMPANY SALES, THROUGH 2006 ($
BILLIONS)
- Table 179 (CONTINUED)
- ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS COMPANY RESULTS
- Mazda Motor Corp
- Mitsubishi Motors Corp
- Ford
- Volkswagen AG
- Toyota
- DaimlerChrysler
- General Motors
- Volkswagen AG
- Honda Motor Co
- Mazda Motor Corporation
- Nissan Motor Co., Ltd
- Table 180 MAJOR ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS' REVENUES, THROUGH 2006
($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
- BIOMASS ELECTRIC POWER COMPANIES
- Alliant Energy
- Xcel Energy, Inc.
- AES
- Allegheny Power
- Table 181 BIOMASS ELECTRICITY GENERATING COMPANY REVENUE, THROUGH 2006
($BILLIONS/YEAR)
- DEMAND BY PRODUCT APPLICATION
- INTRODUCTION
- Figure 42 BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, CONVERSION AND PRODUCTS APPLICATION
PATHWAYS
- PATHWAYS FOR BIOMASS PROCESS CONVERSION TO PRODUCTS APPLICATION
- Figure 43 BIOMASS PROCESS CONVERSIONS TO PRODUCTS APPLICATION PATHWAYS
- BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS APPLICATIONS
- Table 182 BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM, PRODUCT APPLICATION CHART
- Table 182 (CONTINUED)
- Table 182 (CONTINUED)
- Table 183 GLOBAL BIO-TRANSPORTATION FUELS MARKET DIVERSIFICATION,
THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
- Table 184 GLOBAL BIOETHANOL NET TRADE, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION
GALLONS/YEAR)
- Brazil
- United States
- Cellulosic Ethanol
- Figure 44 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ETHANOL DEMAND AND SUPPLY
- Table 185 ETHANOL PRODUCTION PLANTS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY
STATE AND FEEDSTOCK (JANUARY 5, 2007) (MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
- Table 185 (CONTINUED)
- Table 185 (CONTINUED)
- Table 185 (CONTINUED)
- Table 186 ETHANOL PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA BY STATE AND FEEDSTOCK, JANUARY 5, 2007 (MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
- Table 186 (CONTINUED)
- Table 187 ETHANOL PRODUCTION PLANTS IN CANADA BY FEEDSTOCK AND CAPACITY,
JANUARY 5, 2007 (MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
- Table 188 ETHANOL PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN CANADA BY STATE AND
FEEDSTOCK, JANUARY 5, 2007 (MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
- China
- European Union (EU-27)
- Feedstocks
- Table 189 POTENTIAL BIOETHANOL YIELDS FROM COMMON WHEAT AND SUGAR BEET
IN SOME OF THE EU-27
- Table 190 BIOFUEL TARGETS, TAX BREAKS AND OIL PRODUCT SERVICE STATIONS
IN EUROPE
- Table 190 (CONTINUED)
- COMPARISON BETWEEN CURRENT TREND AND WHITE PAPER OBJECTIVES
- Figure 45 COMPARISONS BETWEEN CURRENT TREND AND WHITE PAPER OBJECTIVES
(MILLION TONS OF OIL EQUIVALENT)
- REST-OF-THE-WORLD BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
- Thailand
- Indonesia
- South Africa
- Nigeria
- Table 191 GLOBAL BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY/REGION, THROUGH 2012
(MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
- Table 192 GLOBAL TRADE IN OILS AND FATS BY REGION/COUNTRY, 2004-2007
(METRIC TONS/YEAR)
- Table 192 (CONTINUED)
- Table 193 EUROPEAN UNION FEEDSTOCK MIXES FOR BIODIESEL, 2004-2012 (%)
- Germany
- France
- United Kingdom
- Greece
- Eastern Europe
- NORTH AMERICA
- United States
- United States (Continued)
- Canada
- SOUTH AMERICA
- ASIA
- China
- Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Singapore
- Thailand
- Australia
- Table 194 GLOBAL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY/ REGION, THROUGH 2012
(1,000 TONS)
- BIO-BASED CHEMICALS
- UNITED STATES
- CANADA
- EUROPE
- ASIA
- REST-OF-THE-WORLD
- Table 195 DEMAND FOR BIOREFINERY-DERIVED CHEMICALS BY GROUPING, THROUGH
2012 ($ BILLION/YEAR)
- OLEOCHEMICALS (VEGETABLE OILS / FATS DERIVED CHEMICALS)
- Figure 46 ORGANIZATIONS OF THE FATS/OILS CHEMICALS INDUSTRY
- Fatty Acids
- Fatty Alcohols
- Fatty Amines
- Fatty Methyl Esters
- Table 196 PRODUCTION OF OIL AND FAT-DERIVED CHEMICALS BY TYPE, THROUGH
2012 (1000 TONS)
- Table 196 (CONTINUED)
- BY-PRODUCT GLYCERINE
- By-product Glycerine (Continued)
- Table 197 BY-PRODUCT GLYCERINE PRODUCTION BY REGION THROUGH 2012 (1,000
TONS)
- BIO-BASED BULK (COMMODITY) CHEMICALS
- Ethyl Lactate
- Acetic Acid
- Propionic Acid
- Butyric Acid
- Citric Acid
- Vitamin C
- L- L-Glutamic Acid
- OLEFINS
- Propylene Glycol
- Gluconic Acid
- Table 198 DEMAND FOR BIO-BASED BULK PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2012 ($BILLIONS)
- Table 198 (CONTINUED)
- Table 198 (CONTINUED)
- Table 198 (CONTINUED)
- FINE (SPECIALTY) CHEMICALS
- Biosurfactants
- Lignin
- Speciality Cellulose
- Antioxidants
- Biopesticides
- Table 199 GLOBAL FINE (SPECIALTY) CHEMICALS BY TYPE/REGION, THROUGH 2012
($ MILLIONS/YEAR)
- FERMENTATION PRODUCTS (EXCLUDING BIOFUELS AND BIOPOLYMERS)
- CRUDE ANTIBIOTICS
- AMINO ACIDS
- Lysine and Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)
- ORGANIC ACIDS
- ENZYMES
- XANTHAN
- VITAMINS
- Table 200 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FERMENTATION PRODUCTS (EXCLUDING BIOFUELS
AND BIOPOLYMERS) BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 200 (CONTINUED)
- BIO-BASED POLYMER/PLASTIC MATERIALS
- Polylactide Acid (PLA) Plastics
- Starch-based Plastics
- Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB)
- Table 201 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPOLYMER BY PRODUCT GROUP, THROUGH 2012 ($
MILLIONS)
- NON-FOOD HERBAL/BOTANICALS PRODUCTS
- TRADE
- Table 202 TRADE IN CRUDE HERBAL/BOTANICALS, 2003-2007 ($ MILLION)
- NORTH AMERICA
- EUROPE
- ASIA
- China and India
- Australia
- REST-OF-THE-WORLD
- Africa
- Argentina
- Brazil
- Chile
- Table 203 DEMAND FOR NON-FOOD HERBAL/BOTANICALS BY PRODUCT GROUP/REGION,
THROUGH 2012 ($MILLIONS)
- Table 204 KEY REGIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY INDICATORS
- Table 205 DEMAND FOR BIOELECTRICITY BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 (MW)
- LARGE-SCALE THERMAL BIOMASS
- United States
- Asia/Latin America
- Western Europe
- Table 206 DEMAND FOR LARGE SCALE THERMAL BIOMASS POWER BY REGION,
THROUGH 2012 (MW)
- ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
- North America
- Europe
- Eastern Europe
- Asia
- Australasia
- South America
- Africa/Middle East
- Table 207 DEMAND FOR ANAEROBIC BIOMASS POWER BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 (MW)
- LANDFILL GAS
- North America
- Western Europe
- Eastern Europe
- Asia
- Australia
- Latin America
- Africa/Middle East
- Table 208 DEMAND FOR LANDFILL BIOMASS POWER BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 (MW)
- VOLUME III
- TECHNOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- Figure 47 BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS
- DEMAND FOR BIOREFINERY BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM/ PRODUCT GROUP
- Table 209 DEMAND FOR BIOREFINERY BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM/PRODUCT
GROUP, THROUGH 2012 ($MILLIONS)
- PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
- Table 210 DEMAND BY TYPE OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY,
THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
- OIL EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 48 PHYSICO-CHEMICALS EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY OF OIL FROM OILSEEDS
- Table 211 FATTY ACID COMPOSITIONS (BY WEIGHT %) OF SELECTED OILS AND FATS
- Pre-processing
- Dehulling
- Oil Recovery
- Refining
- OLEOCHEMICALS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 49 SCHEMATIC OF OLEOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 50 BASIC OLEOCHEMICALS (BOLD) AND DOWNSTREAM OLEOCHEMICALS AND
DERIVATIVES (ITALICS BOLD) PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 51 TRANSESTERIFICATION AND EPOXIDATION, HYDROFORMYLATION AND
METATHESIS REACTIONS
- Table 212 OLEOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012
($MILLIONS)
- Figure 52 BASIC OLEOCHEMICALS (BOLD) AND DOWNSTREAM OLEOCHEMICALS
(ITALICS BOLD) PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- BIODIESEL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 53 THE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY SCHEMATIC (LEFT AND FLOW
DIAGRAM (RIGHT)
- Figure 54 CHEMICAL PROCESSES FOR METHYL ESTER BIODIESEL
- Figure 55 PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL BY ESTERIFICATION OF VEGETABLE OIL
- Biodiesel Production ? (Continued)
- Table 213 DEMAND FOR BIODIESEL BY TYPE OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH
2012 ($ MILLIONS)
- BASE CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION BIODIESEL TECHNOLOGY
- Mixing of Alcohol and Catalyst
- Reaction
- Separation
- Alcohol Removal
- Glycerin Neutralization
- Methyl Ester Wash
- Product Quality
- Table 214 DEMAND FOR BIODIESEL BY TYPE OF CATALYTIC TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH
2012 ($ MILLIONS)
- Figure 56 A SIMPLE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FLOWCART
- NON-FOOD HERBAL/BOTANICAL INGREDIENT EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 57 PROCESSES USED AND PRODUCTS FROM AROMATIC PLANTS PARTS/WHOLE
- VALUE CHAIN IN THE NATURAL INGREDIENTS INDUSTRY
- Large Volume Oils
- Small Volume Oils
- Figure 58 VALUE CHAIN IN THE NATURAL INGREDIENTS INDUSTRY
- COLD PRESSING TECHNOLOGY
- WATER EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY
- Water Maceration
- Water/Steam Distillation
- Figure 59 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A STEAM DISTILLATION UNIT
- ENFLEURAGE TECHNOLOGY
- LOW BIOLING SOLVENT EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 60 SOLVENT EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES 1-PRIMARY BOILING VESSEL;
2-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER; 3-SECONDARY BOILING VESSEL; 4-CONDENSER/COOLER VESSEL.
- Table 215 DEMAND FOR NON-FOOD HERBAL/BOTANICAL BY EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY
($ MILLION)
- DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL INGREDIENTS
- DEMAND FOR VEGETABLE OILS BY EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 61 THE MAIN INDUSTRIAL USES OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- Mechanical Press Extraction
- Solvent Extraction
- Table 216 DEMAND FOR VEGETABLE OIL BY SECONDARY EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY,
THROUGH 2012 (MILLION GALLONS)
- PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BIOPOLYMER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 62 BUILDING BLOCKS FOR POLYMERS BASED ON NATURAL OILS
- Table 217 DEMAND FOR PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BIOPOLYMER TECHNOLOGY. THROUGH
2012 ($ MILLIONS)
- BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
- Table 218 THE BIOREFINERY BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION/PRODUCTS OPTIONS,
THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
- Figure 63 BIOCATALYSIS: THE BIOTECHNICAL SYNTHESIS OF END-PRODUCTS AND
INTERMEDIATES FOR THE CHEMICAL, FUELS AND ENERGY INDUSTRY
- Figure 64 SCHEMATIC OF A TYPICAL FERMENTATION PROCESS REACTOR
- BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Table 219 DEMAND FOR BIOETHANOL BY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY ($ MILLION)
- BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM WHEAT BY MALTING AND FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 65 PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM WHEAT USING MALTING AND
FERMENTATION
- BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION USING CORN FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 66 CORN ETHANOL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- CORN WET MILLING TECHNOLOGY
- CORN DRY MILLING TECHNOLOGY
- SUGAR CANE OR SUGAR BEET USING FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 67 PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM SUGAR CANE OR SUGAR BEET
- CELLULOSIC ETHANOL TECHNOLOGY (PRODUCTION FROM WOOD OR STRAW BY
ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION)
- Figure 68 INTEGRATED CELLULOSIC ETHANOL BIOREFINERY
- Figure 69 EXAMPLES OF PLANT RESIDUES AND ENERGY CROPS
- Figure 70 PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM WOOD OR STRAW BY ENZYMATIC
HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
- Cellulose Degradation and Conversion
- Cellulose Structure and Hydrolysis Challenges
- Figure 71 ARKENOL' S CONVERSION OF CELLULOSE/HEMICELLULOSE TO MIXED
SUGARS (RIGHT) AND USING ARKENOL' S CONCENTRATED ACID HYDROLYSIS
- Figure 72 CELLULOSE STRUCTURE
- Figure 73 STEPS IN THE BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF CELLULOSE TO ETHANOL
- Table 220 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL AND IMPACTS
- Table 220 (CONTINUED)
- Table 221 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PRIMARY MARKETS AND PRODUCTS
- BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM WOOD OF STRAW USING ACID HYDROLYSIS AND
FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 74 PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM WOOD STRAW BY ACID HYDROLYSIS
AND FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
- BIOETHANOL DEHYDRATION TECHNOLOGY
- Azeotropic Distillation
- Molecular Sieve
- Membrane Technology
- Figure 75 ETHANOL DEHYDRATION USING MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY
- Table 222 DEMAND FOR BIOETHANOL BY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012
(MILLION GALLONS)
- BIOMETHANOL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 76 THE BIOMETHANOL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Table 223 DEMAND FOR BIOMETHANOL BY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012
($ MILLION)
- BIOBUTANOL
- Propylene and Syngas Technology
- Figure 77 PROPYLENE AND SYNGAS N-BUTANOL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Biomass (Fermentation Technology)
- Table 224 DEMAND FOR BIOBUTANOL BY TYPE OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY,
THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
- BIOPOLYMER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 78 STARCH POLYMER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Table 225 BIO-BASED POLYMER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Plastics Directly From Plants
- PRODUCTION OF PLA FROM BIOMASS
- Figure 79 PRODUCTION OF PLA FROM BIOMASS
- Figure 80 BIO-BASED ROUTES TO PDO
- PRODUCTION OF PTT FROM PDO AND PTA OR DMT
- Figure 81 PTT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
- Table 226 FERMENTATION BIOTRANSFORMATION POLYMER TECHNOLOGY ($ MILLION)
- Table 226 (CONTINUED)
- THERMOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
- Table 227 THERMOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM CONVERSION/PRODUCTS
OPTIONS, THROUGH 2012
- BIOGAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Table 228 DEMAND FOR BIOGAS ENERGY BY TYPE ($ MILLIONS)
- Figure 82 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION TECHNOLOGIES
- Manure Digesters
- Wastewater
- Landfill Gas
- Table 229 DEMAND FOR BIOMASS DIGESTER BY SOURCE ($ MILLIONS)
- DIGESTER REACTOR TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 83 DIGESTER FROM INSIDE
- Covered Lagoon Digester
- Complete Mix Digester
- Plug-Flow Digester
- Table 230 DEMAND FOR BIOMASS DIGESTER BY REACTOR TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($
BILLIONS)
- GASIFICATION AND FISCHER-TROPSCH TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 84 PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL BY GASIFICATION AND FISCHER-TROPSCH
TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 85 SYNTHESIS GAS-TO-LIQUIDS PROCESSES
- Figure 86 BIOMASS THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION FOR FUELS AND CHEMICALS
- Figure 87 TYPES BIOMASS GASIFICATION SCHEMES AVAILABLE FROM MANUFACTURES
- COMMODITY CHEMICALS CONSIDERED FOR PRODUCTION VIA THERMOCHEMICAL
PLATFORM
- Low Energy Gas
- Circulating Fluidized Bed Units
- Combined Cycle Gas Turbines
- Fuel Cells
- Cofiring
- Cogeneration
- Table 231 COMMODITY CHEMICALS CONSIDERED FOR PRODUCTION VIA
THERMOCHEMICAL PLATFORM, THROUGH 2012
- BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 88 PATHWAYS FROM BIOMASS TO HYDROGEN (STORABLE INTERMEDIATES ARE
SHOWN IN BOXES)
- BIOENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 89 CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO ELECTRICITY
- Pellets and Briquettes
- Charcoal
- Wood
- Table 232 BIOENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012
- INDUSTRIAL BIOMASS COMBUSTION
- Figure 90 FURNACE TECHNOLOGIES
- Figure 91 BIOMASS BOILER TECHNOLOGIES
- DIRECT COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 92 DIRECT COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
- Figure 93 PYROLITIC REACTOR TECHNOLOGY
- GAS TURBINE GENERATING UNIT
- Figure 94 SIMPLE GAS TURBINE TECHNOLOGY
- COMBINED-CYCLE GENERATING UNIT
- Figure 95 THE COMBINED-CYCLE GENERATION TECHNOLOGY
- Table 233 DEMAND FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY BY TYPE OF
FACILITY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
- BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT BY TYPE OF PRIVATE COMPANY
- ABB
- Archer Daniels Midland
- American Electric Power
- Air Products and Chemicals
- ALCOA
- Baxter
- DTE Energy
- ComEd
- Georgia-Pacific
- IBM
- Interface Inc.
- Ontario Power Generation
- PG&E
- Rio Tinto
- Royal Dutch/Shell
- SC Johnson
- Agri-Ethanol Products Services
- BP
- DuPont
- Aventin IPO
- Ultra Soy of America LLC
- VeraSun Energy Corporation
- Infinity Bio-Energy
- Momentum Biofuels
- De Beers Fuel Ltd
- Greenergy Fuels and Tesco
- Ineos Enterprises
- Louis Dreyfus Agriculture Industries LLC
- Pacific Ethanol
- Mascoma
- Iogen Corp
- Altra
- Brion Companies
- Xethanol Corporation
- Dyadic International, Inc.
- White Energy Hereford LLC
- Diversa
- Beraca Ingredients
- IFP
- Mascoma
- Alternative Energy Sources, Inc
- Abengoa
- Archer Daniels Midland
- BRI Energy
- BlueFire
- Broin
- Celunol
- Ceres
- Colusa
- Diversa
- Dyadic
- Genahol
- Globex
- Green Star Products Inc.
- Kergy
- Mascoma
- Nova Fuels (maker of Novahol)
- Novozymes
- PureEnergy
- SunOpta
- Virgin Fuels
- Xethanol
- Green Plains Renewable Energy
- Ethanex Energy, Inc
- Biorefining, Inc.
- Petrobras
- Mascoma
- Biofuels Corporation
- Greenergy
- Broin Companies
- SunOpta BioProcess Group
- GreenField Ethanol
- Renewable Energy
- Seattle Biodiesel
- Greenshift Corporation
- Cornell University
- Oleon
- SunOpta
- GreenField Ethanol
- Pioneer Bio Industries Corp Sdn Bhd
- Imperium Renewables
- Goldman Sachs
- Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- British Petroleum (BP)
- Diversified Natural Products (DNP)
- Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP)
- Petrobras
- Pacific Ethanol
- Bioverda
- Infinity Bio-Energy
- Nice Group
- Kinder Morgan Energy Partners
- The Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
- Marubeni Corporation
- Imperium Renewables, Inc
- O2Diesel Corporation
- Natural Fuels
- Chevron Technology Ventures LLC
- AstraZeneca (AZ)
- Marubeni Corporation
- NanoLogix
- Ultra Soy of America LLC
- BASF
- Syngenta
- Ultra Soy of America, LLC
- Table 234 TOTAL CAPITAL SPENDING BY MAJOR BIOREFINERY INFRASTRUCTURE
COMPANY, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 234 (CONTINUED)
- Table 234 (CONTINUED)
- Table 234 (CONTINUED)
- R & D SPENDING BY MAJOR BIOREFINERY INFRASTRUCTURE COMPANY
- R & D SPENDING BY MAJOR?(CONTINUED)
- R & D SPENDING BY MAJOR?(CONTINUED)
- Dyadic International
- 3M
- Cytec Industries
- Ferro
- H.B. Fuller
- DuPont
- Genencor
- Diversa
- BASF
- Celunol
- Human BioSystems
- Huntsman
- Syngenta
- Table 235 TOTAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SPENDING BY MAJOR COMPANIES,
THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
- Table 235 (CONTINUED)
- Table 236 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
- Table 236 (CONTINUED)
- Table 236 (CONTINUED)
- Table 236 (CONTINUED)
- Table 236 (CONTINUED)
- Table 236 (CONTINUED)
- Table 236 (CONTINUED)
- Table 236 (CONTINUED)
- Table 236 (CONTINUED)
- Table 236 (CONTINUED)
- IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS FOR BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS APPLICATIONS
- Table 237 IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS FOR THE BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS
APPLICATIONS
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- Table 237 (CONTINUED)
- PROCESS DEVELOPMENT/IMPORTANT APPROACH
- Table 238 PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
- Table 238 (CONTINUED)
- BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES
- Table 239 BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 239 (CONTINUED)
- Table 240 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES
- Table 240 (CONTINUED)
- Table 240 (CONTINUED)
- Table 241 INTERNATIONAL PATENTS (BASED ORIGINAL COUNTRY OF APPLICATION
(PRIORITY FILLING COUNTRY) OF FIRST PUBLISHED DOCUMENT, THROUGH 2006
- GOVERNMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING BY REGION/COUNTRY
- Table 242 GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SPENDING BY REGION, THROUGH 2012
($ BILLIONS)
- SOURCE OF GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT FUNDS BY COUNTRY (2005)
- Source of Global Research &?(Continued)
- Table 243 SOURCE OF GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT FUNDS BY COUNTRY, 2005
- UNITED STATES
- United States (Continued)
- MASTER LIST
- HALF THE HARVEST
- SHOCK WAVES
- PLUG-IN CARS
- Figure 96 THE UNITED STATES BIOMASS INITIATIVE TIMELINE
- The U.S. Federal Budget Process and Biomass Initiative Funding
- I. The National Biomass Initiative and the Federal Budget Process
- Table 244 JOINT SOLICITATION FUNDING BY TECHNICAL AREA (%)
- II. The Federal Budget Process
- Table 245 APPROPRIATION SUBCOMMITTEES THAT ALLOCATE BIOMASS FUNDING
- III. Funding History of the Biomass Initiative
- Table 246 USDA/DOE JOINT SOLICITATION FUNDING, THROUGH 2006 (DOLLARS)
- United States Department of Agriculture
- Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
- Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (CSREES)
- Farm Service Agency (FSA)
- Forest Service (FS)
- Natural Resources and Conservation Service (NRCS)
- Rural Development (RD)
- Table 247 USDA FUNDING FOR BIOMASS ACTIVITIES, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)
- United States Department of Energy
- Table 248 USDOE FUNDING FOR BIOMASS ACTIVITIES, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)
- Program Organization - Platforms and Pathways
- Pathways
- Table 249 BIOMASS PROGRAM TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS
- Biofuels Research & Development Grants
- Table 250 USDA AND DOE BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT GRANTS ANNOUNCED
ON OCTOBER 11, 2006 ($)
- Table 250 (CONTINUED)
- USDA RENEWABLE ENERGY PROPOSALS
- U.S. DOE Cellulosic Ethanol Funding
- Table 251 USDOE CELLULOSIC BIOREFINERY GRANTS ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 251 (CONTINUED)
- Table 251 (CONTINUED)
- Roadmap for Development of Cellulosic Ethanol Production
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Support for Cellulosic Biorefineries
in the United States
- CANADA
- Size of the Canadian Energy Market
- Table 252 MEASURES IMPLEMENTED BY DIFFERENT CANADIAN PROVINCES
- Canadian Government Support to Advance Development of Cellulosic
Ethanol
- EUROPE
- Policy Context
- Major Technological Challenge
- The Biofuels Technology Platform
- Table 253 STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EU BIOFUELS
- TENTATIVE TIMESCALE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EU BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGY
PLATFORM
- Table 254 TIMETABLE FOR EU BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM IMPLEMENTATION
- Key Elements of the EU Biofuels Technology Platform
- Different Types of Biofuels Technologies
- Agricultural-Forestry policy
- Fuel Standards and Car Performances
- Changes in Present Fuel Supply
- Imports from Other Regions vs. Development of a European Biofuel
Industry
- Table 255 PROGRESS TOWARDS EU AND MEMBER STATES' BIOFUELS TARGET,
2003-2010
- Figure 97 COMPARISON BETWEEN CURRENT TREND AND WHITE PAPER OBJECTIVES,
2000-2012
- Biomass- Spearheading Renewable Energy Commitments
- Figure 98 EU WHITE PAPER ON BIOMASS
- Biomass Electricity Growth in Europe
- Political Will Mandatory to Sustain Growth Momentum
- Barriers to Market Growth
- Figure 99 THE BIOMASS POWER PLANTS MARKET
- EU NATIONAL INDICATIVE TARGETS AND CORRESPONDING FUEL USE
- EU National Indicative?(Continued)
- Table 256 EU NATIONAL INDICATIVE TARGETS AND CORRESPONDING FUEL USE
- SHARE OF ALLOCATIONS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
TOTAL EU FUNDING 2007 TO 2013
- Figure 100 SHARE OF ALLOCATIONS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE
ENERGY IN TOTAL EU FUNDING 2007 TO 2013
- EU-25 WIDE FUNDING PROGRAMS FOR BIOMATERIALS, BIOENERGY AND BIOFUELS
- Table 257 EU-25 WIDE FUNDING PROGRAMS FOR BIOMATERIALS, BIOENERGY AND
BIOFUELS
- Table 257 (CONTINUED)
- ASIA
- Strategic Development of Biomass-Asia
- Figure 101 DIAGRAM OF BIOMASS-ASIA OUTLINE
- Strategic Development of?(Continued)
- Table 258 JAPANESE GOVERNMENT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT BUDGET (¥ TRILLION)
- Korea
- India
- China
- China vs U.S.
- MALAYSIA
- THAILAND
- INDONESIA
- ROW
- Table 259 PEOPLE RELYING ON TRADITIONAL BIOMASS (MILLIONS)
- Latin America
- Brazil
- Africa
- Table 260 ROW GOVERNMENT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT BUDGET ($ MILLIONS)
- COMPANY PROFILES
- AGENCIES/ ASSOCIATIONS
- INTERNATIONAL SUGAR ORGANIZATION (ISO)
- CANADIAN RENEWABLE FUELS ASSOCIATION
- THE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY ORGANIZATION (BIO)
- THE EUROPEAN BIODIESEL BOARD
- THE NATIONAL CORN GROWERS ASSOCIATION
- THE UNITED STATES COMBINED HEAT & POWER ASSOCIATION (USCHPA)
- SOUTHERN AFRICA BIOFUELS ASSOCIATION
- FEDERAL BIOBASED PREFERRED PROCUREMENT PROGRAM
- THE IRISH COMBINED HEAT & POWER ASSOCIATION
- EBIO
- UEPA
- EUROPEAN FUELS OXYGENATE ASSOCIATION (EFOA)
- EUROPABIO
- EUBIA
- THE LOW-CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP
- THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF BIOINDUSTRIES
- FINANCE
- BIO-BASED CHEMICALS AND BIOPOLYMERS / BIOMATERIALS
- EASTMAN CHEMICAL
- DUPONT
- DUPONT BIOFUELS
- GBF-ENVIRONMENTAL BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
- SHOWA HIGHPOLYMER CO. LTD
- DAINIPPONN INK AND CHEMICALS INC. (DIC)
- SOLVAY CAPROLACTONES
- UNION CARBIDE
- MONSANTO COMPANY
- BASF CORP., PLASTICS
- CARGILL DOW LLC
- METABOLIX INC.
- MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL
- NOVAMONT S.P.A
- CORTEC CORPORATION
- APACK
- NESTE CORPORATE TECHNOLOGY
- CARGILL DOW POLYMERS LLC
- BIOTEC GMBH
- NOVON INTERNATIONAL
- PLAST OG GUMMI STABI
- NATIONAL STARCH & CHEMICAL
- NOREL
- PLASTIC MUSEUM
- PROCTER & GAMBLE
- AVEBE GROUP
- SOLANIC
- ENZYME AND ENZYME PRODUCTS COMPANIES
- DIVERSIFIED NATURAL PRODUCTS (DNP)
- PHYTOMEDICS INC.
- GENENCOR INTERNATIONAL
- SYNGENTA
- DIVERSA
- CODEXIS
- BBI INTERNATIONAL
- DYADIC INTERNATIONAL
- BIOETHANOL PRODUCERS
- ARCHER DANIELS MIDLANDS
- BROIN
- BRITISH PETROLEUM
- PACIFIC ETHANOL
- NOVOZYMES
- CERTIFICATION, INSPECTION AND FINANCE
- INTERTEK
- RABOBANK INTERNATIONAL
- SGS SA
- VOGELBUSCH GMBH
- BIOPOWER COMPANIES
- FIRMGREEN ENERGY, INC. (FGE)
- FIRST NATIONAL POWER CORP. (FNPR)
- FUEL CAT LTD
- FRASER VALLEY AGPOWER INC.
- GEM CANADA WASTE TO ENERGY INC
- GENERAL ELECTRIC
- BIODIESEL PRODUCERS
- BIOVERDA
- DESMET BALLESTRA
- GLOBAL BIO-DIESEL SDN BHD
- BRAZIL ECODIESEL INDUSTRIA E COMERCIO DE BIOCOMBUSTIVEIS E OLEOS
VEGETAIS S.A.
- FERMENTATION PRODUCTS
- IOGEN
- GS CLEAN TECH
- SUNOPTA
- ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY
- METABOLIX, INC.
- ALFA LAVAL
- AGROETANOL
- GENESIS TECHNOLOGIES
- GESTION DE ACEITES VEGETALES, SL (GAVE)
- MOMENTUM BIOFUELS
- ULTRA SOY OF AMERICA, LLC
- VERASUN ENERGY CORPORATION
- E-BIOFUELS, LLC
- ADVANCED BIOREFINERY INC
- GIT ASSOCIATES
- GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC (GES)
- PACIFIC BIODIESEL, INC.
- IMPERIUM RENEWABLES
- BORINGQUEN FOREST CORP
- CARGILL INDUSTRIAL OILS & LUBRICANTS
- COSAN
- MASCOMA CORPORATION
- NESTE OIL CORPORATION
- WORLD ENERGY ALTERNATIVES, LLC
- MKS INSTRUMENTS
- BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
- NABI BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
- CHOREN INDUSTRIES GMBH
- AMEC
- BIOFUELS CORPORATION TRADING LIMITED
- INFINITY BIO-ENERGY
- PETROBRAS
- BROIN COMPANIES
- XENTHOL CORPORATION
- NORTH AMERICA BIOFUELS COMPANY (NABFC)
- PIEDMONT BIOFUELS
- SPECIALTY ENZYMES AND BIOCHEMICALS CO.
- RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND UNIVERSITIES
- CORNELL UNIVERSITY
- UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER
- BIOMASS ENERGY RESOURCE CENTER, INC.
- ANKUR SCIENTIFIC ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD
- UNITED ENGINEERING (EASTERN) CORPORATION
- PB POWER
- ABWASSER UND ABFALLTECHNIK GMBH & CO
- ALPHA UMWELTTECHNIK AG
- AUSTRIAN BIOFUELS INSTITUTE
- BIOMASS SYNGAS DEVELOPMENT, INC.
- BIOMASS TECHNOLOGY GROUP BV
- BIOTECHNISCHE ABFALLVERWERTUNG GMBH & CO KG
- Biogas Plants, Process for Anaerobic Digestion of Biowaste
- HUMAN BIOSYSTEMS
- MICROGY
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