Report: Enabling Technologies for High-Performance Computing TOC

Enabling Technologies for High-Performance Computing
Chapter 1 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- Summary Table: GLOBAL MARKET PROJECTIONS FOR KEY HPC TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
- Summary Figure: PROJECTED TRENDS IN KEY HPC HARDWARE GLOBAL MARKET SHARES, 2006 AND 2012 (% OF TOTAL HARDWARE SALES)
Chapter 2 - OVERVIEW
- DEFINITIONS
- SCOPE OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING
  - Measuring HPC Performance
  - LINPACK
  - NAS Parallel Benchmarks
  - HPC Challenge Benchmarks
- SUPERCOMPUTERS: A SUBSET OF HPC
- HPC VS HIGH-PERFORMANCE TECHNICAL COMPUTING
- HPC VS HIGH THROUGHPUT COMPUTING
Table 1 HPC VS. HTC
- HISTORY OF HPC
Table 2 MAJOR HPC MILESTONES
Table 2 (CONTINUED)
- HPC ARCHITECTURES
  - VECTOR PROCESSING
  - PARALLEL PROCESSING
    - Symmetric Multiprocessing
    - Massively Parallel Processing
    - Clustering
      - Beowulf Clusters
      - Constellations
      - Grid Computing
- SPECIALLY DESIGNED SYSTEMS
- HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS
- MARKET FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTERS
  - MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH TRENDS
Table 3 GLOBAL MARKET PROJECTION FOR HPC SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 1 PROJECTED TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL HPC SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE MARKET, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)
- MARKET SEGMENTATION
  - Architecture Segments
Table 4 GLOBAL HPC HARDWARE SALES PROJECTIONS BY TYPE OF ARCHITECTURE, THROUGH 2012* ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 2GLOBAL MARKET PROJECTIONS FOR HPC ARCHITECTURE BY SEGMENT, 2006-2012 (% OF TOTAL HPC EXPENDITURES)
- Operating System Segments
Figure 3 TOP 500 SUPERCOMPUTERS BY OPERATING SYSTEMS (% OF TOP 500 SUPERCOMPUTERS)
Figure 3 (CONTINUED)
- End-User Segments
Figure 4 HPC END-USER SEGMENTS, 2006 (% OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES)
Figure 4 (CONTINUED)
- Vendors
Figure 5 HPC VENDOR MARKET SEGMENTS, 2006 (% OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES)
Figure 5 (CONTINUED)
- Geography
Figure 6 HPC GEOGRAPHICAL MARKET SEGMENTS, 2006 (% OF TOP 500 SUPERCOMPUTER SITES)
Figure 6 (CONTINUED)
- ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR HPC
- KEY ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
  - High-performance Microprocessors
  - Memory
  - Storage
  - Interconnects
  - Thermal Management
  - Software
- MARKET FOR KEY HPC ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
Table 5 GLOBAL MARKET PROJECTIONS FOR KEY HPC ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 7GLOBAL MARKET TREND PROJECTIONS FOR KEY HPC ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)
HPC Hardware
Table 6 GLOBAL MARKET PROJECTIONS FOR KEY HPC ENABLING HARDWARE TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 8 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE PROJECTIONS FOR KEY HPC ENABLING HARDWARE TECHNOLOGIES, 2006-2012 (% OF TOTAL HPC ENABLING HARDWARE MARKET)
Chapter 3 - HPC PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGIES
- INTRODUCTION
- HPC PROCESSOR PERFORMANCE EQUIREMENTS/PARAMETERS
  - FLOATING POINT PERFORMANCE
  - MEMORY PERFORMANCE
  - SCALABILITY
  - POWER CONSUMPTION
CURRENT/ FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES
- VECTOR PROCESSORS
  - Cray X1E Multi-Streaming Processor
  - NEC-SX-8
- RISC PROCESSORS
  - PA-RISC
  - DEC Alpha
  - MIPS
  - SPARC
  - POWER Processors
COMMERCIAL OFF-THE-SHELF PROCESSORS
- AMD
- Opteron
INTEL
- Itanium
- Xeon
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
- Cell
- FGPAs
  - FGPAs (Continued)
- Processing in Memory
- Heterogeneous Processing
- Co-Processors
  - GPU Co-Processors
    - CPU and GPU on the Same Chip
    - GPU Co-Processor and CPU Chip Directly Connected
    - GPU Co-Processor Bus-Connected with CPU
    - Cell Processor as Co-Processor
    - Other Types of HPC Co-Processors
- SUPPLIERS
Table 7 HPC PROCESSOR AND COPROCESSOR SUPPLIERS
Figure 9 HPC PROCESSOR GLOBAL MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)
- PATENT ANALYSIS
Figure 10 U.S. HPC PROCESSOR PATENTS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY (% OF PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH JULY 15, 2007)
Figure 11 U.S. HPC PROCESSOR PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE (% OF PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH JULY 15, 2007)
- MARKET
Table 8 GLOBAL HPC PROCESSOR MARKET PROJECTIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 12 HPC PROCESSOR MARKET SEGMENTATION, 2006 (%)
Figure 13GLOBAL HPC PROCESSOR MARKET SHARE PROJECTIONS, 2006-2012 (% OF TOTAL HPC PROCESSOR SALES)
Chapter 4 - HPC MEMORY TECHNOLOGIES
- INTRODUCTION
- HPC MEMORY PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS/PARAMETERS
- LATENCY
- BANDWIDTH
- POWER CONSUMPTION
- HEAT OUTPUT
CURRENT/ FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES
HPC MEMORY ARCHITECTURES
- Shared Memory
- Distributed Shared Memory
- TYPES OF RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY USED IN HPC
  - SDRAM
  - RDRAM
  - DDR-SDRAM
  - Future Developments in RAM Technology with Potential HPC Applications
    - Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory
    - Nanoscale Random Access Memory
SUPPLIERS
Table 9 DRAM SUPPLIERS
- PATENT ANALYSIS
Figure 14 U.S. PATENTS RELATING TO SELECTED RAM TECHNOLOGIES (% OF PATENTS ISSUED SINCE 1975)
Figure 15 U.S. RAM PATENT HOLDERS (% OF TOTAL)
- MARKET
Table 10 GLOBAL HPC RAM MARKET PROJECTIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
Chapter 5 - HPC INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGIES
- INTRODUCTION
HPC INTERCONNECT PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
- BANDWIDTH AND LATENCY
- SCALABILITY
- RELIABILITY
- PRICE/PERFORMANCE
CURRENT AND FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES
SHARED BUS ARCHITECTURES
- Ethernet
SWITCHED FABRIC ARCHITECTURES
- Fibre Channel
- Myrinet
- QsNet
- InfiniBand
- Other Interconnect Technologies
- SUPPLIERS
Table 11 INTERCONNECT SUPPLIERS
- PATENT ANALYSIS
Figure 16 U.S. PATENTS RELATING TO HPC INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGIES (% OF PATENTS ISSUED SINCE 1975)
Figure 17 U.S. HPC INTERCONNECT PATENT HOLDERS (% OF ALL U.S. RAM PATENTS)
- MARKETS
Figure 18 HPC INTERCONNECT MARKET SEGMENTS, 2006 (% OF TOTAL INTERCONNECT SALES)
Table 12GLOBAL HPC INTERCONNECT SALES PROJECTIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 19 GLOBAL HPC INTERCONNECT SALES TRENDS PROJECTIONS, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)
Chapter 6 - STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
- INTRODUCTION
- HPC STORAGE REQUIREMENTS/PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
  - TRANSPARENT DATA ACCESS
  - COLLABORATIVE DATA ACCESS
- SEAMLESS INTEGRATION
- RESILIENCY AND AVAILABILITY
- CENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT
- QUALITY OF SERVICE
- INTEGRATED DATA SERVICES
- TECHNOLOGIES
  - STORAGE ARCHITECTURES
  - Local Storage
  - Network Storage
STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
- Controllers, Switches, and Other Interface Devices
  - NAS Devices
  - Fibre Channel Devices
  - ISCSI Hardware
  - Storage Media
  - Raid Drives
    - RAID Implementations
    - Controllers and Interfaces
- Developments in Storage Technologies
  - Storage Disks
Figure 20 INCREASE IN HARD DISK DRIVE AREAL DENSITY OVER TIME
- Perpendicular Recording
- Holographic Storage
- Read-Write Heads
- Read-Write Head Technology Trends
SUPPLIERS
Table 13 SUPPLIERS OF DATA STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE AND MEDIA FOR HPC
Table 13 (CONTINUED)
- PATENT ANALYSIS
Figure 21 HPC STORAGE-RELATED PATENTS BY TYPE OF ARCHITECTURE (% OF ALL HPC STORAGE-RELATED PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH JULY 1, 2007)
Figure 21 (CONTINUED)
Figure 22 HPC STORAGE-RELATED PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE(% OF ALL HPC STORAGE-RELATED PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH JULY 1, 2007)
Figure 22 (CONTINUED)
- MARKET
Figure 23 HPC STORAGE MARKET PRODUCT SEGMENTS, 2006(% OF TOTAL SALES)
Table 14 GLOBAL HPC STORAGE MARKET PROJECTIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 24 TRENDS IN HPC STORAGE GLOBAL MARKET, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 15 GLOBAL HPC HARD DISK DRIVE MARKET PROJECTIONS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 25 GLOBAL HPC HARD DISK DRIVE TECHNOLOGY MARKET PROJECTIONS BY SEGMENT, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)
Chapter 7 - THERMAL MANAGEMENT
- INTRODUCTION
Figure 26 MAJOR CAUSES OF ELECTRONIC FAILURE (% OF OCCURRENCES)
- THERMAL MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS/ PARAMETERS
  - THERMAL TOLERANCES
  - THERMAL PERFORMANCE
  - HOT SPOTS
  - RELIABILITY
  - NOISE LEVELS
- CURRENT/ FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES
  - LIQUID COOLING
    - Closed vs. Open Loop Airflow Systems
    - Water-Chilled Doors
    - SprayCool
    - Non-Water Liquid Cooling Systems
    - Chip-Based Cooling Systems
    - Other Liquid Cooling Technologies
      - Heat Pipes
      - Cold Plates
    - FORCED AIR COOLING
    - HEAT SINKS
    - THERMOELECTRIC COOLERS
- SUPPLIERS
Table 16 SUPPLIERS OF THERMAL MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS FOR HPC
- PATENT ANALYSIS
Figure 27 U.S. THERMAL MANAGEMENT PATENTS WITH HPC APPLICATIONS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY (% OF HPC THERMAL MANAGEMENT PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH 7/1/2007)
Figure 28 U.S. THERMAL MANAGEMENT PATENTS WITH HPC APPLICATIONS BY ASSIGNEE (% OF HPC THERMAL MANAGEMENT PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH 7/1/2007)
- MARKETS
Figure 29 HPC COOLING HARDWARE MARKET SHARES BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY, 2006 (% OF TOTAL HPC THERMAL MANAGEMENT HARDWARE SALES)
Table 17 GLOBAL HPC COOLING HARDWARE MARKET PROJECTIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 30 GLOBAL HPC COOLING HARDWARE MARKET SHARE PROJECTIONS, 2006-2012 (% OF TOTAL HPC COOLING HARDWARE SALES)
Chapter 8 - HPC SOFTWARE
- INTRODUCTION
- HPC SOFTWARE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS/PARAMETERS
  - SCALABILITY
  - PORTABILITY
  - RELIABILITY
  - SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTIVITY
- CURRENT/ FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES
- PARALLEL APPLICATIONS
Figure 31 NUMBER OF PROCESSORS USED BY TYPICAL HPC APPLICATONS FOR SINGLE JOBS
- PARALLEL PROGRAMMING
  - Open MP
  - Message Passing Interface
  - Hybrid OpenMP-MPI
- DEBUGGING
  - HPC Software Debuggers
  - Memory Debuggers
- DEVELOPERS/ VENDORS
Table 18 HPC SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS AND VENDORS
- PATENTS
Figure 32 U.S. PARALLEL SOFTWARE AND PARALLEL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PATENTS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY (% OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH 7/1/2007)
Figure 33 U.S. PARALLEL SOFTWARE AND PARALLEL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE (% OF ALL PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH 7/1/2007)
- MARKETS
Figure 34 HPC SOFTWARE SOURCES (% OF HPC APPLICATIONS DEVELOPED)
Table 19GLOBAL COMMERCIAL HPC SOFTWARE SALE PROJECTIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 35 PROJECTED TRENDS IN GLOBAL COMMERCIAL HPC SOFTWARE SALES, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)
- MARKETS (CONTINUED)
Chapter 9 - COMPANY PROFILES
- ABSOFT CORP.
- ACUSIM SOFTWARE, INC.
- ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES
- AGEIA
- ALLINEA SOFTWARE
- ALTAIR ENGINEERING, INC.
- ALTERA CORP.
- BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC.
- BULL RUE JEAN JAURÈS
- CELOXICA, LTD.
- CLEARSPEED TECHNOLOGY, INC.
- COLOSSAL STORAGE CORP.
- COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING INT' L
- CRAY, INC.
- CROSSWALK, INC.
- DATA DIRECT NETWORKS, INC.
- DOT HILL SYSTEMS CORP.
- DRC COMPUTER CORP.
- ELPIDA MEMORY, INC.
- EVERGRID, INC.
- EXANET, LTD.
- EMC CORP.
- FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
- FUJITSU, LTD.
- HEWLETT PACKARD CO.
- HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS CORP.
- HITACHI GLOBAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
- INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP.
- INTEL CORP.
- ISILON SYSTEMS, INC.
- KNÜRR AG
- LIEBERT CORP.
- MAPLESOFT
- THE MATHWORKS
- MELLANOX TECHNOLOGIES, LTD.
- MERCURY COMPUTER SYSTEMS, INC.
- MIPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- MITRIONICS AB
- MYRICOM, INC.
- NANTERO, INC.
- NEC CORP.
- NETWORK APPLIANCE, INC.
- NVIDIA CORP.
- PANASAS, INC.
- PEAKSTREAM, INC.
- THE PORTLAND GROUP, INC.
- QLOGIC CORP.
- QUADRICS, LTD.
- RAMBUS, INC.
- RITTAL GMBH & CO. KG
- SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.
- SCALI, INC.
- SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY, LLC
- SILICON GRAPHICS, INC.
- SPRAYCOOL, INC.
- SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC.
- THERMACORE
- TOSHIBA CORP.
- TOTALVIEW TECHNOLOGIES
- VOLTAIRE, INC.
- XIRANET GMBH
- XTREMEDATA, INC.
- XYRATEX TECHNOLOGY, LTD.

Enabling Technologies for High-Performance Computing

Table of Contents