Table of Contents
Chapter- 1: SUMMARY
- SUMMARY TABLE TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF END-USE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL
PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- SUMMARY FIGURE A ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS COMPARISON AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL
CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTION, 2008 (%)
- SUMMARY FIGURE B ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS COMPARISON AS A PRCENTAGE OF TOTAL
CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTION, 2013 (%)
Chapter- 2: OVERVIEW
- HISTORY OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
- FROM PLANTS TO FOSSIL FUEL CHEMICALS
- GREEN CHEMISTRY BEGINNINGS
- THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
- TABLE 1 REPRESENTATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCT MARKET ($ BILLIONS)
- NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
- GREEN CHEMISTRY DEFINED
- Environmentally Benign Chemicals
- Green Initiatives
- Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry
- Twelve Principles … (Continued)
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
- POLLUTION PREVENTION
- SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
- DEPENDENCE ON FOSSIL FUELS
- WASTE GENERATION AND BYPRODUCTS
- EMISSION STANDARDS
- NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
- OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES
- MAJOR BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
- MAJOR BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS
- MAJOR END PRODUCTS OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
- MAJOR ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- MANUFACTURERS
- SALES OPPORTUNITIES
- FORECASTING PRODUCT SALES
Chapter- 3: PRODUCTS
- FEEDSTOCKS
- DEFINITION OF FEEDSTOCKS USED IN ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTION
- FEEDSTOCK CATEGORIES
- TABLE 2 TOTAL U.S. CROP AND WASTE BASED FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CHEMICAL
MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ TONS)
- TABLE 3 TOTAL U.S. BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR BIOBASED CHEMICAL
MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- Crop-Based Feedstocks
- TABLE 4 TOTAL U.S. CROP-BASED FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CHEMICAL
MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ TONS)
- TABLE 5 TOTAL U.S. CROP-BASED FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CHEMICAL
MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- Corn
- Soy-Based Feedstocks
- Perennial Grasses
- Sugar Crops
- Sucrose
- Specialty Sucrose Esters
- Miscellaneous Plant Crops
- Miscellaneous Grain Crops
- Woody Crops
- Microbial Feedstocks
- TABLE 6 TOTAL U.S. MICROBIAL BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CHEMICAL
MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- Microorganism Biomass Feedstocks
- Enzymes
- Celluloses and Hydrolyses
- Biotechnology Trends
- Waste Biomass Feedstocks
- TABLE 7 TOTAL U.S. WASTE-BASED FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CHEMICAL
MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ TONS)
- TABLE 8 TOTAL U.S. WASTE-BASED FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CHEMICAL
MANUFACTURING, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- Crop Waste
- Crop Waste (Continued)
- Wood Residues
- Industrial Waste
- Municipal Solid Waste Residues
- Biomass Feedstock Negatives
- Future Feedstock Sales
- BIOBASED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
- TRADITIONAL CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
- Inorganic Chemical Products
- Organic Chemical Products
- Alternative Chemical Products versus Petrochemical Products
- PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
- Oil and Gas Prices a Major Factor
- Cost of Processing Chemicals
- TABLE 9 COST OF PROCESSING CHEMICALS, PETROCHEMICAL VS. BIOBASED
ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, 2008 (%)
- FIGURE 1 COST OF PROCESSING CHEMICALS, PETROCHEMICAL VS. BIOBASED
ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, 2008 (%)
- BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCT MARKET
- Novel Properties
- TABLE 10 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2013 ($
BILLIONS)
- TABLE 11 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, COMPARISON BY
CATEGORY, 2008 ($ BILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 2 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, COMPARISON BY
CATEGORY, 2008 (%)
- Alternative Chemical Use of Biomass Feedstocks
- TABLE 12 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTLERNATIVE CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- TABLE 13 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 3 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTLERNATIVE CHEMICALS, 2008 (%)
- TABLE 14 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL USE OF CROP-BASED BIOMASS
FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- TABLE 15 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL USE OF WASTE-BASED BIOMASS
FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- TABLE 16 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL USE OF MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS,
THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- Biobased Bulk Alternative Chemical Market
- TABLE 17 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED BULK CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2013 ($
BILLIONS)
- TABLE 18 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE BULK CHEMICALS,
COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2008 ($ BILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 4 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE BULK CHEMICALS,
COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2008 (%)
- Organic Acids
- Lactic Acid
- Glycerol
- Ethanol
- Miscellaneous Solvents
- Miscellaneous Resins
- Other Bulk Chemicals
- Feedstocks Used in Alternative Bulk Chemical Production
- TABLE 19 BIOBASED BULK USE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2-13 ($ MILLIONS)
- TABLE 20 COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTERNATIVE BULK CHEMICALS AND TOTAL BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK MARKET, 2008 ($
MILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 5 COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTLERNATIVE BULK CHEMICALS AND TOTAL BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK MARKET, 2008 ($
MILLIONS)
- TABLE 21 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTERNATIVE BULK CHEMICALS, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 6 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTLERNATIVE BULK CHEMICALS, 2008 (%)
- TABLE 22 BIOBASED BULK USE OF CROP-BASED BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013
($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 23 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE BULK CHEMICAL USE OF WASTE-BASED BIOMASS
FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 24 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE BULK CHEMICAL USE OF MICROBIAL FEEDSTOCKS,
THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- Biobased Specialty and Fine Alternative Chemical Market
- TABLE 25 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS,
THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 26 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS,
COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2008 ($ BILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 7 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS,
COMPARISON BY CATEGORY, 2008 (%)
- Specialty Fine Chemicals
- Agrochemicals
- Enzymes
- TABLE 27 ALTERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICAL USE OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS,
THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- TABLE 28 COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS AND TOTAL BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK MARKET, 2008
($ MILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 8 COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTLERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS AND TOTAL BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK MARKET,
2008 ($ MILLIONS)
- TABLE 29 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTLERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 9 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTLERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICALS, 2008 (%)
- TABLE 30 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICAL USE OF CROP- BASED
BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- TABLE 31 BIOBASED SPECIALTY/FINE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL USE OF WASTE-BASED
BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- TABLE 32 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE SPECIALTY/FINE CHEMICAL USE OF MICROBIAL
FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- Biobased Polymer Alternative Chemical Market
- TABLE 33 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED POLYMERS, THROUGH 2013 ($
MILLIONS)
- TABLE 34 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMERS, COMPARISON BY
CATEGORY, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 10 U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMERS, COMPARISON BY
CATEGORY, 2008 (%)
- Polylactic Acid (PLA)
- Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)
- 1,3 Propanediol (PDO)
- Starch Polymers
- Cellulose Polymer
- Other Polymers
- Microbial Sources and Polymers
- TABLE 35 BIOBASED POLYMER USE OF OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK, THROUGH 2013 ($
MILLIONS)
- TABLE 36 COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTERNATIVE POLYMERS AND TOTAL BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK MARKET, 2008
($ MILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 11 COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION
OF ALTLERNATIVE POLYMERS AND TOTAL BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK MARKET, 2008 ($ MILLIONS)
- TABLE 37 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTERNATIVE POLYMERS, 2008 ($ MILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 12 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS FOR PRODUCTION OF
ALTERNATIVE POLYMERS CHEMICALS, 2008 (%)
- TABLE 38 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMER CHEMICAL USE OF CROP-BASED BIOMASS
FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- TABLE 39 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMER CHEMICAL USE OF WASTE-BASED BIOMASS
FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- TABLE 40 BIOBASED ALTERNATIVE POLYMER CHEMICAL USE OF MICROBIAL
FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- MARKET BY ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS
- FORECASTS ON SALES FOR ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS
- TABLE 41 TOTAL U.S. PRODUCTION OF END-USE ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS,
THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- Forecasts on Sales for (Continued)
- TABLE 42 ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS COMPARISON AS A PERCENTAGE
OF TOTAL CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTION, 2008 AND 2013 ($ BILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 13 ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS END-USE PRODUCT SHARES OF TOTAL
ALTERNATIVE END-USE PRODUCTS, 2008 (%)
- FIGURE 14 ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS END-USE PRODUCT SHARES OF TOTAL
ALTERNATIVE END-USE PRODUCTS, 2013 (%)
- Forecasts on Sales for (Continued)
- ALTERNATIVE END-USE PRODUCT CATEGORIES
- Alternative Plastics
- Biobased and Biodegradable Plastic Technology
- Resins, Polyesters, and Plastics
- Specialty Plastics
- TABLE 43 ALTERNATIVE PLASTICS USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($
MILLIONS)
- Alternative Pharmaceutical Products
- New Drug Therapies
- TABLE 44 ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICAL USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH
2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- Alternative Packaging
- TABLE 45 ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($
MILLIONS)
- Alternative Cleaning Products
- Vegetable Cleaners
- TABLE 46 ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($
MILLIONS)
- Alternative Personal Care Products
- TABLE 47 ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS' USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS,
THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- Alternative Agrochemicals
- Fertilizers
- Biodegradable Waste to Compost
- TABLE 48 ALTERNATIVE AGROCHEMICAL USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013
($ MILLIONS)
- Alternative Detergents
- Alternative Detergent Offerings
- TABLE 49 ALTERNATIVE DETERGENT USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($
MILLIONS)
- Alternative Painting and Coatings
- TABLE 50 ALTERNATIVE PAINT AND COATINGS' USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS,
THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- Alternative Adhesive Products
- TABLE 51 ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES' USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013
($ MILLIONS)
- Alternative Lubricants
- TABLE 52 ALTERNATIVE LUBRICANTS' USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013
($ MILLIONS)
- Alternative Pigments and Dyes Products
- TABLE 53 ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS' AND DYES' USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS,
THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
- Alternative Ink Products
- Soy Based Inks
- TABLE 54 ALTERNATIVE INKS' USE OF BIOBASED FEEDSTOCKS, THROUGH 2013 ($
MILLIONS)
- Soy Based Inks (Continued)
Chapter- 4: TECHNOLOGY
- TABLE 55 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO THE CHEMICAL
INDUSTRY
- POLLUTION PREVENTION AND COST SAVINGS
- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- MICROBIAL RESEARCH
- LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT
- CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- PROCESS EFFICIENCIES AND PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP
- NONTRADITIONAL CHEMICAL PROCESSING
- IMPORTANT RESEARCH AREAS
- FIGURE 15 DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- Creating Robust Measurement Techniques
- Chemical Pathways
- REAGENTS
- SOLVENTS
- WATER
- IONIC LIQUIDS
- SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
- CATALYSTS
- FERMENTATION
- BIOPROCESSING
- Biorefineries
- COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN
- PRODUCT AND PROCESSES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- COMMERCIAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS R&D
- Cargill and Novozymes
- Natureworks, LLC
- Rohm and Haas and Novasep
- Ashland Inc.
- Metabolix
- Ashland Inc. and Cargill
- The Dow Chemical Company and Crystalsev
- Vertec BioSolvents, Inc.
- Meredian, Inc.
- DuPont
- ACADEMIC PRODUCT AND PROCESS R & D
- Rice University
- University of Oregon
- Polytechnic University
- University of California
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Iowa State University
- National Science Foundation (NSF) Academic R&D
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- University of South Florida
- University of Texas at Arlington
- Oregon State University
- Illinois Wesleyan University
- University of New Mexico
- GOVERNMENT R & D
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
- Agriculture Research Service (ARS)
- ARS: "Valuable Polysaccharide-Based Products from Sugar Beet Pulp and
Citrus Peel"
- ARS: "Industrial Products from New Crops"
- Department of Energy
- Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy - Biomass Program
- Office of Science-Office of Basic Energy Sciences
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- "Value-Added Products from Hemicellulose Utilization in Dry-Mill Ethanol
Plants"
- "Isosorbide Production"
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory-The Plant Genomics Group
- PATENTS
- PATENTS BY COMPANY
- TABLE 56 PATENTS BY COMPANY
- Patents by Company (Continued)
- TABLE 57 PATENTS ISSUED BY TECHNOLOGY AND YEAR, 2005-2007
- PATENT REVIEW
- U.S. Patent No. 6,320,077: Lactic Acid Processing; Methods; Arrangements;
and Product
- U.S. Patent No. 5,656,682: Polymer Composition Comprising Esterified
Starch and Esterified Cellulose
- U.S. Patent No. 7,217,545: Method for Production of Lactic Acid
- U.S. Patent No. 7,294,486: Enzymatic Process for the Synthesis of Organo-
fluorine Compounds
- U.S. Patent No. 7,247,230: Electrochemical Synthesis and Processing of
Conducting Polymers in Supercritical Media
- U.S. Patent No. 7,229,804: Biological Systems for Manufacture of
Polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers Containing 4-hydroxyacids
- U.S. Patent No. 7,285,523: Enzyme-containing Granule and Detergent
Composition
- U.S. Patent No. 7,309,805: Method and System to Contact an Ionic Liquid
Catalyst with Oxygen to Improve a Chemical Reaction
- U.S. Patent No. 7,275,572: Eco Tire
- U.S. Patent No. 7,275,572: Eco Tire (Continued)
Chapter- 5: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKET COMPETITION
- MARKET DYNAMICS FOR ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
- MARKET DRIVERS
- Alternative Chemical Costs
- Product Price
- Regulations
- Environmental Drivers
- Research and Development
- TABLE 58 ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL R&D EXPENDITURES VERSUS MARKETING
EXPENDITURES, 2008 (%)
- GOVERNMENT FUND OF R&D
- Capital Investment Essential
- COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
- Branding
- Environmental Image
- Chemical Industry Voluntary Programs
- Responsible Care
- Economies of Scale
- Alliances
- Production Innovation
- COMPANIES
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Industries
- Agriculture Industry
- Biomass Feedstock Processors Market Share
- TABLE 59 BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PROCESSORS' MARKET SHARE COMPARISON, 2008 ($
MILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 16 BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK PROCESSORS' MARKET SHARE COMPARISON, BY TIER
2008 (%)
- Alternative Chemical Manufacturer' s Market Share
- TABLE 60 BIOBASED CHEMICAL MANUFACTURERS' MARKET SHARE COMPARISON, 2008 ($
BILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 17 BIOBASED CHEMICAL MANUFACTURES' MARKET SHARE COMPARISON, BY
TIER, 2008 (%)
- COMPANY SIZE
- SMALL TO MEDIUM COMPANIES
- LEADERSHIP
- PRESIDENTIAL GREEN CHEMISTRY CHALLENGE AWARDS
- TABLE 61 PRESIDENTIAL GREEN CHEMISTRY CHALLENGE AWARD WINNERS, 2005-2007
- TABLE 61 (CONTINUED)
- SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
- GLOBAL COMPETITION
Chapter- 6: INTERNATIONAL MARKET
- INTERNATIONAL MARKET DYNAMICS
- FOREIGN INVESTMENT
- CHALLENGED BY DEVELOPING REGIONS
- GLOBALIZATION
- SUPPLY AND DEMAND
- GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
- A SHIFT TO BIOBASED AND BIOTECHNOLOGIES
- U.S. EXPORTS
- TABLE 62 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE
PRODUCTS-EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 63 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PLASTICS- EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH
2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 64 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PHARMACEUTICALS- EXPORTS/IMPORTS,
THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 65 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING
PRODUCTS-EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- U.S. EXPORTS (CONTINUED)
- TABLE 66 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PRODUCTS-EXPORTS/IMPORTS,
THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 67 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PERSONAL CARE
PRODUCTS-EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 68 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE AGROCHEMICALS- EXPORTS/IMPORTS,
THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 69 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE DETERGENTS-EXPORTS/IMPORTS,
THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 70 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PAINTING & COATINGS-
EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- U.S. EXPORTS (CONTINUED)
- TABLE 71 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ADHESIVES-EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH
2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 72 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE LUBRICANTS-XPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH
2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 73 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE PIGMENTS AND DYES-
EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 74 U.S. PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE INKS EXPORTS/IMPORTS, THROUGH 2013
($ BILLIONS)
- WORLDWIDE REGIONAL MARKETS
- TABLE 75 WORLDWIDE REGIONAL PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE
PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 76 GLOBAL COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE
PRODUCTION, 2008 ($ BILLIONS, %)
- FIGURE 18 GLOBAL COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE
PRODUCTION, 2008 (%)
- TABLE 77 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL END-USE PRODUCTS,
THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
- TABLE 77 (CONTINUED)
- WESTERN EUROPE
- EASTERN EUROPE
- CANADA
- LATIN AMERICA
- Brazil
- Mexico
- ASIA PACIFIC
- China
- China' s Environmental Regulations
- Japan
- INDUSTRIAL VERSUS DEVELOPING REGIONS
- Industrialized Countries
- Advanced Technology
- INTERNATIONAL REGULATION AND AGREEMENTS
- EUROPEAN UNION REGULATION
- Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals
(Reach)
- THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
- UNITED NATIONAL GLOBAL COMPACT
- INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES
- INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENTS
- Akzo Nobel and ICI
- Bayer
- BASF
- Braskem
- Croda
- Crystalsev
- DSM
- Indorama
- Neochim
- Novamont
- Novozymes A/S
- PHB Industrial S.A.
- Plantic
- Purac
- Rhodia
- Roquette and DSM
- Solanic
- Solvay
- Tate & Lyle
- Teijin Group
- FINANCING AND EXPORT ASSISTANCE
- EX-IM BANK
- EXPORT WORKING CAPITAL PROGRAM
- OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION
- COMMERCIAL BANKS
Chapter- 7: REGULATION
- HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
- STATE AND FEDERAL INTERACTIONS
- EPCRA
- EPA' S GREEN CHEMISTRY FOCUS
- THE CLEAN AIR ACT
- WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT
- CLEAN WATER ACT
- CLEAN WATER ACT AMENDMENTS
- RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT
- "CRADLE-TO-GRAVE" CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
- POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT
- TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT
- MICROBIAL PRODUCTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY; FINAL REGULATIONS UNDERTHE TOXIC
SUBSTANCE CONTROL ACT
- TSCA INVENTORY NOMENCLATURE AND REPORTING FOR ENZYMES
- BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2000
- BIOMASS RESEARCH AND …(CONTINUED)
- THE FOOD, CONSERVATION, AND ENERGY ACT OF 2008
- NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN REGULATION
- H.R. 2850 GREEN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2007
- S.2307 GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2007
- S.1884 HARVESTING ENERGY ACT OF 2007
- H.R.3775 INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2007
- HR 2752 MARKET INCENTIVES FOR BIOBASED PRODUCTS ACT OF 2007
Chapter- 8: COMPANY PROFILES
- AG PROCESSING INC.
- ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY (ADM)
- ASHLAND INC.
- CEREPLAST
- CODEXIS, INC.
- THE DOW CHEMICAL CO.
- DUPONT
- EASTMAN CHEMICAL CO.
- GENENCOR DIVISION, DANISCO US INC.
- METABOLIX
- NATIONAL STARCH AND CHEMICAL COMPANY
- NATUREWORKS LLC
- PENFORD CORP.
- ROHM AND HAAS
- TATE & LYLE
- VERENIUM CORPORATION
- VERTEC BIOSOLVENTS, INC
Chapter- 9: APPENDIX: REFERENCES
- WORKS CITED
- WORKS CITED (CONTINUED)
- WORKS CITED (CONTINUED)
- WORKS CITED (CONTINUED)
- WORKS CITED (CONTINUED)
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