U.S. Markets for Addiction & Substance Abuse Treatment

Table of Contents

U.S. Markets for Addiction & Substance Abuse Treatment

Chapter-1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• SUMMARY TABLE U.S. MARKET FOR ADDICTION AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENTS AND DIAGNOSTICS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• SUMMARY FIGURE U.S. MARKET FOR ADDICTION AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENTS AND DIAGNOSTICS, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)

Chapter-2: INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

• HISTORY OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• OVERVIEW OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• OVERVIEW OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE (CONTINUED)
• MODELS OF ADDICTION
• ADDICTION THEORIES
• Biological Theories
• Psychological Theories
• Sociocultural Theories
• PATTERNS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• RISK FACTORS
• ADDICTIVE PROCESS
• DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS
  • TABLE 1 U.S. POPULATION BY SELECTED AGE GROUPS AND BY PERCENT OF TOTAL POPULATION, 2005-2007 (MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 1 U.S. POPULATION BY SELECTED AGE GROUPS, 2006-2008 (MILLIONS)
  • TABLE 2 WORLDWIDE POPULATION BY SELECTED AGE GROUPS AND BY PERCENT OF TOTAL POPULATION, 2005-2007 (MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 2 WORLDWIDE POPULATION BY SELECTED AGE GROUPS, 2006-2008 (MILLIONS)
• TOBACCO USE
  • FIGURE 3 PAST MONTH OF TOBACCO USE AMONG PERSONS AGED 12 OR OLDER BY TYPE OF TOBACCO USE, 2005 (MILLION PEOPLE)
• Age
  • FIGURE 4 PAST MONTH OF TOBACCO USE AMONG PERSONS AGED 12 OR OLDER, 2005 (%)
• Gender
  • FIGURE 5 PAST MONTH OF TOBACCO USE FOR MALES AND FEMALES AGED 12 OR OLDER, 2005 (%)
• Race/Ethnicity
  • FIGURE 6 PAST MONTH OF TOBACCO USE AMONG PERSONS AGED 12 OR OLDER BY RACE/ETHNICITY, 2005 (%)
• Education
  • FIGURE 7 PAST MONTH OF TOBACCO USE AMONG PERSONS AGED 18 OR OLDER BY EDUCATION LEVEL, ESTIMATED, 2006 (%)
• College Students
  • FIGURE 8 PAST MONTH OF TOBACCO USE ENROLLMENT STATUS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS AGED 18 TO 22, ESTIMATED, 2006 (%)
• Employment
  • FIGURE 9 PAST MONTH OF TOBACCO BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS 18 AND OLDER, ESTIMATED, 2006 (%)
• Geographic Area
  • FIGURE 10 PAST MONTH OF TOBACCO USE BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION BASED ON POPULATION DENSITY FOR AGES 12 OR OLDER, ESTIMATED, 2006 (%)
• Association of Tobacco Use with Illicit Drug and Alcohol Use
  • FIGURE 11 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG, ALCOHOL USE AMONG SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS AGED 12 OR OLDER, ESTIMATED 2006 (%)
• ALCOHOL USE
  • FIGURE 12 ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG ADULTS 18 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY DRINKING STATUS: UNITED STATES, 1997 AND 2006 (%)
• Alcohol Frequency
  • FIGURE 13 PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE AMONG PERSONS AGED 12 OR OLDER BY FREQUENCY: UNITED STATES, 2002-2005 (%)
• Age
  • FIGURE 14 PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE AMONG PERSONS BY AGE, 2005 (%)
• Gender
  • FIGURE 15 PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE FOR MALES AND FEMALES AGE 12 OR OLDER, 2005 (%)
• Pregnant Women
  • FIGURE 16 PAST MONTH OF ALCOHOL USE FOR PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT WOMEN AGED 15-44, ESTIMATED 2002-2007 (%)
• Race/Ethnicity
  • FIGURE 17 PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE AMONG PERSONS AGED 12 OR OLDER BY RACE/ETHNICITY, 2005 (%)
• Education
  • FIGURE 18 PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE AMONG PERSONS AGED 18 OR OLDER BY EDUCATION LEVEL, ESTIMATED, 2005-2006 (%)
• College Students
  • FIGURE 19 PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE ENROLLMENT STATUS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS AGED 18-22, ESTIMATED, 2002 AND 2006 (%)
• Employment
  • FIGURE 20 PAST MONTH ALCOHOL USE BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS 18 AND OLDER, ESTIMATED, 2005-2006 (%)
• Geographic Area
  • FIGURE 21 ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG ADULTS 18 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 1997 AND 2006 (%)
• Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol
  • FIGURE 22 PAST YEAR FREQUENCY OF DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL, AGES 12 OR OLDER, ESTIMATED, 2005 AND 2006 (%)
• ILLICIT DRUG USE
  • FIGURE 23 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE AMONG PERSONS AGED 12 OR OLDER BY TYPE OF DRUG: UNITED STATES, 2002-2005 (%)
  • FIGURE 23 (CONTINUED)
• Age
  • FIGURE 24 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE BY AGE, 2005 (%)
• Gender
  • FIGURE 25 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE FOR MALES AND FEMALES AGED 12 OR OLDER, 2005 (%)
• Pregnant Women
  • FIGURE 26 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE FOR PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT WOMEN AGED 15-44, ESTIMATED, 2005-2006 (%)
• Race/Ethnicity
  • FIGURE 27 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE AMONG PERSONS AGED 12 OR OLDER BY RACE/ETHNICITY, ESTIMATED, 2005
• Education
  • FIGURE 28 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE AMONG PERSONS AGED 18 OR OLDER BY EDUCATION LEVEL, ESTIMATED, 2005-2006
• College Students
  • FIGURE 29 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE BY ENROLLMENT STATUS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS AGED 18-22, ESTIMATED, 2005-2006 (%)
• Employment
  • FIGURE 30 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS 18 AND OLDER, ESTIMATED, 2005-2006 (%)
• Geographic Area
  • FIGURE 31 PAST MONTH ILLICIT DRUG USE FOR GEOGRAPHIC REGION BASED ON POPULATION DENSITY AGES 12 OR OLDER, ESTIMATED, 2005-2006 (%)
• Criminal Justice Populations
  • FIGURE 32 PAST YEAR ILLICIT DRUG USE BY PAROLE AND PROBATION STATUS AGED 18 OR OLDER, ESTIMATED, 2005-2006 (%)
• Frequency of Use
• Association with Cigarette and Alcohol Use
  • FIGURE 33 PAST MONTH ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO USE AMONG ILLICIT DRUG USERS AND NON ILLICIT DRUG USERS AGED 12 OR OLDER, ESTIMATED, 2005 - 2006
• Driving Under the Influence of Illicit Drugs
  • FIGURE 34 PAST YEAR FREQUENCY OF DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ILLICIT DRUGS, AGES 12 OR OLDER, ESTIMATED, 2005-2006 (MILLIONS)
• ADDICTION TREATMENT COSTS SHIFTING
• MANAGED CARE IMPACT
• PARITY LAW
• REIMBURSEMENT ISSUES
  • TABLE 3 FACILITY PAYMENT OPTIONS, BY FACILITY OPERATION AND PRIMARY FOCUS OF FACILITY, MARCH 31, 2006 (PERCENT DISTRIBUTION)
  • TABLE 4 FACILITY PAYMENT OPTIONS, BY FACILITY OPERATION AND PRIMARY FOCUS OF FACILITY: MARCH 31, 2006 (PERCENT DISTRIBUTION)
• ECONOMIC COSTS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
  • TABLE 5 COMPARISON OF COSTS OF MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEMS IN U.S. ($ BILLIONS)
  • TABLE 6 ECONOMIC COSTS TO SOCIETY OF DRUG ABUSE 1992-2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• STUMBLING BLOCKS TO DRUG ABUSE TREATMENT
• NEW AVENUES FOR TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
  • TABLE 7 TOTAL ADMISSIONS TO TREATMENT FACILITIES BY PRIMARY SUBSTANCE AND STATE- ALCOHOL, COCAINE, MARIJUANA AND HEROIN
  • TABLE 7 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 8 TOTAL ADMISSIONS TO TREATMENT FACILITIES BY PRIMARY SUBSTANCE AND STATE- OTHER OPIATES, PCPS, HALUCINOGENS, AMPHETAMINES, OTHER STIMULANTS, AND TRANQUILIZERS
  • TABLE 8 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 9 TOTAL ADMISSIONS TO TREATMENT FACILITIES BY PRIMARY SUBSTANCE AND STATE- SEDATIVES, INHALANTS, AND OTHER
  • TABLE 9 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 10 USE OF SUBSTANCES BY AMONG PERSONS AGED 50 OR OLDER, ESTIMATED 1999 AND PROJECTED 2020 BY GENDER, RACE, AND AGE GROUP, 1999
  • TABLE 11 USE OF SUBSTANCES BY PERSONS AGED 50 OR OLDER, BY GENDER, RACE, AND AGE GROUP, 2020
• REGULATORY ISSUES
• EFFECTS OF POLY DRUG ABUSE
• POLYDRUG USE BY AGE
  • TABLE 12 ADMISSIONS REPORTING POLYDRUG ABUSE, BY AGE GROUP, 2002
• PRIMARY AND SECONDARY USE
• THE UNINSURED
  • TABLE 13 TOP 10 PRINCIPAL DIAGNOSES IN U.S. HOSPITALS WHICH HAVE UNINSURED RATES, 2002
• TREATMENT FACILITIES AND PROGRAMS
• OWNERSHIP OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE FACILITIES
  • TABLE 14 FACILITY OPERATION: NUMBER AND PERCENT DISTRIBUTION, 2002-2006
• TREATMENT COSTS
  • TABLE 15 ESTIMATED TOTAL COSTS FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT AND COST PER ADMISSION, BY TYPE OF CARE: 1997 (INFLATED TO 2002 COST LEVELS)
• RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION PATTERNS
• Culture
• Antabuse
• Basic Methods
• SELF-HELP GROUPS
  • TABLE 16 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF PERSONS AGED 12 OR OLDER WHO ATTENDED A “SELF-HELP” GROUP IN THE PAST YEAR BECAUSE OF THEIR ALCOHOL OR ILLICIT DRUG USE AND OF TOTAL POPULATION AGED 12 & OLDER, BY SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS: 2006 AND 2007
  • TABLE 16 (CONTINUED)
  • FIGURE 35 PERCENTAGES OF PAST YEAR SELF-HELP GROUP ATTENDEES AGED 12 OR OLDER, BY SUBSTANCE(S) FOR WHICH THEY ATTENDED A “SELF-HELP” GROUP, 2006 AND 2007 (%)
  • FIGURE 35 (CONTINUED)
• NATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• BARRIERS TO MARKET ENTRY
• NONACCEPTANCE OF MEDICAL MODELS OF ADDICTION

Chapter-3: PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

• STIMULANTS
• NICOTINE
• Characteristics
• Effects of Use
• Complications
• Therapeutic Management
  • TABLE 17 SMOKING CESSATION PRODUCTS
• Therapeutic Management (Continued)
• AMPHETAMINES
• Characteristics
• Effects of Use
• Complications
• Therapeutic Management
  • TABLE 18 AMPHETAMINE ABUSE TREATMENTS
• COCAINE AND CRACK
• Characteristics
• Effects of Use
• Complications
• Therapeutic Management
  • TABLE 19 COCAINE ABUSE TREATMENTS
• OTHER STIMULANTS
• DEPRESSANTS
• SEDATIVES-HYPNOTICS
• Characteristics
• Effects of Use
• Complications
• Therapeutic Management
• ALCOHOL
• Characteristics
• Effects of Use
• Complications
• Complications (Continued)
• Therapeutic Management
  • TABLE 20 ALCOHOL ABUSE TREATMENTS
• OPIATES
• Characteristics
• Effects of Use
• Complications
• Therapeutic Management
• Methadone
• Other Products
• Other Products (Continued)
  • TABLE 21 OPIATE ABUSE TREATMENTS
• HALLUCINOGENS
• CANNABIS
• Characteristics
• Effects of Use
• Complications
• Therapeutic Management
• LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE, DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE, MESCALINE, AND RELATED SUBSTANCES
• Characteristics
• Characteristics (Continued)
• Effects of Use
• Therapeutic Management
• OTHER HALLUCINOGENS
• INHALANTS AND OTHER DRUGS OF ABUSE
• Gases, Solvents and Nitrites
• Gases, Solvents ..... (Continued)
• Anabolic Steroids
• DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
• URINE TESTING
• SALIVA TESTING
• BLOOD TESTING
• PATCH TESTING
• HAIR TESTING
• SAMHSA POSITIVE DRUG TEST GUIDELINES
  • TABLE 22 POSITIVE DRUG TEST GUIDELINES (NG/ML)
• DRUG TESTING INDEXES
  • TABLE 23 ANNUAL POSITIVITY RATES FOR U.S. WORKERS, BY YEAR 1988-2004 (%)
  • TABLE 24 POSITIVITY RATES FOR U.S. WORKERS BY TESTING REASON, 2000-2004
  • TABLE 25 POSITIVITY RATES FOR U.S. WORKERS BY DRUG CATEGORY AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL POSITIVE TESTS (%)
  • TABLE 25 (CONTINUED)
• POINT-OF-CARE SUBSTANCE ABUSE DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
• Tobacco Testing
  • TABLE 26 POINT-OF-CARE NICOTINE DIAGNOSTIC TEST PRODUCTS
• Jant Pharmacal
• Nymox Pharmaceuticals
• Princeton BioMeditech Corporation
• Alcohol Testing
  • TABLE 27 POINT OF CARE ALCOHOL DIAGNOSTIC TEST PRODUCTS
• Jant Pharmacal
• MEDTOX Scientific, Inc.
• OraSure Technologies
• Princeton BioMeditech Corporation
• Varian, Inc.
• Drug Testing
  • TABLE 28 POINT-OF-CARE DRUG DIAGNOSTIC TESTING PRODUCTS
• Alfa Scientific Designs
• American Bio Medica
• BioScan Screening Systems
• Biosite Diagnostics
• Inverness Medical
• MEDTOX Scientific, Inc.
• OraSure Technologies
• Phamatech
• Princeton BioMeditech
• Psychemedics Corp.
• Varian, Inc.
• Sun Biomedical
• HOME SUBSTANCE ABUSE DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
• Alcohol Testing
  • TABLE 29 ALCOHOL HOME DIAGNOSTIC TESTING PRODUCTS
• Jant Pharmacal
• Sun Biomedical Laboratories
• Drug Testing
  • TABLE 30 DRUG HOME DIAGNOSTIC TESTING PRODUCTS
• Psychemedics
• Dr. Brown' s (Elan Corporation)
• Inverness Medical Innovations, Inc.
• Phamatech
• Princeton BioMeditech
• Psychemedics
• Sun Biomedical Laboratories
• Sun Biomedical ..... (Continued)

Chapter-4: MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH

• MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
  • TABLE 31 U.S. MARKET SIZE OF ADDICTION AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENTS AND DIAGNOSTICS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 36 U.S. MARKET SIZE OF ADDICTION AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENTS AND DIAGNOSTICS, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• PRESCRIPTION AND OVER-THE-COUNTER PHARMACEUTICAL TREATMENTS
• SMOKING CESSATION
• DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE
  • TABLE 32 U.S. MARKET SIZE OF ADDICTION AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE PHARMACEUTICAL TREATMENTS BY TREATMENT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 37 U.S. MARKET SIZE OF ADDICTION AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE PHARMACEUTICAL TREATMENTS BY TREATMENT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
• POINT-OF-CARE TESTING
• HOME TESTING
  • TABLE 33 U.S. MARKET SIZE OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE DIAGNOSTICS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 38 U.S. MARKET SIZE OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE DIAGNOSTICS, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)

Chapter-5: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

• GOALS
• AREAS OF CONCENTRATION
• INDUSTRY NEEDS
• CURRENT DRUGS IN CLINICAL TRIALS
• ALCOHOL TREATMENT
• OPIATE TREATMENT
• GENERAL ADDICTION
• TOBACCO TREATMENT
  • TABLE 34 SUBSTANCE ABUSE PRODUCTS IN DEVELOPMENT
  • TABLE 34 (CONTINUED)
• MISCELLANEOUS SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT DISCOVERIES
• MISCELLANEOUS SUBSTANCE ABUSE .....(CONTINUED)
• MISCELLANEOUS SUBSTANCE ABUSE .....(CONTINUED)

Chapter-6: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

• MARKET LEADERS
• PFIZER
• RECKITT BENCKISER
• GLAXOSMITHKLINE
• NOVARTIS
• PSYCHEMEDICS
• ORASURE TECHNOLOGIES
  • TABLE 35 TOTAL MANUFACTURERS MARKET SHARE OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE PHARMACEUTICAL TREATMENTS, 2007
  • FIGURE 39 TOTAL MANUFACTURERS MARKET SHARE OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE PHARMACEUTICAL TREATMENTS, 2007 (%)
  • TABLE 36 U.S. MANUFACTURERS MARKET SHARE OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE DIAGNOSTICS, 2007
  • FIGURE 40 U.S. MANUFACTURERS MARKET SHARE OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE DIAGNOSTICS, 2007 (%)
• INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS BY PRODUCT TYPE
  • TABLE 37 LEADING SUBSTANCE ABUSE PHARMACEUTICAL TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTING MANUFACTURERS BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2008
  • TABLE 37 (CONTINUED)
• MARKET ANALYSIS
• Anti-Depressant Market
• Additional Therapies
• Opportunities
• Opportunities (Continued)

Chapter-7: COMPANY PROFILES

• GLAXOSMITHKLINE PLC
• HISTORY
• NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.
• HISTORY
• ORASURE TECHNOLOGIES
• HISTORY
• PFIZER, INC.
• HISTORY
• PHAMATECH, INC.
• HISTORY
• PSYCHEMEDICS CORP.
• HISTORY
• RECKITT BENCKISER PLC
• HISTORY
• APPENDIX A- LIST OF COMPANIES
• ABBOT DIAGNOSTICS
• ABBOTT LABORATORIES
• ALFA SCIENTIFIC DESIGNS, INC.
• ALKERMES, INC.
• AMERICAN BIO MEDICA CORPORATION
• ARADIGM CORPORATION
• BARR LABORATORIES, INC.
• BIOSCAN SCREENING SYSTEMS, INC.
• BIOSITE, INC.
• BIOVAIL CORPORATION
• BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY
• CARY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
• CELTIC PHARMA MANAGEEMNT L.P.
• CEPHALON, INC.
• CYTOS BIOTECHNOLOGY AG
• DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
• ELAN CORPORATION, PLC
• ELBION NV
• ELI LILLY & COMPANY
• ENDO PHARMACEUTICALS
• FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
• FOREST LABORATORIES, INC.
• GLAXOSMITHKLINE PLC
• INVERNESS MEDICAL INNOVATIONS, INC.
• JANT PHARMACAL CORPORATION
• JOHNSON & JOHNSON
• JOINT COMMISSION ON ACCREDITATION OF HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS (JCAHO)
• MALLINCKRODT
• MEDTOX SCIENTIFIC, INC.
• NABI BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
• NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE & ALCOHOLISM
• NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
• NOVARTIS INTERNATIONAL AG
• NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.
• NYMOX PHARMACEUTICAL CORP.
• OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY
• ORASURE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
• OVATION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
• PFIZER, INC.
• PHAMATECH, INC.
• PLIVA, INC.
• PRINCETON BIOMEDITECH CORP.
• PSYCHEMEDICS CORPORATION
• PURDUE PHARMA, L.P.
• RECKITT-BENCKISER PLC
• ROCHE
• SANOFI-AVENTIS
• SOMAXONE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
• SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (SAMHSA)
• SUN BIOMEDICAL LABORATORIES, INC.
• TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
• U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
• THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO
• VALEANT PHARMACEUTICALS INTERNATIONAL
• VARIAN, INC.
• XANODYNE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
• APPENDIX B- LIST OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT FACILITIES
  • TABLE 38 LIST OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT FACILITIES
  • TABLE 38 (CONTINUED)
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