2008/2009 Healthcare Research Review

Table of Contents

Chapter-1: MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS KITS 24

• INTRODUCTION 1
• STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
• REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 1
• INTENDED AUDIENCE 2
• SCOPE OF REPORT 2
• INFORMATION SOURCES 3
• ANALYST CREDENTIALS 4
• RELATED REPORTS 4
• BCC ONLINE SERVICES 4
• DISCLAIMER 4
• SUMMARY 5
• REPORT HIGHLIGHTS 6
• TABLE 1 PROJECTED U.S. MDK MARKET BY END-USE SEGMENT, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 7
• FIGURE 1 PROJECTED U.S. MDK MARKET BY END-USE SEGMENT, 2007 - 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 8
• THE MDK INDUSTRY 8
• WHAT ARE MDKS? 8
• ADVANTAGES OF MDKS 9
• USES FOR MDKS 10
• Clinical Testing 10
• Clinical Diagnostic Testing 10
• Monitoring 10
• Screening 11
• Confirmatory Testing 11
• Research 11
• Home Use 11
• Veterinary Diagnosis 11
• MARKET SIZE 12
• TABLE 2 PROJECTED U.S. MDK MARKET COMPARED WITH THE TOTAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTING INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS) 12
• Relation to Total Testing Market 13
• FIGURE 2 MDK -S RELATIVE SHARE OF U.S. TESTING MARKET PROJECTED, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS) 13
• ALTERNATIVE METHODS 13
• TABLE 3 ALTERNATIVE METHODS TO MDKS AND AREA OF PRIMARY USE 14
• Chemical Assay 14
• Culture 14
• Microscopy 15
• Biological Assay 15
• Chromatographic Separation 15
• MDK APPLICATIONS 16
• TABLE 4 SELECTED MDK APPLICATIONS 16
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 17
• Reagents 17
• Device/Carrier 17
• Packaging 17
• Component Suppliers 18
• FIGURE 3 COMPONENTS OF AN MDK 18
• TABLE 5 SELECTED LISTING OF MDK COMPONENT SUPPLIERS BY AREA OF PARTICIPATION 19
• END MARKETS 19
• TABLE 6 MDK APPLICATIONS BY END-USE FACILITY 20
• Clinical Testing Facilities 20
• TABLE 7 U.S. CLINICAL TESTING FACILITIES WITH POTENTIAL FOR USING MDKS: CLIA VS. NON-CLIA 21
• CLIA-Certified Laboratories 21
• Non-CLIA Laboratories/Facilities 21
• Research Laboratories 21
• Home-Use Market 22
• Veterinary Applications 22
• TABLE 8 SELECTED LISTING OF ANIMAL TESTING MDKS 23
• TRADE PRACTICES 23
• Promotion 23
• Pricing 24
• Sales Tie-ins 24

Chapter-2: THE MARKET FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE MEDICAL DEVICES 11

• INTRODUCTION 25
• MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY 25
• Minimally Invasive vs. Ambulatory Surgery 25
• Minimally Invasive vs. Noninvasive Surgery 26
• STUDY BACKGROUND 26
• STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 27
• INTENDED AUDIENCE 28
• SCOPE OF REPORT 28
• METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 29
• ANALYST CREDENTIALS 29
• RELATED BCC RESEARCH STUDIES 30
• SUMMARY 30
• TABLE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MIS DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS) 31
• FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MIS DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT, 2007 - 2014 ($ BILLIONS) 31
• GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS 32
• TABLE 10 MARKET FOR MIS DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT SALES BY REGION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 32
• FIGURE 5 MAJOR MIS GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS, 2007 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL SALES) 33
• END-USER SEGMENTS 33
• TABLE11 U.S. MARKETS FOR MIS DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT SALES BY END-USER TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 34
• FIGURE 6 MAJOR U.S. MIS END-USER SEGMENTS, 2007 VS 2014 (% OF TOTAL SALES) 35

Chapter-3: CANCER THERAPIES: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS 16

• INTRODUCTION 36
• STUDY OBJECTIVES 36
• REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY 36
• CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM 37
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY 37
• METHODOLOGY 37
• INFORMATION SOURCES 37
• ABOUT THE AUTHOR 37
• RELATED BCC REPORTS 38
• SUMMARY 38
• TABLE 12 THE GLOBAL CANCER THERAPY MARKET, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 38
• FIGURE 7 THE GLOBAL CANCER THERAPY MARKET, 2006 - 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 39
• REGULATORY ISSUES 40
• NEW DRUG APPROVALS 40
• TABLE 13 CANCER DRUGS APPROVED BY THE FDA 40
• TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 41
• TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 42
• TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 43
• TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 44
• TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 45
• TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 46
• TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 47
• NEW DRUG APPLICATIONS 47
• TABLE 14 NEW DRUG APPLICATIONS (2005 TO JANUARY 2008) 47
• TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) 48
• RECALLS 48
• TABLE 15 RECALLS (2005 TO JANUARY 2008) 49
• TABLE 15 (CONTINUED) 50
• TABLE 15 (CONTINUED) 51

Chapter-4: THE DENTAL MARKET: TECHNIQUES, EQUIPMENT, AND MATERIALS 29

• INTRODUCTION 52
• STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 52
• REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 52
• SCOPE OF REPORT 52
• METHODOLOGY 53
• RELATED BCC STUDIES 53
• ANALYST CREDENTIALS 53
• SUMMARY 54
• THE DENTAL MARKET: MAJOR MARKETS SUMMARY 54
• TABLE 16 TOTAL U.S. DENTAL MARKET ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT SEGMENT, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 55
• FIGURE 8 TOTAL U.S. DENTAL MARKET ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT SEGMENT, 2006 - 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 55
• INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 56
• STRUCTURE AND HISTORY OF THE DENTAL INDUSTRY 56
• Structure and History of ... (Continued) 57
• Structure and History of ... (Continued) 58
• DESCRIPTIONS AND STATISTICS OF DENTAL PRACTICES 59
• Endodontics 59
• Orthodontics 60
• Periodontics 60
• Prosthodontics 61
• Dental Offices 61
• TABLE 17 DENTAL PROFESSIONALS BY YEAR, 1990 - 2005 (NUMBER) 62
• Dental Laboratories 62
• TECHNOLOGY 62
• FUTURE OF DENTISTRY 62
• DIGITAL INTRAORAL CAMERAS 63
• REMINERALIZING AGENTS, FLUORIDE, AND BLEACHING PRODUCTS 64
• PRACTICE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE 64
• DIGITAL AND 3D DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY 64
• SNAP-ON SMILE 65
• LIGHT-ACTIVATED WHITENING SYSTEMS 66
• AIR ABRASION 66
• MINIMALLY INVASIVE TECHNIQUES 67
• LASER CARIES DETECTION 67
• COMPUTER-AIDED DRAFTING/COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAD/CAM) 67
• PROFESSIONAL DENTAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 68
• OVERVIEW 68
• DENTAL EQUIPMENT 68
• Overview 68
• Product Description 68
• Dental Furniture 68
• Operatory Units 69
• TABLE 18 SELECTED MANUFACTURER AND DISTRIBUTOR LIST FOR GENERAL DENTAL FURNITURE 69
• Cavity Preparation Systems and Air Abrasion Units 69
• Dental Lasers 70
• " Diode Laser 70
• " CO2 Laser 71
• " Erbium Laser 71
• TABLE 19 SELECTED LIST OF DENTAL LASER MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS 71
• Sterilizers and Autoclaves 72
• TABLE 20 SELECTED DENTAL STERILIZER AND AUTOCLAVE SUPPLIERS 72
• Amalgamators and Mixers 72
• TABLE 21 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF AMALGAMATORS AND MIXERS 73
• X-ray Devices and Related Equipment 73
• " Digital Dental X-Ray Systems 73
• " Film Processors 74
• TABLE 22 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF DENTAL X-RAY DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT 75
• Other Types of Dental Equipment 75
• " Intraoral Cameras 75
• TABLE 23 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF INTRAORAL CAMERAS 76
• " Air Compressors and Vacuum Systems 76
• TABLE 24 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF AIR COMPRESSORS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS 76
• Nitrous Oxide Systems 77
• TABLE 25 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF NITROUS OXIDE SYSTEMS 77
• " Ultrasonic Cleaners 77
• TABLE 26 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF ULTRASONIC CLEANERS 77
• " Scalers 78
• TABLE 27 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF DENTAL SCALERS 78
• " Curing Lights 78
• TABLE 28 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF CURING LIGHTS 78
• " Laboratory Equipment 79
• TABLE 29 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENT 79
• MARKET ANALYSIS 79
• TABLE 30 MARKET FOR DENTAL EQUIPMENT BY PRODUCT SEGMENT, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 80
• FIGURE 9 MARKET FOR DENTAL EQUIPMENT BY PRODUCT SEGMENT, 2006 - 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 80

Chapter-5: ORGAN AND TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION AND ALTERNATIVES 33

• INTRODUCTION 81
• STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 81
• REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 81
• INTENDED AUDIENCE 82
• SCOPE OF REPORT 82
• METHODOLOGY 82
• INFORMATION SOURCES 83
• AUTHOR -S CREDENTIALS 83
• RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS 83
• SUMMARY 83
• SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 84
• TABLE 31 U.S. MARKET FOR SOLID ORGAN AND TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 85
• FIGURE 10 U.S. MARKET FOR SOLID ORGAN AND TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION, 2007 - 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 85
• INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 85
• INDUSTRY OVERVIEW (CONTINUED) 86
• HISTORY OF TRANSPLANTATION 87
• TISSUE TYPING 87
• IMMUNOSUPPRESSION 87
• Newer Immunosuppressive Drugs 88
• PRESERVATION 89
• GOVERNMENT REIMBURSEMENT 90
• THE TRANSPLANTATION PROCESS 90
• PREPARATION 90
• SURGERY 91
• RECUPERATION 91
• MAINTENANCE 92
• IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY 92
• ORGANS 92
• TABLE 32 U.S. ORGAN TRANSPLANTS: AVERAGE FIRST YEAR COST, NUMBER OF PROCEDURES AND VALUE BY TYPE OF ORGAN TRANSPLANT, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 93
• KIDNEY 93
• TABLE 33 LEADING U.S. KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS BY TOTAL NUMBER OF PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN 2007 94
• LIVER 94
• TABLE 34 TOP FIVE U.S. LIVER TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS BY TOTAL PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN 2007 95
• HEART 95
• TABLE 35 TOP FIVE U.S. HEART TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS BY TOTAL PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN 2007 96
• LUNG 96
• TABLE 36 TOP FIVE U.S. LUNG TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS BY TOTAL PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN 2007 96
• INTESTINE 97
• TABLE 37 TOP FIVE U.S. INTESTINE/SMALL BOWEL TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS BY TOTAL PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN 2007 97
• PANCREAS 97
• TABLE 38 TOP FIVE U.S. PANCREAS TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS BY TOTAL PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN 2007 98
• TISSUES 98
• DRIVERS IN THE MARKET 99
• TABLE 39 TISSUE GRAFTING IN THE U.S. BY TISSUE TYPE, THROUGH 2013 (MILLION PROCEDURES) 99
• FIGURE 11 U.S. MARKET FOR TISSUE GRAFTING PROCEDURES BY TYPE, 2007 - 2013 (MILLION PROCEDURES) 100
• CORNEA 100
• BLOOD STEM CELLS 101
• BONE ALLOGRAFTS 101
• HEART VALVES 101
• VASCULAR TISSUE 102
• SKIN AND COLLAGEN 102
• Applications 102
• WAITING LISTS OUTPACE DONATIONS 103
• TABLE 40 PATIENTS ON U.S. WAITING LISTS AT THE END OF THE YEAR BY TYPE OF ORGAN TRANSPLANT, 2003 - 2006 103
• TABLE 40 (CONTINUED) 104
• TRENDS IN U.S. LIVING AND CADAVERIC DONATIONS 104
• TABLE 41 TRENDS IN U.S. LIVING AND CADAVERIC DONATIONS, THROUGH 2013 105
• TRENDS IN TRANSPLANTATION OF ALL ORGANS 105
• TABLE 42 U.S. ORGAN TRANSPLANTS, THROUGH 2006 (NUMBER OF PROCEDURES) 105
• INTERNATIONAL TRENDS 106
• TABLE 43 NUMBERS OF DONATED CADAVERS BY REGION, 2003 - 2006 106
• LIMITED SUPPLY CURTAILS TRANSPLANTATIONS 106
• Living Donor Programs 107
• KEY FACTORS IN INDUSTRY GROWTH 107
• Reducing Demand 107
• Patient Survival Rates 108
• TABLE 44 ONE-YEAR AND FIVE-YEAR PATIENT SURVIVAL RATES, BY ORGAN FOR TRANSPLANTS PERFORMED, 1997 - 2004 (%) 108
• TABLE 45 ONE-YEAR AND FIVE-YEAR GRAFT SURVIVAL RATES, BY ORGAN FOR TRANSPLANTS PERFORMED, 1997 - 2004 (%) 108
• TABLE 46 NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN THE U.S. LIVING WITH A FUNCTIONING TRANSPLANT BY TYPE, 2000 - 2005* 109
• Organ Substitutes 109
• Organs from Animals: Xenotransplantation 109
• Organ Primordia 110
• Nuclear Transfer to Eliminate the Rejection Gene 110
• Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus 111
• ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 111
• CELLULAR TRANSPLANTS 112
• ORGAN REJECTION STRATEGIES 112
• KEY FACTORS INHIBITING GROWTH 113
• LACK OF DONORS 113
• ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES 113
• CULTURAL STIGMAS 113

Chapter-6: DISABLED AND ELDERLY ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE U.S. 16

• INTRODUCTION 114
• ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS 114
• STUDY BACKGROUND 114
• STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 115
• INTENDED AUDIENCE 115
• SCOPE OF REPORT 116
• METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 117
• ANALYST CREDENTIALS 117
• RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 117
• SUMMARY 118
• TABLE 47 PROJECTED U.S. ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY SALES, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 118
• FIGURE 12 PROJECTED U.S. ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY SALES, 2007 - 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 119
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITION 119
• NUMBER AND SIZE OF FIRMS 119
• MARKET SHARES 120
• Mobility Aids 120
• FIGURE 13 MOBILITY AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 121
• Access Aids 121
• FIGURE 14 ACCESS AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 122
• Beds, Seating Systems, and Ergonomic Aids 122
• FIGURE 15 BEDS, SEATING SYSTEMS, AND ERGONOMETRIC AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 123
• Daily Living Aids 123
• FIGURE 16 DAILY LIVING AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 124
• Communication Aids 124
• FIGURE 17 COMMUNICATION AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 125
• Computer Access Aids 125
• FIGURE 18 COMPUTER ACCESS AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 126
• Vision and Reading Aids 127
• FIGURE 19 VISION AND READING AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 127
• FIGURE 19 (CONTINUED) 128
• Environmental Aids 128
• Medical/Personal Monitoring Aids 128
• FIGURE 20 MEDICAL/PERSONAL MONITORING AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 129

Chapter-7: MEDICAL DEVICE COATINGS 8

• INTRODUCTION 130
• STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 130
• REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 130
• INTENDED AUDIENCE 131
• SCOPE OF REPORT 131
• TWENTY-TWO MEDICAL SPECIALTIES 132
• Twenty-two Medical Specialties (Continued) 133
• METHODOLOGY 134
• INFORMATION SOURCES 134
• ANALYST -S CREDENTIALS 135
• RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS 135
• SUMMARY 135
• TABLE 48 GLOBAL MEDICAL DEVICE COATING MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 136
• FIGURE 21 GLOBAL MEDICAL DEVICE COATING MARKET BY REGION, 2009 AND 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 137

Chapter-8: PEDIATRIC HEALTH CARE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES 37

• INTRODUCTION 138
• STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 138
• REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 138
• INTENDED AUDIENCE 139
• SCOPE OF REPORT 139
• INFORMATION SOURCES 139
• ANALYST -S CREDENTIALS 140
• RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS 140
• SUMMARY 140
• PROJECTED GROWTH OF PEDIATRIC MARKETS 141
• TABLE 49 GLOBAL TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC HEALTH CARE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 141
• FIGURE 22 GLOBAL TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC HEALTH CARE BASED ON CONDITION, 2007 - 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 141
• MARKET FORECASTS FOR SHORT-TERM ILLNESSES 142
• Rotavirus 142
• Ear Infections 142
• Upper Respiratory Infections 142
• MARKET FORECASTS FOR CHRONIC ILLNESSES 142
• Allergies 143
• Attention Deficit Disorders 143
• Asthma 143
• Autism Spectrum Disorders 144
• Diabetes 144
• Obesity 144
• OVERVIEW OF THE PEDIATRIC HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY 145
• TABLE 50 PROJECTED PEDIATRIC PREVENTATIVE CARE COSTS FROM BIRTH THROUGH AGE 18 IN THE U.S., THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 145
• PRENATAL CARE/IMPLICATIONS 145
• International Prenatal Care/Implications 146
• Low Birth Weight 146
• NEWBORN CARE 147
• Care in the U.S. 147
• International Newborn Care 147
• Malnutrition 148
• CHILDREN AGE 1 TO 6 148
• CHILDREN AGE 7 TO 12 149
• ADOLESCENT CHILDREN AGE 13 TO 18 149
• ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 150
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases 150
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 150
• VACCINES/IMMUNIZATIONS 151
• TABLE 51 IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE FOR CHILDREN FROM BIRTH TO 6 MONTHS 151
• TABLE 52 IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE FOR CHILDREN FROM 12 MONTHS TO 4 TO 6 YEARS 152
• TABLE 53 IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS FROM 7 TO 18 152
• TABLE 53 (CONTINUED) 153
• Vaccine Efficacy and Controversy 153
• IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE U.S. 153
• SHORT-TERM ILLNESSES IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION 154
• TABLE 54 GLOBAL COSTS OF THREE PRIMARY SHORT-TERM ILLNESSES IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 155
• FIGURE 23 GLOBAL COST OF PEDIATRIC SHORT-TERM ILLNESS, 2008 AND 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 155
• OTITIS MEDIA (EAR INFECTIONS) 156
• Causes of Otitis Media 156
• Allergies 156
• Infection 156
• Blockage 157
• Nutrition and Breastfeeding 157
• Types and Symptoms 157
• Treatment 158
• Pharmacological Intervention 158
• " Use of Prevnar 158
• TABLE 55 GLOBAL PRESCRIPTION COSTS FOR TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC OTITIS MEDIA, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 159
• TABLE 56 PRESCRIPTION COSTS FOR TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC OTITIS MEDIA, IN THE U.S., THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 159
• Surgical Intervention 160
• " Myringotomy 160
• TABLE 57 GLOBAL SURGICAL COSTS FOR MYRINGOTOMY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 160
• TABLE 58 SURGICAL COSTS FOR MYRINGOTOMY IN U.S. PEDIATRIC PATIENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 161
• " Adenoidectomy and Tonsillectomy 161
• Adenoidectomy ... (Continued) 162
• TABLE 59 GLOBAL SURGICAL COSTS FOR TONSILLECTOMY/ADENOIDECTOMY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 163
• TABLE 60 SURGICAL COSTS FOR TONSILLECTOMY/ADENOIDECTOMY IN U.S. PEDIATRIC PATIENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 163
• GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESSES 163
• Rotavirus 164
• Transmission 164
• Symptoms 164
• Treatment 164
• " Dehydration 165
• " Zinc 165
• Vaccinations 165
• " Rotateq 166
• " Rotarix 166
• TABLE 61 GLOBAL VACCINATION FOR PEDIATRIC ROTOVIRUS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 166
• TABLE 62 U.S. VACCINATION FOR PEDIATRIC ROTOVIRUS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 166
• Gastroesophageal Reflux 167
• Treatment 167
• " Eliminate Symptoms 167
• " Heal Esophagus 168
• " Prevent Complications 168
• TABLE 63 CURRENT TREATMENTS FOR GERD 168
• UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS 169
• TABLE 64 GLOBAL DIRECT COSTS OF PEDIATRIC UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 169
• TABLE 65 DIRECT COSTS FOR PEDIATRIC UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN THE U.S, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 170
• Causes and Symptoms 170
• TABLE 66 COMMON SYMPTOMS OF AN URI 171
• Treatments 171
• Increased Fluid Intake 171
• Second-Hand Smoke 172
• Medications 172
• Antibiotic Treatments 172
• Withdrawing Medicines 173
• Complications 174