Plastics Additives: The Global Market

Table of Contents

Chapter-1: SUMMARY 2

• SUMMARY 4
• SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 5
• SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 5

Chapter-2: OVERVIEW 15

• CONCEPTS IN THE INDUSTRY 6
• IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY 6
• LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF PLASTICS ADDITIVES 6
• LIFE-CYCLE STAGES OF PLASTICS ADDITIVES 7
• TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE 8
• HISTORY OF PLASTICS AND PLASTICS ADDITIVES 8
• BAKELITE 9
• POLYSTYRENE AND PVC 9
• NYLON 9
• ACRYLIC, POLYETHYLENE, ETC. 10
• DEVELOPMENT OF PLASTICS ADDITIVES 11
• RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN PLASTICS ADDITIVES 12
• DEVELOPMENTS IN PLASTIC COLORANTS 12
• DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIMICROBIALS 13
• DEVELOPMENT OF FILLERS, REINFORCEMENTS, AND IMPACT MODIFIERS 13
• DEVELOPMENT OF FLAME RETARDANTS 14
• DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEATING AGENTS 15
• DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESS AIDS 15
• DEVELOPMENT OF REPELLENTS 16
• DEVELOPMENT OF STABILIZERS 16
• DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACE PROPERTY MODIFIERS 17
• KEY MATERIAL TRENDS IN ADDITIVES 18
• TABLE 1 KEY MATERIAL TRENDS IN ADDITIVES 19
• KEY ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS IN ADDITIVES 19
• TABLE 2 KEY ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS IN ADDITIVES 19
• TABLE 2 (CONTINUED) 20

Chapter-3: REGULATORY ISSUES 18

• TABLE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES BY VALUE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 39
• FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES BY VALUE, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 40
• TABLE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES BY QUANTITY, THROUGH 2014 (MILLION LBS.) 40
• TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) 41
• FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES BY QUANTITY, 2007-2014 (MILLION LBS.) 41
• REGIONAL MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES 41
• TABLE 5 REGIONAL MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES BY VALUE. THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 42
• FIGURE 3 REGIONAL MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES BY VALUE 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 42
• TABLE 6 REGIONAL MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES BY QUANTITY THROUGH 2014 (MILLION LBS.) 43
• FIGURE 4 REGIONAL MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES BY QUANTITY, 2007-2014 (MILLION LBS.) 43
• MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN NORTH AMERICA 44
• MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN EUROPE 44
• MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN CHINA 44
• MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC 45
• MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN REST OF WORLD 45
• MARKET FOR PLASTICIZERS 46
• TABLE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PLASTICIZERS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 46
• FIGURE 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PLASTICIZERS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 47
• TABLE 8 REGIONAL MARKET FOR PLASTICIZERS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 47
• FIGURE 6 REGIONAL MARKET FOR PLASTICIZERS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 48
• MARKET FOR FLAME RETARDANTS 48
• TABLE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FLAME RETARDANTS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 49
• FIGURE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FLAME RETARDANTS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 49
• TABLE 10 REGIONAL MARKET FOR FLAME RETARDANTS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 50
• FIGURE 8 REGIONAL MARKET FOR FLAME RETARDANTS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 50
• MARKET FOR LIGHT STABILIZERS 50
• TABLE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LIGHT STABILIZERS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 51
• FIGURE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LIGHT STABILIZERS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 51
• TABLE 12 REGIONAL MARKET FOR LIGHT STABILIZERS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 52
• FIGURE 10 REGIONAL MARKET FOR LIGHT STABILIZERS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 52
• MARKET FOR HEAT STABILIZERS 52
• TABLE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HEAT STABILIZERS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 53
• FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HEAT STABILIZERS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 54
• TABLE 14 REGIONAL MARKET FOR HEAT STABILIZERS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 54
• FIGURE 12 REGIONAL MARKET FOR HEAT STABILIZERS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 55
• MARKET FOR FILLERS 55
• TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FILLERS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 56
• FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FILLERS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 56
• TABLE 16 REGIONAL MARKET FOR FILLERS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 57
• FIGURE 14 REGIONAL MARKET FOR FILLERS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 57
• MARKET FOR IMPACT MODIFIERS 57
• TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR IMPACT MODIFIERS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 58
• FIGURE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR IMPACT MODIFIERS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 58
• TABLE 18 REGIONAL MARKET FOR IMPACT MODIFIERS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 59
• FIGURE 16 REGIONAL MARKET FOR IMPACT MODIFIERS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 59
• MARKET FOR ANTIOXIDANTS 59
• TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ANTIOXIDANTS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 60
• FIGURE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ANTIOXIDANTS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 60
• TABLE 20 REGIONAL MARKET FOR ANTIOXIDANTS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 61
• FIGURE 18 REGIONAL MARKET FOR ANTIOXIDANTS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 61
• MARKET FOR COLORANTS 61
• TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR COLORANTS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 62
• FIGURE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR COLORANTS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 62
• TABLE 22 REGIONAL MARKET FOR COLORANTS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 63
• FIGURE 20 REGIONAL MARKET FOR COLORANTS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 63
• MARKET FOR LUBRICANTS 63
• TABLE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LUBRICANTS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 64
• FIGURE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LUBRICANTS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 64
• TABLE 24 REGIONAL MARKET FOR LUBRICANTS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 65
• FIGURE 22 REGIONAL MARKET FOR LUBRICANTS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 65
• MARKET FOR BLOWING AGENTS 65
• TABLE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BLOWING AGENTS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 66
• FIGURE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BLOWING AGENTS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 66
• TABLE 26 REGIONAL MARKET FOR BLOWING AGENTS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 67
• FIGURE 24 REGIONAL MARKET FOR BLOWING AGENTS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 67
• MARKET FOR BIOCIDES 67
• MARKET FOR BIOCIDES (CONTINUED) 68
• TABLE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOCIDES, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 69
• FIGURE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOCIDES, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 69
• TABLE 28 REGIONAL MARKET FOR BIOCIDES, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 70
• FIGURE 26 REGIONAL MARKET FOR BIOCIDES, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 70
• MARKET FOR ANTI-STATIC AGENTS 70
• TABLE 29 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ANTI-STATIC AGENTS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 71
• FIGURE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ANTI-STATIC AGENTS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 71
• TABLE 30 REGIONAL MARKET FOR ANTI-STATIC AGENTS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 72
• FIGURE 28 REGIONAL MARKET FOR ANTI-STATIC AGENTS, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 72
• MARKET FOR OTHER MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS ADDITIVES 72
• TABLE 31 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MISCELLANEOUS ADDITIVES, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 73
• FIGURE 29 GLOBALAL MARKET FOR MISCELLANEOUS ADDITIVES, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 73
• TABLE 32 REGIONAL MARKET FOR MISCELLANEOUS ADDITIVES, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 74
• FIGURE 30 REGIONAL MARKET FOR MISCELLANEOUS ADDITIVES, 2007-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 74

Chapter-4: MARKET FOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES TECHNOLOGY 36

Chapter-5: MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF PLASTICS ADDITIVES 39

• DEFINITION OF PLASTICS 123
• MAIN CLASSIFICATION OF PLASTICS 124
• THERMOPLASTICS 124
• TABLE 59 THERMOPLASTICS AND THEIR USES 125
• THERMO-SETS 125
• TABLE 60 THERMO-SETS AND THEIR USES 125
• DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLASTICS 125
• COMMON PLASTICS 126
• TABLE 61 TYPES OF COMMON PLASTICS 126
• SPECIAL PURPOSE PLASTICS 126
• TABLE 62 TYPES OF SPECIAL-PURPOSE PLASTICS 127
• POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) 127
• TYPES OF PVC 127
• Flexible PVC 127
• Rigid PVC 128
• POLYETHYLENE (PE) 128
• POLYPROPYLENE (PP) 128
• PLASTICS ADDITIVES 128
• TABLE 63 ADVANTAGES OF PLASTICS ADDITIVES 129
• TABLE 63 (CONTINUED) 130
• CLASSIFICATION OF PLASTICS ADDITIVES 130
• PROCESS ADDITIVES 131
• PROCESS STABILIZERS 131
• PROCESSING AIDS 132
• ANTI-STATIC AGENTS 133
• SLIP ADDITIVES 133
• AMIDE SLIPS 134
• NON-MIGRATORY SLIPS 135
• DISPERSION AIDS 135
• VISCISITY DEPRESSANTS 135
• ANTI-FOG AGENTS 135
• INTERNAL ANTI-FOG ADDITIVES 136
• EXTERNAL TOPICAL COATINGS 136
• FILLERS 137
• REASONS FOR USING FILLERS 137
• TYPES OF FILLERS 137
• BASIC PROPERTIES OF FILLERS 138
• Thermal Properties 138
• Moisture Content 138
• TYPES OF COMMON FILLERS IN PLASTICS 138
• TABLE 64 TYPE OF FILLERS AND THEIR PROPERTIES 138
• TABLE 64 (CONTINUED) 139
• GLASS MICROSPHERES 139
• SOLID SPHERES 139
• TABLE 65 ADVANTAGES OF GLASS MICROSPHERES 140
• HOLLOW GLASS SPHERES 140
• CERAMIC MICROSPHERES 141
• EXPANDED PERLITE 141
• EXPANDABLE MICROSPHERES 141
• NANOMATERIALS 142
• ANTI-BLOCKING AGENTS 142
• TYPES OF ANTI-BLOCKS 142
• Inorganic Anti-blocks 143
• Organic Amide Anti-blocks 143
• FLOW IMPROVERS 143
• MOLD RELEASE AGENTS 143
• FUNCTIONAL ADDITIVES 144
• STABILIZING ADDITIVES 144
• ANTIOXIDANTS 145
• TYPES OF ANTIOXIDANTS 145
• Primary Antioxidants 145
• Secondary Antioxidants 145
• LIGHT STABILIZERS 146
• UV ABSORBERS 146
• UV STABILIZERS 146
• ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBERS 147
• HINDERED AMINE LIGHT STABILIZERS (HALS) 147
• APPLICATIONS OF LIGHT STABILIZERS IN POLYOLEFINS 148
• PE Film 148
• Polyolefin Fibers 148
• Pigmented PP Fibers 148
• Polyolefin Tapes 149
• Polyolefin Molded Applications 149
• Polyethylene for Consumer Applications 149
• Polypropylene for Automobile Applications 149
• APPLICATION OF LIGHT STABILIZERS IN OTHER POLYMERS 149
• ABS Applications 149
• HIPS Applications 150
• Polycarbonate Applications 150
• Polycarbonate Blends Applications 150
• PBT Applications 151
• PET Applications 151
• PET Fibers Applications 151
• PMMA Applications 151
• Polyamide Applications 152
• Polyamide Fibers Applications 152
• Polyacetal Applications 152
• Thermoset Polyester Applications 153
• Polyurethane Applications 153
• METAL DEACTIVATORS 153
• FLAME RETARDANTS 154
• MODIFIERS 154
• TABLE 66 TYPES OF PROPERTY MODIFIERS AND THEIR EFFECTS 155
• PLASTICIZERS 156
• INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PLASTICIZERS 156
• TYPES OF PLASTICIZERS 157
• TABLE 67 TYPES OF PRIMARY PLASTICIZERS AND THEIR PROPERTIES 158
• TABLE 67 (CONTINUED) 159
• SECONDARY PLASTICIZERS 159
• IMPACT MODIFIERS 160
• REINFORCEMENTS 161
• NUCLEATING AGENTS 162
• SLIPS AND ANTI-BLOCKING AGENTS 163
• LUBRICANTS 163
• ANTI-STATIC AGENTS 164
• COUPLING AGENTS 164
• COUPLING AGENTS (CONTINUED) 165
• WETTING AGENTS 166
• ANTI-FOG AGENTS 166
• FLAME RETARDANTS 166
• ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 167
• COMPOUNDING ISSUES 167
• HALOGENATED FLAME RETARDANTS 167
• Synergists Improve Thermal Stability 168
• HALOGEN-FREE FLAME RETARDANTS 168
• NANOCLAYS AND CARBON NANOTUBES 169
• ANTIOXIDANTS 169
• BIOCIDES 169
• ORGANIC SYSTEMS 170
• INORGANIC SYSTEMS 170
• COLORANTS 171
• CHOICE OF COLORANTS 171
• PIGMENTS 171
• DYES 172
• WHITENING AGENTS 172
• FLUORESENT WHITENING AGENTS 173
• MASTERBATCHES 174
• Advantages 175
• ODORANTS AND DEODORANTS (FRAGRANCES) 175
• NUCLEATING AGENTS 176
• PLASTICIZERS 176
• SLIP AGENTS AND LUBRICANTS 177
• LOW-PROFILE ADDITIVES 177
• THICKENING AGENTS 177
• HEAT STABILIZERS 177
• DEFOAMING AGENTS AND FOAMING AGENTS 177
• BLOWING AGENTS 178
• CHEMICAL BLOWING AGENTS 178
• TABLE 68 MATERIALS USED AS BLOWING AGENTS 179
• TABLE 68 (CONTINUED) 180
• PHYSICAL BLOWING AGENTS 180
• EMULSIFIERS 180
• CROSS-LINKING AGENTS 181
• PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN AUTOMOBILES 181
• REDUCED WEIGHT 182
• ENERGY SAVING 182
• REDUCED EMISSIONS 182
• COMFORT, SAFETY AND AESTHETICS 182
• RECYCLING 183
• MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN USE OF PLASTICS ADDITIVES 183
• BODY EXTERIORS 183
• Plastic Car Bumpers and Fascia Systems 183
• Car Lighting Systems 183
• Auto Trim 183
• AUTO INTERIORS 184
• Auto Upholstery 184
• Instrument Panels 184
• Steering Wheels 185
• Air Ducts 185
• Other Interior Components 185
• ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 185
• Switches and Sockets 185
• Connectors 186
• Lighting Systems 186
• Circuit Boards and Wiring Harnesses 186
• AUTOMOTIVE CHASSIS 186
• Structure 187
• Support 187
• Suspension 187
• Brakes 187
• AUTOMOTIVE POWER-TRAINS 187
• Transmission 188
• Drive Shaft 188
• AUTOMOBILE FUEL SYSTEMS 188
• CAR ENGINE COMPONENTS 188
• PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN OTHER TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS 189
• AEROSPACE 189
• RAIL 189
• MARINE 190
• PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN PACKAGING 190
• FLEXIBLE 190
• LIGHTWEIGHT 191
• COST-EFFECTIVE 191
• ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND 191
• HYGIENIC AND SAFE 191
• DURABLE AND PRACTICALLY UNBREAKABLE 191
• RESOURCE OPTIMIZATION 191
• CONTRIBUTOR TO FOOD SAFETY 191
• PLASTIC PACKAGING AND FOOD SAFETY 192
• PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS 192
• ROOFING 193
• WALLS 193
• WINDOWS 193
• PIPING AND CONDUITS 193
• DECKS, FENCES AND RAILINGS 194
• CLADDING AND ROOF MEMBRANES 194
• Cladding and Profiles 194
• Insulation 194
• Seals and Gaskets 194
• Cables, Flooring and Wall-Coverings 195
• Plastic House Wrap 195
• PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS APPLICATIONS 195
• ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS 196
• WIRE AND CABLE 196
• BROWN GOODS 196
• WHITE GOODS 197
• SMALL WHITE GOODS 197
• TOOLS 197
• OFFICE EQUIPMENT 197
• PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN APPLIANCES 197
• PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN APPLIANCES (CONTINUED) 198
• PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 199
• BIORESORABLE BIOMATERIALS 199
• PEEK POLYMERS 199
• BIOABSORBABLE FIBER 199
• ANTIMICROBIAL POLYMERS 200
• COLORANT ADDITIVES FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 200
• DOWNSIZING DEVICES 200
• Alternative to Glass 200
• SPECIAL MEDICAL DEVICES 201
• Ergonomic Device 201
• Bionic Hand 201
• Universal Package 201
• Minimally Invasive Technologies 201
• Immobilization Systems 201
• Special Polymer Tubing 202
• Medical Grade Thermoplastic Elastomers 202
• Steel to Plastics 202
• Safety of PVC Medical Products 203
• PLASTICS ADDITIVES IN MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS 203
• CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING 203
• LOGGING AND FORESTRY 203
• WATER AND WASTE TREATMENT 204
• MATERIAL HANDLING 204
• UNDERWATER SEISMOLOGY 204
• OIL REFINERY AND OIL TRANSPORTATION 204
• OIL DRILLING AND EXPLORATION 204
• FOOD PROCESSING 205
• SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING 205

Chapter-6: OVERVIEW OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS 9

Chapter-7: TECHNOLOGY 83

Chapter-8: ANALYSIS OF SAMPLE U.S. PATENTS 4

• ANALYSIS OF SAMPLE U.S. PATENTS 206
• TABLE 69 U.S. PLASTICS ADDITIVES PATENTS BY COUNTRY (UNITS) 207
• TABLE 70 U.S. PLASTICS ADDITIVES PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE (UNITS) 207
• TABLE 71 U.S. PLASTICS ADDITIVES PATENTS BY YEAR OF ISSUE, 1976-2009 (UNITS) 208
• TABLE 72 U.S. PLASTICS ADDITIVES PATENTS BY COMPANIES (UNITS) 208
• TABLE 73 U.S. PLASTICS ADDITIVES PATENTS BY INDIVIDUALS (UNITS) 209

Chapter-9: PROFILES OF MAJOR PLASTICS ADDITIVES COMPANIES 42

• APPENDIX 252
• PATENTS AND MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS RELATED TO PLASTICS ADDITIVES 252
• TABLE 75 LIST OF PATENTS COVERING PLASTICS ADDITIVES 252
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 253
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 254
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 255
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 256
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 257
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 258
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 259
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 260
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 261
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 262
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 263
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 264
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 265
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 266
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 267
• TABLE 75 (CONTINUED) 268
• TABLE 76 MANUFACTURERS /SUPPLIERS OF PLASTICS ADDITIVES 268
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 269
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 270
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 271
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 272
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 273
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 274
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 275
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 276
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 277
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 278
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 279
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 280
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 281
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 282
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 283
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 284
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 285
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 286
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 287
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 288
• TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 289