The Global Industrial Gas Business

Table of Contents

The Global Industrial Gas Business

Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION -- Complimentary

• STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
• REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
• INTENDED AUDIENCE
• SCOPE OF REPORT
• METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
• ANALYST CREDENTIALS
• RELATED BCC REPORTS
• BCC ONLINE SERVICES
• DISCLAIMER

Chapter-2: SUMMARY

• SUMMARY TABLE WORLD INDUSTRIAL GASES BY END-USE MARKET SEGMENT, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
• SUMMARY FIGURE WORLD INDUSTRIAL GASES BY END-USE MARKET SEGMENT, 2008-2014 ($ BILLIONS)

Chapter-3: INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

• IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRIAL GASES
• PRINCIPAL TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL GASES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
• CARBON DIOXIDE
• HYDROGEN
• HELIUM
• NITROGEN
• OXYGEN
• Oxygen (continued)

Chapter-4: TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

• INDUSTRIAL GAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
• REFORMING
• Adiabatic Prereforming
• Tubular (or Primary) Reforming
• Advanced Reforming
• Sulfur-passivated Reforming
• Autothermal Reforming (Catalytic Partial Oxidation)
• Two-step Reforming or Combined Tubular/Secondary Reforming
• Heat Exchange Reforming
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Reforming of Methane
• NONCATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION
• SHIFT CONVERSION AND METHANATION TECHNOLOGY
• Shift Conversion
• Methanation
• AIR SEPARATION
• Oxygen Plant
• Air Cooling and Purification
• Cryogenic Distillation
  • Nitrogen Compression
  • Major Plant Equipment
  • Rare Gases Separation
    • TABLE 1. PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE DATA FOR VARIOUS CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIAL GASES
• Hydrogen and Helium Liquefaction Technology
  • Hydrogen
  • Helium
  • Noncryogenic
  • Adsorption
  • Membranes
• NEW PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
• Modification of Existing Technologies
• Hydrogen Production Technologies 23
  • Thermochemical Production Technologies
    • atural Gas Steam Reforming
    • artial Oxidation and Ceramic Membrane Reactor
  • Plasma Reforming
  • Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis
  • Electrolytic Production Technologies
    • ater Electrolysis
    • eversible Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers
  • Photolytic Production Technologies
    • hotobiological
    • hotoelectrolysis
• Emerging Technologies
• DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGIES
• OXYGEN-PRODUCING VACUUM PRESSURE SWING (VPSA) SYSTEMS
• NITROGEN MEMBRANE SYSTEMS
• ON-SITE INDUSTRIAL GAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • TABLE 2. TECHNOLOGIES FOR TECHNICAL GRADE INDUSTRIAL GAS PRODUCTION
  • TABLE 3. AIR SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON: CRYOGENIC VS. NONCRYOGENIC PROCESSES
• Cryogenic Processes
• Oxygen Plants
• Nitrogen Generators - A Low First-cost Alternative
• Oxygen Generators Reduce Costs
• Noncryogenic Processes
• PSA System: Only Air is Needed
• VPSA System - Reduced Oxygen Costs
• Membranes- Nitrogen by Pushing a Button
• Hydrogen, Syngas, and CO2
• Electrolyzers
• Steam Reforming
• Carbon Dioxide
• BULK LIQUID DELIVERY AND STORAGE
• MICROBULK GAS DELIVERY SYSTEM
• HIGH-PRESSURE GAS DELIVERY AND STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
• NITROGEN PUMPING UNITS
• PIPELINES
• INDUSTRIAL GAS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
• LIQUEFACTION TECHNOLOGY
• COMPRESSION TECHNOLOGY
• ABOVEGROUND STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
• UNDERGROUND STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
• TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
• Compressed Gas Storage Tanks
• Liquid Storage Tanks
• Hydrides (High- and Low-Temperature)
• Gas-on-Solid Adsorption
• END-USER TECHNOLOGIES
• PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND REFINING TECHNOLOGY
• Enhanced Oil Recovery Technology
• Enhanced Oil Recovery with CO2
  • Storage Capacity of Oil Reservoirs
  • CO2 EOR Limitations
• Nitrogen-enhanced Oil Recovery
• Petroleum Refining Technology
• Hydroprocessing Technologies
  • TABLE 4. HYDROTREATING REACTIONS OF DIFFERENT REFINERY SYSTEMS
• PRIMARY METALS PRODUCTION AND FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
• Primary Metalworking Technology
• Metal-Forming Technology
• Welding Technology
• Oxyacetylene Welding
• Arc Welding
• Metal-cutting Technology
• Single-point Tool Operations
• Drilling and Allied Operations
• Multipoint Tool Operations: Milling
• Broaching
• CHEMICAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
• Chemical Production Technology (Continued)
• Chemical Production Technology (Continued)
• ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
• Silicon Germanium (SiGe)
• Copper
• III-V Semiconductors
• III-V Consumables
• Ultrapure Source Chemicals Technology
• Supply, Handling and Management Technology
• Bulk Delivery Systems Technology
• LASER TECHNOLOGY
• Laser Gas Composition
• Laser Gas Delivery
• Laser Gas Purity
• FUEL CELLS
• INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
• HYDROGEN SENSORS

Chapter-5: MARKETS AND MARKETING

• SUMMARY
  • TABLE 5. MARKET FOR INDUSTRIAL GASES, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 1. INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKET TRENDS, 2008 - 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
• INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKET BY TYPE OF END USER
  • TABLE 6. WORLD INDUSTRIAL GASES BY END-USE MARKET SEGMENT, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 2. WORLD INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKET END-USER SEGMENT SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL CONSUMPTION)
• REFINING AND CHEMICAL PROCESSING
• METALS MANUFACTURING AND FABRICATION
• ELECTRONICS
• MEDICAL
• FOOD AND BEVERAGES
• PULP AND PAPER
• OTHER END-USE MARKET SEGMENTS
• INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE
  • TABLE 7. MARKET VALUE OF WORLD INDUSTRIAL GAS DEMAND BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 3. WORLD INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKET PRODUCT SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL CONSUMPTION)
• OXYGEN
• NITROGEN
• HYDROGEN
• ARGON
• CARBON DIOXIDE
• ACETYLENE
• HELIUM
• LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)
• SYNTHESIS GAS
• SPECIALTY GASES
• RARE GASES
• OTHER
• INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKET BY APPLICATION
• NITROGEN
  • TABLE 8. WORLD NITROGEN DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 4. WORLD NITROGEN APPLICATION SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL NITROGEN DEMAND)
  • FIGURE 4. (CONTINUED)
• Gaseous Nitrogen
• Chemical Industry
• Metals Production and Fabrication
• Food Industry
• Electrical Industry
• Plastics Industry
• Crude Oil Recovery and Refining
• Research and Health Services
• Construction
• Glass Manufacturing
• Liquid Nitrogen
• Food Transportation
• Medical
• Electronics Industry
• Oxygen
  • TABLE 9. WORLD OXYGEN DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 5. WORLD OXYGEN APPLICATION SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF OXYGEN DEMAND)
• Primary Metals Manufacturing
• Chemical Processing and Gasification
• Clay, Glass, and Concrete Products
• Petroleum Refining
• Welding and Cutting
• Health Sciences
• Pulp and Paper
• Utilities
• Hydrogen
  • TABLE 10. WORLD HYDROGEN DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 6. WORLD HYDROGEN APPLICATION SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL LIQUID AND SOLID CO2 DEMAND)
  • FIGURE 6. (CONTINUED)
• Food
• Chemical and Pharmaceutical Processing
• Metal Production and Fabrication
• Aerospace and Transportation
• Electronics
• Glass
• Petroleum Refining
• Water Treatment
• Power Generation
• Laboratory Research and Development
• Argon
  • TABLE 11. WORLD ARGON DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 7. WORLD ARGON APPLICATION SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL LIQUID AND SOLID CO2 DEMAND)
• Inerting
• Lighting
• Electronics Manufacturing
• Laboratory Research and Development
• Carbon Dioxide
• Liquid and Solid CO2
  • TABLE 12. WORLD LIQUID AND SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 8. WORLD LIQUID AND SOLID CO2 APPLICATION SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL LIQUID AND SOLID CO2 DEMAND)
• Chemical Industry
• Metal Industry
  • Plastics Industry
  • Food Industry
• Pharmaceutical Industry
• Beverage Industry
  • Medicine
  • Cleaning Systems
• Oil and Gas Recovery
• Other Industries
• Gaseous CO2
  • TABLE 13. WORLD GASEOUS CARBON DIOXIDE DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 9. WORLD GASEOUS CO2 APPLICATION SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL GASEOUS CO2 DEMAND)
  • Firefighting
  • Agriculture
• Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery (EOR)
• SYNTHESIS GAS
  • TABLE 14. WORLD SYNTHESIS GAS DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 10. WORLD SYNTHESIS GAS APPLICATION SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL SYNTHESIS GAS DEMAND)
• Chemicals and Fuels
• Iron and Steel Production
• Power Generation
• Fischer-Tropsch Liquids
• ACETYLENE
  • TABLE 15. WORLD ACETYLENE DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 11. WORLD ACETYLENE APPLICATION SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL ACETYLENE SALES)
• HELIUM
  • TABLE 16. WORLD HELIUM DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 12. WORLD HELIUM APPLICATION SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL HELIUM DEMAND)
• Optical Fibers
• Shielding and Inerting
• Drawing Process
• Cooling Medium
• Leak Tests
• Weather Programs
• Laboratory Research and Development
• LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)
  • TABLE 17. WORLD LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 13. WORLD LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS APPLICATION SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL LPG DEMAND)
  • FIGURE 13. (CONTINUED)
• Industrial
• Auto Fuel
• Residential and Commercial
• Chemical and Industrial
• Other
• SPECIALTY INDUSTRIAL GASES
  • TABLE 18. WORLD SPECIALTY GAS DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 14. WORLD SPECIALTY GAS APPLICATION SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL SPECIALTY GAS DEMAND)
  • FIGURE 14. (CONTINUED)
• Electronics
• Lasers
• Medical
• Lighting
• Laboratory Research and Development
• RARE GASES (KRYPTON, XENON, NEON, AND MIXTURES)
  • TABLE 19. DIFFERENT GAS MIXTURES AND THEIR USES
  • TABLE 20. WORLD RARE GASES DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 15. WORLD RARE GAS APPLICATION SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL SPECIALTY GAS DEMAND)
  • FIGURE 15. (CONTINUED)
• Lighting
• Medical
• Laboratory Research and Development
• INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKET BY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • TABLE 21. WORLD INDUSTRIAL GAS DEMAND ACCORDING TO PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 16. WORLD INDUSTRIAL GAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY SHARES, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL SPECIALTY GAS DEMAND)
• CRYOGENIC AIR SEPARATION
• VACUUM PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
• MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY
• REFORMING
• GASIFICATION
• BY-PRODUCTS FROM MANUFACTURING
• Cement Production
• Lime Production
• Iron and Steel
• OTHER
• Chemical Reaction
• Water Electrolysis
• Natural Gas Processing
• Recovery and Recycling
• INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKET BY PURITY GRADE
  • TABLE 22. PWORLDWIDE INDUSTRIAL GASES DEMAND BY PURITY, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 17. WORLD INDUSTRIAL GAS PRODUCTION SHARES BY PURITY GRADE, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL INDUSTRIAL GAS DEMAND)
  • FIGURE 17. (CONTINUED)
• RESEARCH GRADE (99.9999%)
• ULTRAHIGH-PURITY GRADE AND INSTRUMENT GRADE (99.999%)
• HIGH-PURITY GRADE AND PROCESS GRADE (99.0% TO 99.998%)

Chapter-6: INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKET BY REGION

• INTRODUCTION
  • TABLE 23. WORLD INDUSTRIAL GAS SALES BY REGION, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 18. WORLD INDUSTRIAL GAS SHARES BY REGION, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL CONSUMPTION)
• EUROPE
• NORTH AMERICA
• ASIA-PACIFIC
• INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKET BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL AND SUPPLY MODE
• DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
  • TABLE 24. WORLD INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKETS BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 19. WORLD INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKET SHARES BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2008 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL DISTRIBUTION)
  • TABLE 25. NATURAL GAS SALES BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 20. TRENDS IN DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL GASES, 2008 - 2014 (% OF TOTAL INDUSTRIAL GAS SALES MADE THROUGH DISTRIBUTORS)
  • FIGURE 20. (CONTINUED)
• GAS SUPPLY MODES
  • TABLE 26. WORLD INDUSTRIAL GAS VALUES BY SUPPLY MODE, 2008 - 2014 (%)
• PACKAGED CYLINDERS
• BULK SHIPMENTS
• ON-SITE PLANTS AND PIPELINES
• MARKETING
• SUPPORT SERVICES
• CYLINDER MANAGEMENT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEMS
• APPLICATIONS TRAINING
• COMPLIANCE MANAGEMENT
• E-BUSINESS

Chapter-7: GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND LEGISLATION

• INTRODUCTION
• UNITED STATES
• FEDERAL INITIATIVES
• Hydrogen Fuel Initiative
  • FIGURE 21. U.S. HYDROGEN FUEL INITIATIVE BUDGET, FY 2004 - FY 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
• Freedom CAR and Vehicles Technology Program
  • FIGURE 22. U.S. FREEDOMCAR AND VEHICLES TECHNOLOGY BUDGET, FY 2004 - 2009 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 22. (CONTINUED)
• STATE INITIATIVES
• California
• New York
• Florida
• EUROPEAN UNION
• EU PROGRAMS
• EU Framework Program
• CO2 Emissions Restrictions
• EU MEMBER STATES
• Germany
• JAPAN

Chapter-8: INDUSTRIAL GAS HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES

• INDUSTRIAL GAS HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES
• INDUSTRIAL GAS TRAINING COURSES FOR INDUSTRIAL SECTORS
• SAFETY
• OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND HYGIENE
• ENVIRONMENT
• QUALITY

Chapter-9: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
• NUMBER AND SIZE OF FIRMS
• INDUSTRY LEADERS
• Linde AG
• L' Air Liquide
• Praxair
• Air Products
• Taiyo Nippon Sanso
• Airgas, Inc.
• Messer Group GmbH
• MARKET SHARES
  • FIGURE 23. INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKET SHARES, 2008 (% OF GLOBAL INDUSTRIAL GAS SALES)
  • TABLE 27. INDUSTRIAL GAS MARKETS BY COMPANY AND REGION, 2008 (%)
• OWNERSHIP TRENDS
• LINDE
• L' AIR LIQUIDE
• PRAXAIR
• AIRGAS
• NIPPON SANSO
• MESSER GROUP

Chapter-10: PATENT ANALYSIS

• TABLE 28. U.S. PATENT AWARDS FOR INDUSTRIAL GAS PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES, 2004 - 2008
• FIGURE 24. TRENDS IN U.S. PATENT AWARDS FOR HYDROGEN PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES, 2004 - 2008

Chapter-11: COMPANY PROFILES

• COMPONENT AND EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS
• CHICAGO BRIDGE & IRON N.V.
• GREENFIELD COMPRESSION, INC.
• FABRICATION AND CONSTRUCTION
• TECHNIP
• ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES PROVIDERS
• ECD OVONICS
• QUESTAIR TECHNOLOGIES
• STARTECH ENVIRONMENTAL CORPORATION
• LICENSORS, CONTRACTORS, AND OPERATORS
• ALCHEMIX CORP.
• ENGINEERED GAS SYSTEMS (EGS)
• HALDOR TOPSOE A/S
• LURGI AG
• SIEMENS AG
• UHDE GMBH
• UNIVERSAL INDUSTRIAL GASES, INC.
• PRODUCERS AND DISTRIBUTORS
• AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.
• AIR WATER, INC.
• AIRGAS, INC.
• ALEXANDER CHEMICAL CORP.
• AMERICAN GAS GROUP
• FOSTER WHEELER CORP.
• L' AIR LIQUIDE SA
• LINDE AG
• MESSER GROUP GMBH
• MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL CO.
• NIKKO SANSO CO., LTD.
• NUCO2, INC.
• OZONO ELECTRONICA INTERNATIONALE SRL
• PRAXAIR, INC.
• REGO PRODUCTS
• SCOTT SPECIALTY GASES
• SCOTTISH CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
• SERVOMEX GROUP LIMITED
• SHOWA TANSAN CO., LTD.
• SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE CARBUROS METALICOS S.A.
• SPECIAL GAS SERVICES, INC.
• SPECTRA GASES
• TAIYO NIPPON SANSO CORP.
• TAIYO TOYO SANSO CO., LTD.
• TOLL GAS AND WELDING SUPPLY
• UTTAM AIR PRODUCTS PVT. LTD.
• VALLEY NATIONAL GASES, INC.
• VOLTAIX, INC.
• MANUFACTURERS OF FUEL CELLS AND COMPONENTS
• BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS
• FUEL CELL ENERGY, INC.
• HYDROGENICS CORP.
• PLUG POWER, LLC
• PROTON ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. (PES)
• RELION, INC.