Biomedical Imaging: From Drug Target Discovery to Medical Diagnostics Overview

Table of Contents

Chapter 1

• RENDERING LIVING OBJECTS BY INVISIBLE PROPERTIES: THE TECHNOLOGIES OF BIOIMAGING
• 1.1. Mapping Signals from Molecular Responses and Interactions
  • Three Dimensions Compressed into Two
  • Tomography: Virtual Slicing and Reconstruction
  • Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Rendering of Tomographic Images
• 1.2. Computed X-ray Tomography
• 1.3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• 1.4. Isotope Imaging: PET and SPECT
  • Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography
  • Positron Emission Tomography
• 1.5. Optical Techniques: Fluorescence, Bioluminescence, and Optical PET
  • Fluorescence and Bioluminescence-Base Imaging
  • Diffuse Optical Imaging
  • Optical Coherence Tomography
  • Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Its Derivatives
  • Spectroscopic Imaging Technologies
    • Optical Spectroscopy
    • Imaging Based on Multichannel Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
    • FRAP and FLIP
• 1.6. Other Imaging Technologies and Overarching Approaches
  • Ultrasound and Photoacoustics
  • Imaging and Nanotechnology
  • Brain Mapping with Endogenous Fields and Electrodes

Chapter 2

• MOLECULAR IMAGING IN TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
• 2.1. Optical Molecular Imaging Tags: From Discovery to Design
  • Fluorescent Proteins
  • Bioluminescence
  • Target-Activated Probes and Proximity Assays
  • Quantum Dots
• 2.2. Cellular-Level Molecular Imaging in Drug Discovery and Target Characterization
  • Cell-Based High-Content Screening Versus Cellular Molecular Imaging
• 2.3. Small Animal Imaging
  • The SAIR Program in the United States, and Other Significant Small Animal Imaging Sites
  • Classical Microtomographic Technologies
  • Optical Imaging of Laboratory Animals
  • Ultrasound Imaging of Research Animals
• 2.4. Molecular Imaging Applications in Predictive Safety Technologies
• 2.5. Imaging in Clinical Trials: Present and Near Future
  • A Catalog for Potential Clinical Imaging Biomarkers
  • Science and Logistics: Formidable Challenges for Sponsors and Sites
  • Alzheimer' s Disease
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Molecular Imaging in Cancer Trials: A Large Field Still to be Explored
  • Stem Cell and Gene Therapies
  • Atherosclerosis

Chapter 3

• DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING AT NUCLEAR MEDICINE CENTERS AND AT THE DOCTOR' S OFFICE
• 3.1. Key Market Characteristics for Clinical Nuclear Medicine Imaging
• 3.2. Cancer Staging, Therapy Planning, and Response Assessment
  • Solid Tumors: The Largest Field for Imaging
    • Lung Cancer
    • Optical Breast Imaging: Beyond Digital Mammography
    • Urological Cancers: Prostate and Bladder Tumors
    • Melanoma
    • Limited Potential for Molecular Imaging in Difficult-to-Treat Cancers
    • New Developments in Colonoscopy
• 3.3. Cardiorespiratory and Vascular Imaging
  • Inflammatory Lung Diseases
  • Imaging Agents for Cardiac Stress Testing and Heart Failure
  • Nuclear Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque
• 3.4. Neuroimaging
  • Dementia
  • Parkinson' s Disease and Attention Deficit Disorder
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Pain and Inflammation
• 3.5. Imaging in Eye Diseases
• 3.6. Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, and Gout: From Structure to Function
• 3.7. Diabetes: A Challenging Crossover Case for Molecular Imaging
• 3.8. HIV Tropism: A Clniical Application of Cellular Molecular Imaging

Chapter 4

• MOLECULAR IMAGING AND REGULATORY AUTHORITIES
• 4.1. FDA Regulations of Medical Imaging Agents
• 4.2. Specific FDA Regulations of PET Tracers
• 4.3. Molecular Imaging Feels the Crunch from the Deficit Reduction Act Reimbursement Cut
• 4.4. Regulation of Tomographic Scanners and Picture Archiving Systems
  • Tomographic Scanners
  • Picture Archiving Systems
• 4.5. Molecular Imaging Data as Endpoints in Drug Trials
  • Reading of Imaging Data in Clinical Trials
  • Training of Readers
  • Blinding of Readers
  • Submission and Regulatory Review of Imaging Data
• 4.6. European Regulatory Positions on Molecular Imaging

Chapter 5

• SELECTED PLAYERS IN THE MOLECULAR IMAGING BUSINESS
• 5.1. Cellular Imaging Equipment and Software Vendors
  • Carl Zeiss
  • ApoTome Imaging System
  • Cell Observer HS
  • Laser Scanning Microscopes
  • Leitz
  • Total Internal Fluorescence Microscopy System
  • "Super-resolution" Confocal/Multiphoton Systems
  • Olympus
  • Nikon
  • PerkinElmer
  • Caliper Life Sciences
  • VisEn Medical
  • Mauna Kea/Cellvizio
  • VisualSonics
  • Media Cybernetics
• 5.2. Manufacturing of Preclinical and Clinical Molecular Imaging Equipment
  • GE Healthcare
  • Siemens Healthcare
  • Philips Healthcare
  • Bruker
  • Biospace Lab
  • Berthold Technologies
  • Positron
  • Digirad
  • Carestream Health
  • LI-COR Biosciences
• 5.3. Developers of Imaging Agents and Probes
  • Bayer Schering Pharma
  • Siemens Medical Solutions
  • GE Healthcare
  • Lantheus Medical Imaging
  • Alseres Pharmaceuticals
  • Aposense
  • Avid Radiopharmaceuticals
  • Kereos
  • Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals
  • FluoroPharma
  • Invitrogen
  • Advanced Research Technologies
  • AION Diagnostics

Chapter 6

• CELLULAR MOLECULAR IMAGING, CLINICAL BIOMARKERS, AND IMAGE ANALYSIS: A PERSPECTIVE FOR THE 2010s
• 6.1. Role of Cellular Imaging in Drug Discovery and Development
• 6.2. Imaging Biomarkers
• 6.3. Information Technology and Imaging: The Overarching Tool

Appendix A

• MOLECULAR IMAGING RESOURCES
• Societies, Transnational Institutions, and Conferences
• Journals and Databases
• Industry Magazines
• Databases

Appendix B

• INSIGHT PHARMA REPORTS MOLECULAR IMAGING SURVEY - NOVEMBER 2008

References

• Company Index with Web Addresses