Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly subjected to the dynamics of a
globalized pharmaceutical market, and drug pricing and reimbursement continue
to vary widely country to country. In a price-sensitive environment such as
this, pharmaceutical companies increasingly need to be aware of international
price differentials. Through 20 tables and 10 fi gures of ex-manufacturer
prices of 160 of the world' s best-selling prescription drugs sold in seven of
the world' s largest pharmaceutical markets, this report examines overall price
differentials; reviews the pricing hierarchy in individual markets; analyzes
price variation by therapeutic areas; and examines the pricing of biologics.
Questions Answered in This Spectrum Report:
- Automatic price increases for drugs in the United States have been the
norm for years; but now relatively high drug prices in the United States have
provoked widespread criticism, and the trend for steadily increasing U.S.
prices is no longer certain. What pricing reforms are members of the
Democratic U.S. Congress considering? Which biologics companies have already
taken action to moderate prices on specifi c agents in the United States?
- Germany and the United Kingdom have the highest overall prices within
Europe for the 160 drugs examined in this report. Why aren' t these high
prices necessarily producing high sales? Which European country had the lowest
overall prices in 2006?
- In 2006, the price of 23 drugs in the United States was more than four
times the average price in other markets. Which drugs were these? Precisely
how much more expensive were these drugs compared to their prices in the
United States?
- Overall, the prices in Europe of the 160 drugs analyzed in this report
were only 54% of U.S. prices in 2006. How much did prices vary from country
to country across Europe in relation to the United States? How much did prices
vary among therapeutic areas?
- European and Japanese reimbursement authorities generally restrict
pharmaceutical prices. However, these authorities have approved prices for
biologics that are high in absolute terms and relative to U.S. prices. What
factors does European and Japanese tolerance for the high prices of biologics
likely refl ect?
Scope:
- Overall price differentials among seven major pharmaceutical
markets: ex-manufacturer prices of 160 drugs in six major markets (France,
Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, and Japan) relative to U.S. prices;
U.S. prices as a percentage of average prices in the other six major markets
- Pricing hierarchy in individual markets: U.S. prices of 160 drugs
as a percentage of average prices the six other major markets; prices in each
of the six other major markets for the same 160 drugs as a percentage of U.S.
prices.
- Price variations by therapeutic area: prices in six major markets
compared to U.S. prices, tabulated for 20 drugs in each of seven therapeutic
areas (cardiovascular drugs, metabolic disease therapies, immune and infl
ammatory disease therapies, infectious disease therapies, neurology drugs,
psychiatric drugs, and antineoplastic drugs) as well as for 10
gastrointestinal drugs and 10 treatments for the side effects of chemotherapy.
- Biologics: prices as a percentage of U.S. prices for 22 biologics
in the six other major markets.
- Outlook and Implications: uncertainty for increasing prices in the
United States; pricing pressures from European reference-pricing policies; the
uncertain relationship between high price and high sales in Europe; relentless
erosion of prices in Japan.
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