Treating COPD Comorbidities: A Market Opportunity for Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Agents?

Table of Contents

• Executive Summary
  • Strategic Considerations
  • Stakeholder Implications
• Introduction
• Understanding the Mechanisms of COPD
  • Risk Factors for COPD
  • Pathophysiology of COPD
    • Small Airway Disease
    • Emphysema
  • Role of Systemic Infl ammation in COPD
• Comorbidities Associated with COPD Caused by Systemic Infl ammation
  • Cardiovascular Complications: Atherosclerosis and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
    • Atherosclerosis
    • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
  • Osteoporosis
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Cachexia
• Drug Classes with Possible Use in Treating the Systemic and Localized Infl ammation of COPD
  • TNF-α Inhibitors
  • PPAR-Gamma Agonists
  • Statins
  • PDE Inhibitors
• Assessing the Unanswered Questions About Treating Systemic Infl ammation in COPD
• Appendix:Current Treatments for Localized COPD
  • Short-Acting Beta2 Agonists
  • Long-Acting Beta2 Agonists
  • Muscarinic Antagonists
  • Inhaled Corticosteroids
  • Beta2 Agonist/Muscarinic Antagonist Combinations
  • Long-Acting Beta2 Agonist/Inhaled Corticosteroid Combinations
  • Methylxanthines

Tables:

• 1. Sales of Leading Agents to Treat COPD, 2006
• 2. Risk Factors Linked to COPD
• 3. Infl ammatory Molecules Involved in COPD
• 4. Existing and Emerging TNF-α Inhibitors, 2008
• 5. Existing and Emerging PPAR-Gamma Agonists, 2008
• 6. Approved Statins, 2008
• 7. Approved and Emerging PDE 4 and 5 Inhibitors, 2008

Figures:

• 1. Prevalent Cases of COPD in the United States, Europe, and Japan, 2006 and 2011
• 2. Comorbidities Associated with COPD