Table of Contents
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
II. CARBON SEQUESTRATION MARKET DRIVERS
- 1. Sequestration Critical Step to Keep Coal a Viable Energy Resource
- Intensifying Carbon Concerns Accelerate Coal Plant Pushback
- Global Carbon Capture Power Project Development Picks Up
- 2. Carbon Policy Critical to Commercializing Sequestration
- 2009 Shaping up to Be a Critical Year
- Cap-and-Trade vs Carbon Tax
- Global Policy Looks Past Kyoto Protocol
- Attention Turns to Copenhagen in 2009
- CCS Hits Snag to Inclusion Under CDM at the End of 2008
- The EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) to Opt in CCS
- Phase III of ETS Lessens Policy Uncertainty
- U.S. Carbon Policy to Address Carbon Sequestration
- Treatment of CCS in Emerging US National Climate Bills
- US State Carbon Policy Initiatives
- Carbon Policies in the Rest of the World
- CCS a Key Priority of Australia' s Domestic
- Carbon Trading Scheme
- Regional Initiatives Lead the Way in
- Canada as Federal Policy Sputters
- Alberta Underpins Carbon Policy with CCS Ambitions
- Japan Tip-Toes Onward with Voluntary
- Cap-and-Trade Scheme
- New Zealand Emission Trading Scheme
- Unravels at the End of 2008
- Large Non-Annex 1 Nations Move Slowly
- Towards Carbon Goals
- Voluntary Carbon Markets Bolster CCS Economics
- 3. Carbon Sequestration Support Policies and Project Incentives
- US CCS Strategy Matures to Demonstration Scale
- US DOE Regional Carbon Sequestration
- Partnerships Key Funding Mechanism
- Federal Support for Clean Coal Drives CCS Demonstration
- Sequestration Tax Credits for Volume
- Based CO2 Storage to Have Limited Appeal
- US State Initiatives Support Sequestration
- European CCS Funding Focused on the Power Sector
- EU Passes Substantial CCS Demonstration
- Funding at the End of 2008
- National Support for CCS in Europe
- Alberta Leads Canada Sequestration
- Australia Clean Coal Policy Advances
- CCS Support Policies in the Rest of the World
III. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT HURDLES
- 1. Global Carbon Sequestration Activity, 1980-2008
- 2. Sequestration Applications: Technical Challenges and Risks
- Near-Term Opportunity: Depleted Oil and Gas Reservoirs Dominate
- EOR Crucial for Initial Scaling of Sequestration Strategies
- Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) Gains Limited Attention
- Saline Aquifers Hold Long-Term Potential, Face Upfront Risks
- Coal Bed Storage Has Big Upside, But Faces Technical Challenges
- Basalt Far From Commercial
- Exotic Storage Options Largely Impractical
- 3. Storage Capacity a Challenge for Select Markets
- 4. Regulation Hurdles Slow Sequestration Evolution
- Site Characterization and Monitoring
- Regional Analysis of Sequestration Policies
- Fluid US Regulatory Situation Evolving on Multiple Levels
- EU Negotiates Vote on Draft
- Sequestration Directive
- Australia Federal Government Takes Lead Offshore, States Onshore
- Alberta Sets up Council for Draft Regulations
- Economics of Carbon Sequestration
- Breakdown of Sequestration Costs Along Value Chain
- Race Heats up to Define Capture Costs for the Power Sector
- Upfront Costs Challenge Sequestration Site Developers
- Pipeline Costs Relatively Well Defined
- EOR Developers Seek out ‘Affordable' CO2
IV. CARBON SEQUESTRATION MARKET ANALYSIS & FORECASTS
- 1. Status of Global Carbon Sequestration Pipeline
- A Pivotal Time: Landmark Projects Starting Up in 2008 & 2009
- Financial Crisis Exacerbates Sequestration Challenges
- Carbon Sequestration Project Review by Region
- USA Leads Global Sequestration Activity
- Western Canada Places Bet on Sequestration
- Carbon Sequestration Project Development in Europe
- UK Taps CCS Demonstration as Energy Crunch Looms
- Norway Evaluates Opportunities to Benefit from Early Leadership
- Netherlands Eyes Potential for Emissions Hub
- Germans Weigh CCS Alongside
- Renewables and an Uncertain Nuclear Future
- National Energy Giants Team Up in Italy
- Poland Weighs CCS Cost Against Russian Natural Gas Dependence
- Other EU Nations Evaluate Limited Potential
- Carbon Sequestration Activity in Australia
- Carbon Sequestration Activity in Asia
- China Turns Industrial Weight Towards CCS Attracting Foreign Players
- Government Backed Japanese Industry Leads CCS Forward Domestically and
Abroad
- Southeast Asia Awaits CDM Opportunities
- Carbon Sequestration Activity in the Rest of the World
- Middle East Ponders Mega-Scale Sequestration
- 3. Global Carbon Sequestration Market Forecast, 2009-2030
- Global Sequestration Forecast Building Blocks
- EOR as a Critical Intermediate Driver for Sequestration
- Government Funding Critical Foundation for Industry Development
- Aggressive Carbon Policies Needed to Provide Long-Term Stable Price Incentive
- Cost Competiveness of CCS in a Carbon Constrained World
- Global Sequestration Forecast Scenarios, 2009-2030
- Base Case Driven by EOR until 2020
- High Growth Forecast Shows Substantial Upside
- Forecast of Investment in Carbon Sequestration 2008-2030
V. CARBON SEQUESTRATION DEVELOPER STRATEGIES
- 1. Sequestration Value Chain in Formative Stages
- Market Share of Companies Involved in Existing CO2 Injection
- Carbon Sequestration Development Rankings
- Sequestration a Natural Fit for Oil & Gas Players
- 2. Oil & Gas Industry Getting Ready to Lead
- Shell and BP Lead Supermajors in CCS Activity
- Regional Leaders Tap Sequestration for Geographic Expansion
- In North America, Independents Bid for Competitive Niche with CO2-EOR
- Midstream Energy Companies Explore CO2 Marketing, Pipeline strategies
- Upstarts Seek to Catalyze Early Activity, Look to Get Out in Front
- Oil and Gas Services Companies Explore Potential
- 3. Europeans Tap Power-Gas Strategies for Sequestration
- 4. Coal Industry Strategies Tied to Sequestration
- 5. Early Stage MMV strategies
VI. CARBON SEQUESTRATION COMPANY PROFILES
- 1. Global Oil and Gas Supermajors
- BP / Hydrogen Energy
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Chevron
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- ConocoPhillips
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- ExxonMobil
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Royal Dutch Shell
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Total S.A.
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- 2. Regional and Independent Oil and Gas Producers
- Anadarko
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Centrica
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Core Energy, LLC
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Denbury Resources
- Encana
- GDF Suez
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Japan Petroleum Exploration Co. (JAPEX)
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Occidental Petroleum
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- OMV
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Pengrowth Energy Trust
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Penn West Energy Trust
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Santos
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Star Energy
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- StatoilHydro
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Suncor
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Strike Oil Limited
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Tullow Oil
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- CO2 Aggregators, Marketers and Pipeline Developers
- Blue Source
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Dakota Gasification / Basin Electric Power
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Enbridge
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Enhance Energy
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Kinder Morgan
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- M&M Energy
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- TransCanada
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Trinity CO2 LLC
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- 4. Carbon Sequestration Services Companies and Technology Promoters
- HTC Purenergy
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Schlumberger
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Technip
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Geogreen
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- 5. Coal Companies Involved in Sequestration
- Anglo American
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Arch Coal
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Peabody Energy
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Rio Tinto
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Solid Energy
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
- Xstrata
- Sequestration Activity and Strategy
LIST OF EXHIBITS
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
II. CARBON SEQUESTRATION MARKET DRIVERS
- 1. CO2 Sequestration Market Drivers
- 2. Coal Resource Availability, Use in Power Sector and Price Comparison
- 3. Policies Impacting Coal' s Long Term Viability without CCS
- 4. Status of Carbon Capture Power Projects Under Development
- 5. State of Global Carbon Policy Momentum
- 6. Proposed CDM Projects and Methodologies with a Sequestration Component
- 7. ETS Evolving as a Critical Driver for CCS Rollout in the EU
- 8. Carbon Reduction of Proposed Climate Change Bills in the U.S. Congress,
2008
- 9. Status of US State Carbon Policies and Regional Partnerships
- 10. Provincial Carbon Policy in Canada and Alberta
- 11. Overview of Global CCS Funding and Key Regions with Sequestration
Regulations
- 12. Overview of Sequestration Related Federal Funding in the US
- 13. RCSP Combined Project Value and Planned Sequestration by Phase
- 14. Key US State Funding Initiatives Related to Carbon Sequestration
- 15. CCS Development in Europe
- 16. National Initiatives Supporting CCS in Europe
- 17. Canadian CCS Funding and Allocation Schedule
- 18. Funding Initiatives in Australia
III.PROJECT DEVELOPMENT HURDLES
- 1. Challenges Facing Developers of CCS Projects
- 2. Sequestration Scale-up Ahead
- 3. Summary of Sequestration Sinks
- 4. Previous and Existing CO2 Injection Activity in Depleted Oil and Gas
Reservoirs
- 5. EOR Activity by Country and Largest Operating EOR Projects Using CO2
- 6. Saline Aquifer Storage Projects
- 7. Carbon Sequestration Projects in Coal Beds
- 8. Project Activity Targeting Storage in Basalt
- 9. Key Sedimentary Basins Considered for Sequestration Globally
- 10. Regulatory Hurdles Facing Carbon Sequestration
- 11. Global Matrix of Carbon Sequestration Regulation Development
- 12. US States Progressing Specific Sequestration Legislation
- 13. Status of Carbon Sequestration Regulations in Australia
- 14. Cost Breakdown of the Carbon Capture and Sequestration Value Chain
- 15. Activity Targeting Capture Cost Reduction
- 16. Investment Requirements for Key Elements of a Large Sequestration
Project
- 17. Project Cost Breakdown for CO2-EOR
IV. SEQUESTRATION MARKET ANALYSIS & FORECASTS
- 1. Select Carbon Sequestration Projects by Scale and Sink Type
- 2. Sequestration Project Activity 2007-2009
- 3. Recently Cancelled Carbon Sequestration Projects
- 4. Carbon Sequestration Project Market Share by Region, 150 Million Tons /
Year
- 5. Analysis of Carbon Sequestration Maturity by Region
- 6. US Carbon Capture and Sequestration Activity
- 7. Emerging Pockets of CCS Activity in Western Canada
- 8. Overview of European Carbon Sequestration Activity
- 9. CCS Project Activity in the UK
- 10. CCS Activity in Norway
- 11. Planned Carbon Capture and Sequestration Activity in Netherlands
- 12. Proposed CCS Activity in Germany
- 13. CCS Activity in Italy
- 14. CCS Activity in Australia
- 15. Key CCS Activity Across Northern Asia
- 16. Base Case Carbon Sequestration Forecast for EOR
- 17. Forecasted CCS Projects Leveraging Government Funding, 2009-2016
- 18. Coal Plant Demand Potential in Key Regions by 2030
- 19. EER' s Base Case Sequestration Market Forecast by Region, 2009-2030
- 20. Carbon Sequestration Market Forecast, Base Case 2008-2030
- 21. Carbon Sequestration Market Forecast, High Growth 2008-2030
- 22. Forecast of Annual Capital Outlay for CCS, 2009-2030
V. CARBON SEQUESTRATION DEVELOPER STRATEGIES
- 1. Positioning Along the CO2 Project Development Value Chain
- 2. Company Involvement in Existing CO2 Storage Projects
- 3. Developer Rankings of Carbon Sequestration Projects Announced in the
Pipeline
- 4. Crossover Between Sequestration and Traditional Oil & Gas Value Chains
- 5. Energy Companies and the Carbon Sequestration Development Continuum
- 6. Supermajors Strategic Alliance with CCS
- 7. CCS and International Growth Strategies
- 8. Company Market Share in Existing Projects Across the CO2-EOR Value Chain
- 9. Examples of Significant Ongoing CO2 Pipeline Development Activity
- 10. New Entrants Positioning along the CO2 Value Chain
- 11. Vertically Integrated EU Power-Gas Utilities
VI. CARBON SEQUESTRATION COMPANY PROFILES
- 1. BP Sequestration Activity
- 2. Chevron Sequestration Activity
- 3. ConocoPhillips Sequestration Activity
- 4. ExxonMobil Sequestration Activity
- 5. Royal Dutch Shell Sequestration Activity
- 6. Total S.A. Sequestration Activity
- 7. Anadarko Sequestration Activity
- 8. Centrica Sequestration Activity
- 9. Core Energy Sequestration Activity
- 10. Denbury Resources Sequestration Activity
- 11. Encana Sequestration Activity
- 12. GDF Suez Sequestration Activity
- 13. Japan Petroleum Exploration Co. (JAPEX) Sequestration Activity
- 14. Occidental Petroleum Sequestration Activity
- 15. OMV Sequestration Activity
- 16. Pengrowth Energy Trust Sequestration Activity
- 17. Penn West Sequestration Activity
- 18. Santos Sequestration Activity
- 19. Star Energy Sequestration Activity
- 20. StatoilHydro Sequestration Activity
- 21. Suncor Sequestration Activity
- 22. Strike Oil Limited Sequestration Activity
- 23. Tullow Oil Sequestration Activity
- 24. Blue Source Sequestration Activity
- 25. Dakota Gasification / Basin Electric Power Sequestration Activity
- 26. Enbridge Sequestration Activity
- 27. Enhance Energy Sequestration Activity
- 28. Kinder Morgan Sequestration Activity
- 29. M&M Energy Sequestration Activity
- 30. N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie Sequestration Activity
- 31. TransCanada Sequestration Activity
- 32. Trinity CO2 LLC Sequestration Activity
- 33. HTC Purenergy Sequestration Activity
- 34. Schlumberger Sequestration Activity
- 35. Technip Sequestration Activity
- 36. Geogreen Sequestration Activity
- 37. Anglo American Sequestration Activity
- 38. Arch Coal Sequestration Activity
- 39. Peabody Energy Sequestration Activity
- 40. Rio Tinto Sequestration Activity
- 41. Solid Energy Sequestration Activity
- 42. Xstrata Sequestration Activity
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