Emerging Opportunities in Cancer Nanomedicine

Table of Contents

1. Scope of report

2. Executive summary

3. Introduction

• 3.1 Introduction to nanotechnology
  • Background to nanotechnology
    • Figure 1. Artificial and biological nanostructures
  • History of nanotechnology
  • Construction of nanotechnologies
  • Nanomaterials
  • Thin films, layers and surfaces
  • Carbon nanotubes
    • Figure 2. Atomic structures of CNTs
  • Inorganic nanotubes
  • Nanowires
    • Figure 3. Arrays of uniform zinc oxide nanowires
  • Microneedles
  • Nanofibres as biomaterials
    • Figure 4. Arrays of nanofibres
  • Biopolymers
  • Nucleic acid lattices and scaffolds
    • Figure 5. DNA stick figures
  • Micelles
    • Figure 6. A schematic of the formation of a micelle
  • Liposomes
    • Figure 7. Schematic representation of four major liposome types.
  • Dendrimers
    • Figure 8. The dendritic structure
  • Liquid crystals
  • Superparamagnetic iron oxide crystals
  • Nanoparticles
  • Aquasomes (carbohydrate-ceramic nanoparticles)
  • Polyplexes/Lipopolyplexes
  • Hydrogels
  • Fullerenes (carbon 60)
    • Figure 9. Structure of a C60 fullerene
  • Quantum dots
    • Figure 10. Silicon at the nanoscale becomes optically active
  • Cantilevers with functionalised tips
  • Microchips for drug delivery
• 3.2 Nanomedicine: an offshoot of nanotechnology
  • Current and future applications
  • Array technologies
  • Electronics and information and communication technology (ICT )
  • Self-assembly
  • Drug delivery
  • Drug discovery
  • Medical imaging

4. Key opportunities for cancer nanomedicine

• 4.1 Molecular imaging and early detection
  • Predicted development scenarios
• 4.2 In vivo imaging
  • Predicted development scenarios
• 4.3 Reporters of efficacy
  • Predicted development scenarios
• 4.4 Multi-functional therapeutics
  • Predicted development scenarios
• 4.5 Prevention and control
  • Predicted development scenarios
• 4.6 Research enablers
  • Predicted development scenarios

5. Market future

• 5.1 Research trends and initiatives
  • Broad international survey
  • Europe
  • Asia
  • Patents
• 5.2 Technology and challenges
  • Standardisation and quality assurance
  • Molecular manufacturing
  • Figure 11. Future nanoscale machines
  • Programmability of nanodevices
• 5.3 Business and regulatory challenges
  • Managing interdisciplinary requirements
  • Regulation
  • Ethics
  • Legal
• 5.4 Nanomedicine growth opportunities
  • Economic impact
  • Drug delivery
• 5.5 Nanomedicine growth restraints
  • Toxicology
  • Carcinogenicity
  • Long-term stability
  • Excretion pathways for artificial nanostructures
    • Figure 12. Summary of the hypothetical toxicokinetic pathways for nanoparticles
  • Public perception
• 5.6 Time estimates for nano developments
  • Table 1. European Technology Platform on Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology for Health
• 5.7 Key opinions
  • Table 2. Time of realisation of nanobiotechnology developments
  • Table 3. Prospects of commercialisation index
  • Table 4. Limits to commercialisation
  • Table 5. Actions needed to foster realisation
• 5.8 Funding
  • Table 6. Examples of public funding for R&D in nanoscience and nanotechnology
  • International government spending
    • Table 7. Worldwide government funding for nanotechnology R&D
    • Figure 13. Worldwide government funding for nanotechnology R&D
    • Figure 14. Number of nanocompanies in Europe
  • US-focused overview - regional, State and local spending
  • Private investment

6. Current progress in cancer nanomedicine

• 6.1 Products on the market
  • Table 8. Products currently on the market with oncology applications
  • Abraxis BioScience/AstraZeneca - Abraxane
  • Gilead Sciences/Diatos - DaunoXome
  • Immunicon - CellSearch Circulating Tumor Cell Kit
  • Nanosphere - Bio-barcode and Verigene platform
  • Ortho Biotech (Johnson & Johnson) - Caelyx/Doxil
    • Figure 15. Representation of a STEALTH liposome.
  • Zeneus Pharma - Myocet
• 6.2 Products moving to market
  • Table 9. Products moving to the market with oncology applications
  • Ablynx
    • Figure 16. Nanobodies
  • Acusphere
  • Advanced Magnetics/Cytogen
  • ADVENTRX Pharmaceuticals
  • Alnis Biosciences
  • Aphios
  • Celsion
  • Dendritic Technologies/Starpharma
  • Flamel Technologies
  • INEX Pharmaceuticals
  • Insert Therapeutics (Arrowhead Research)
    • Figure 17. Structure of IT-101
  • Intradigm
  • Introgen Therapeutics
  • Kereos
  • Keystone Nano
  • LiPlasome Pharma
  • MagForce Nanotechnologies
  • Mersana Therapeutics
  • Nanobiotix
  • NanoCarrier
  • Nanolution (Biophan Technologies)
  • NanoMed Pharmaceuticals
  • Nanospectra Biosciences
  • Pro-Pharmaceuticals
  • Project BioFinger
    • Figure 18. BioFinger: diagnosis tool based on the measurement of molecular interactions
  • pSivida
  • OSI Pharmaceuticals
  • Spherics
  • TransGenex Nanobiotech
  • Triton Biosytems
• 6.3 Novel research
  • Burnham Institute
  • California State University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Clemson University
  • Eindhoven University of Technology and University of Bordeaux
  • Friedrich Schiller University
  • George Mason University and the University of Texas Health Science Center
  • Georgia Institute of Technology
  • Harvard University
  • Johann Wolfgang Goethe University
  • Johns Hopkins University
  • Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
  • Luikov Heath and Mass Transfer Institute
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT )
  • National Institute of Standards and Technology
  • Northwestern University
  • Oak Ridge National Laboratory
  • Ohio State University
  • Sandia National Laboratories
  • Seoul National University
  • Stanford University
  • State University of New York and California State University
  • The Scripps Research Institute
  • Universite Pierre et Marie Curie
  • University of California, Berkeley
  • University of Delaware
  • University of Florida
  • University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
  • University of Michigan
    • Figure 19. A flexible platform for the detection and treatment of cancer
  • University of Missouri
  • University of Santiago de Compostela
  • Virginia Commonwealth University

7. Company index

8. Bibliography

9. Glossary