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Market Research Report
Cancer Vaccine Developments to 2013
Published by
Espicom Business Intelligence
Published
2007/09
Content info
183+ PAGES
Product code
ES55740
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Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
What is a cancer vaccine?
Figure 1. Potential advantages of therapeutic vaccines for cancer
Prophylactic vaccines
Overview
Table 1. Infectious agents involved in cancer
Limitations
Therapeutic vaccines
Overview
Figure 2. Vaccines in Phase II/III development by vaccine type
Ag/adjuvant vaccines
Whole cell tumour vaccines
Dendritic cell vaccines
Viral vectors and DNA vaccines
DNA vaccines
Vector-based vaccines
Idiotype vaccines
Antigens
Carcinoembryonic antigen
Ganglioside molecules
Heat shock proteins
MART-1
MUC1
NY-ESO-1
Prostate specific antigen
Sialyl Tn
Telomerase
Tyrosinase
Adjuvants
AS04
Bacillus Calmette Guerin
Interleukins
Granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor
Incomplete Freund' s adjuvant
Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Montanide ISA-51
QS-21
Monitoring the immune response
Proliferation
Peptide-major histocompatibility complex multimers
ELIS pot
Intracellular cytokine assays
Challenges of developing vaccines
General challenges
Antigen selection
Adjuvants
Generating the correct immune response
Long-term immune memory
Cancer-vaccine specific challenges
Function of thymus
Heterogeneity in immune responses
Evasion of immune system
Tumour-induced immunosuppression
Induction of autoimmunity
Product standardisation and characterisation
MARKET FUTURE
Potential targets
Tumour types
Figure 3. Vaccines in Phase II/III development by indication
Disease incidence
Figure 4. US cancer statistics
Disease settings
Combination therapy
Figure 5. Potential combination therapy with cancer vaccines
Clinical trial designs
Proposed clinical trial design
Table 2. Proposed clinical trial designs for cancer vaccines
Endpoints
Patient selection
Survival
Other time-to-event endpoints
Response rate
Endpoint modifications
Patient-reported outcomes and quality-of-life endpoints
Biologic markers
Regulatory challenges
Market leaders
Figure 6. Vaccines in Phase II/III development by company
Figure 7. Factors faced by vaccines from their competitors
Cost effectiveness
Market growth
Potential market size
Figure 8. Growth drivers and resistors in the therapeutic cancer
vaccine market
Competition
Cervical cancer vaccines: novel challenges
Figure 9. Issues faced by human papillomavirus vaccines
HPV vaccines
Gardasil
Cervarix
Vaccination population
Australia
Canada
Europe
Belgium
France
Switzerland
US
Vaccine cost
US Government immunisation schemes
European reimbursement
Sweden
UK
Less developed countries
Safety issues
Screening
Future research
MAJOR AGREEMENTS
The advantage of collaboration
Figure 10. The benefits of collaboration
Table 3. Agreements that could shape the cancer vaccine market
The Biomira and Merck KGaA story
Stimuvax
The Geron and Merck & Co story
GRNVAC 1
The GSK and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research story
MA GE-A3
The Oxford BioMedica and sanofi-aventis story
TroVax
The Roche and Transgene story
TG4001
Terminated agreements: big pharma burns its fingers
Table 4. Terminated agreements between biotech companies and big pharma
Canvaxin
CancerVax and Serono
The agreement
Why did the agreement end?
Melacine
Corixa and Schering-Plough
The agreement
Why did the agreement end?
GMK Vaccine
Progenics Pharmaceuticals and Bristol-Myers Squibb
The agreement
Why did the agreement end?
Insegia
Aphton and sanofi pasteur
The agreement
Why did the agreement end?
Theratope
Biomira and Merck KGaA
The agreement
Why did the agreement end?
FAILED CANCER VACCINES
Figure 11. Reasons why cancer vaccines may have failed in clinical trials
Cancer vaccines that have failed in Phase II /II development
Table 5. Major cancer vaccine failures
Canvaxin failure leads to CancerVax merger
Product history
Why did the vaccine fail?
GMK Vaccine loses BMS backing following inferior results
Product history
Why did the vaccine fail?
GVAX highlights limits of patient-specific vaccines
Product history
Why did the vaccine fail?
Insegia problems force Aphton' s bankruptcy
Product history
Why did the vaccine fail?
Table 6. Insegia Phase III results showing survival by Ab response
Melacine; launched and disappeared
Product history
Why did the vaccine fail?
PANVAC-VF failure forces liquidation of Therion
Product history
Why did the vaccine fail?
Early Reniale data still waiting for confirmation
Product history
Why did the vaccine fail?
Theratope disappointment wards off Merck
Product history
Why did the vaccine fail?
LAUNCHED PRODUCTS
Vaccines currently on the market
Table 7. Vaccines currently on the market
OncoVAX
Intracel
The market(s)
The technology
Results to date
M-Vax
AVAX Technologies
The market(s)
The technology
Results to date
Gardasil
Sanofi Pasteur MSD
The market(s)
The technology
Results to date
Cervarix
GlaxoSmithKline
The market(s)
The technology
Results to date
Estimated sales
Gardasil
Sanofi Pasteur MSD (sanofi-aventis' joint venture with Merck & Co)
Sales forecasts and assumptions
Table 8. Sales forecast for Gardasil
Cervarix
GlaxoSmithKline
Sales forecasts and assumptions
Table 9. Sales forecast for Cervarix
VACCINES IN DEVELOPMENT
Table 10. Who' s developing what in Phase II/III?
Key launches
Table 11. Key vaccine launches to 2013
Figure 12. Key vaccine launches by indication
Figure 13. Key vaccine launches by vaccine type
BREAST CANCER
Overview
Figure 14. Development phase breakdown for breast cancer
Figure 15. Vaccine type breakdown for breast cancer
Why is vaccine therapy being explored for breast cancer?
Vaccines in Phase II development
Table 12. Vaccines in Phase II development for breast cancer
Vaccines in Phase I development
Table 13. Vaccines in Phase I development for breast cancer
Vaccines of interest
AE37
dHER2 vaccine
NeuVax
HAEMATOLOGICAL CANCER
Overview
Figure 16. Development phase breakdown for haematological cancer
Figure 17. Vaccine type breakdown for haematological cancer
Why is vaccine therapy being explored for non-Hodgkin' s lymphoma?
Why is vaccine therapy being explored for leukaemia?
Vaccines in Phase III development
Table 14. Vaccines in Phase III development for haematological cancers
Vaccines in Phase II development
Table 15. Vaccines in Phase II development for haematological cancers
Vaccines in Phase I development
Table 16. Vaccines in Phase I development for haematological cancers
BiovaxID
Biovest International (Accentia Biopharmaceuticals)
The technology
Figure 18. The process involved in manufacturing BiovaxID
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Agreements
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
FavId
Favrille
The technology
Figure 19. The process involved in manufacturing FavId
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Agreements
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
MyVax
Genitope
The technology
Figure 20. The process involved in manufacturing MyVax
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
PR1 vaccine
The Vaccine Company
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Other vaccines of interest
Oncophage
LUNG CANCER
Overview
Figure 21. Development phase breakdown for lung cancer
Figure 22. Vaccine type breakdown for lung cancer
Why is vaccine therapy being explored for lung cancer?
Vaccines in Phase II development
Table 17. Vaccines in Phase III development for lung cancer
Vaccines in Phase II development
Table 18. Vaccines in Phase II development for lung cancer
Vaccines in Phase I development
Table 19. Vaccines in Phase I development for lung cancer
Lucanix
NovaRx
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Agreements
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
MAGE-A3
GlaxoSmithKline
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Agreements
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Stimuvax
Biomira/Merck KGaA
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Agreements
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Other vaccines of interest
IDM -2101
IN GN 225
GENITO-URINARY CANCER
Overview
Figure 23. Development phase breakdown for genito-urinary cancer
Figure 24. Vaccine type breakdown for genito-urinary cancer
Why is vaccine therapy being explored for prostate cancer?
Why is vaccine therapy being explored for renal cell carcinoma?
Vaccines in Phase II development
Table 20. Vaccines in Phase III development for genito-urinary cancers
Vaccines in Phase II development
Table 21. Vaccines in Phase II development for genito-urinary cancers
Vaccines in Phase I development
Table 22. Vaccines in Phase I development for genito-urinary cancers
DCVax-Prostate
Northwest Biotherapeutics
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
GVAX vaccine
Cell Genesys
The technology
Pivotal trials
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Agreements
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Oncophage
Antigenics
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Provenge
Dendreon
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
TroVax
Oxford BioMedica/sanofi-aventis
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Agreements
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Other vaccines of interest
GRNVAC 1
Onyvax-P
Reniale
GYNAECOLOGICAL CANCER
Overview
Figure 25. Development phase breakdown for gynaecological cancer
Figure 26. Vaccine type breakdown for gynaecological cancer
Why is vaccine therapy being explored for ovarian cancer?
Vaccines in Phase II development
Table 23. Vaccines in Phase III development for gynaecological cancers
Vaccines in Phase II development
Table 24. Vaccines in Phase II development for gynaecological cancers
Vaccines in Phase I development
Table 25. Vaccines in Phase I development for gynaecological cancers
Amolimogene
MGI Pharma
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
TG4001
Transgene/Roche
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Agreements
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Other vaccines of interest
CV ac
HspE7
GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER
Overview
Figure 27. Development phase breakdown for gastrointestinal cancer
Figure 28. Vaccine type breakdown for gastrointestinal cancer
Why is vaccine therapy being explored for pancreatic cancer?
Why is vaccine therapy being explored for colorectal cancer?
Vaccines in Phase III development
Table 26. Vaccines in Phase III development for gastrointestinal cancers
Vaccines in Phase II development
Table 27. Vaccines in Phase II development for gastrointestinal cancers
Vaccines in Phase I development
Table 28. Vaccines in Phase I development for gastrointestinal cancers
GV1001
Pharmexa
The technology
Pivotal trials
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
OncoVAX
Intracel
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
TroVax
Oxford BioMedica/sanofi-aventis
The technology
Other important trials
Results to date
Phase II results of TroVax plus CT in CRC
Phase II results of TroVax adjuvant therapy in CRC
Next major event/milestone
Agreements
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Other vaccines of interest
Avicine
Gastrimmune
Oncophage
BRAIN CANCER
Overview
Figure 29. Development phase breakdown for brain cancer
Figure 30. Vaccine type breakdown for brain cancer
Why is vaccine therapy being explored for brain cancer?
Vaccines in Phase II development
Table 29. Vaccines in Phase II development for brain cancer
Vaccines in Phase I development
Table 30. Vaccines in Phase I development for brain cancer
CDX-110
Celldex Therapeutics
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
DCVax-Brain
Northwest Biotherapeutics
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Other vaccines of interest
Oncophage
MELANOMA/SARCOMA
Overview
Figure 31. Development phase breakdown for melanoma/sarcoma
Figure 32. Vaccine type breakdown for melanoma/sarcoma
Why is vaccine therapy being explored for melanoma?
Vaccines in Phase II development
Table 31. Vaccines in Phase III development for melanoma/sarcoma
Vaccines in Phase II development
Table 32. Vaccines in Phase II development for melanoma/sarcoma
Vaccines in Phase I development
Table 33. Vaccines in Phase I development for melanoma/sarcoma
Allovectin-7
Vical
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Agreements
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
MDX-1379
Medarex/Bristol-Myers Squibb
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Agreements
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
M-Vax
AVAX Technologies
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Oncophage
Antigenics
The technology
Pivotal trial
Other important trials
Results to date
Next major event/milestone
Market size
Competitors
Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Other vaccines of interest
Uvidem
OTHER VACCINES
Overview
Vaccines in Phase II development
Table 34. Vaccines in Phase II development for other cancers
Vaccines in Phase I development
Table 35. Vaccines in Phase I development for other cancers
SOURCES
Espicom sources
Others
Related Report
Cancer Drug News
Drug Delivery in Cancer - technologies, markets and companies
Pipeline/Commercial Insight: Supportive Care in Oncology - Innovation and market growth limited to bone metastases management and emerging supportive care challenges
Prostate Cancer Drug Discoveries: what the future holds
Global Skin Cancer Therapeutics Markets
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