Sports Clubs and Promoters

Table of Contents

1. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 1

• Historic Developments 1
• Organization and Structure 2
• Market Dynamics 2
• Merchandising and Sponsorship 3
• Salary Cap 3
• Stadiums 3
• Financing Stadium Construction 4
• Optimizing Construction Costs 4
• Impact from Decommissioning Old Stadium 4
• Insurance Costs for Players 5
• Television and Sports Industry - A Historic Review 5
• Leading Franchises in Various Sports 5
• Baseball 5
• New York Yankees (US) 5
• Yomiuri Giants (Japan) 6
• American Football 6
• Washington Redskins (US) 6
• Basketball 6
• The Los Angeles Lakers (US) 6
• Ice Hockey 6
• Soccer 6
• Manchester United (UK) 6
• Rugby 7
• Leading Sports Promoters and Agents 7
• IMG 7
• SFX Sports Group 7
• Octagon 7

2. MARKET TRENDS 7

• Taking Ownership 8
• Sports Sponsorship Industry: Recession Impacts 8
• Impact of Slowdown on US' Sports Industry 8
• Sports Sponsorship: Brand Building Tool in the UK 9
• Sports Events: Growth Drivers for Tourism Industry in the Middle East 9
• Major Event and Grass-Root Sponsorships to Experience Strong Growth in the UK 9
• Sports Sponsorship Market Corners Bigger Slice 9

3. PRODUCT OVERVIEW 10

• Sports Clubs 10
• Organizational Functions of a Sports Club 10
• Multi-Sport Clubs Worldwide 11
• Major Active Multi-Sports Clubs 12
• Jugoslovensko Sportsko Druaštvo Partizan (Serbia) 12
• Associazione Sportiva Roma (Italy) 12
• Cardiff Athletic Club (Wales) 12
• Futbol Club Barcelona (Spain) 12
• Futebol Clube do Porto (Portugal) 13
• Olympiacos CFP (Greece) 13
• Panathinaikos Athlitikos Omilos (Greece) 13
• Societa Sportiva Lazio (Italy) 13
• Sport Lisboa e Benfica (Portugal) 13

4. PROFESSIONAL SPORTS:

• A HISTORIC REVIEW 14
• Sports Revenue 14
• Players Income 14
• Baseball 14
• National League 15
• American League 15
• Labor Organization 15
• Television: Source of Home Entertainment 15
• Owner-Player Relationship 16
• Free Agents 16
• Football 17
• National Football League 17
• NFL Union 17
• All-America Football Conference 17
• American Football League 17
• World Football League 17
• The United States Football League 18
• Free Agents 18
• Basketball 18
• National Basketball Association (NBL/NBA) 18
• American Basketball League (ABL) 18
• Basketball Association of America (BAA) 19
• NBL Vs BAA 19
• Contemporary Basketball 19
• NBA Players Association (NBAPA) 19
• American Basketball Association (ABA) 19
• Free Agents 19
• Salary Restriction 19
• Hockey 20
• National Hockey Association (NHA/NHL) 20
• Pacific Coast League (PCL) 20
• National Hockey League Players Association (NHLPA) 20

5. PRODUCT LAUNCHES 20

6. MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS 24

7. STRATEGIC CORPORATE DEVELOPMENTS 29

A REGIONAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE

1. NORTH AMERICA 34

• OUTLOOK 34
• 1a. THE UNITED STATES 35
• Market Overview 35
• Background 35
• Prominent Professional Sports Groups 35
• Major League Baseball (MLB) 35
• Table 1: Sports Sponsorship Market in the US (2007): Percentage Breakdown of Sales based on MLB Licensed Merchandise by Teams - Yankees, Red Sox, Cubs, Cardinals, Dodgers, and Others 36
• National Football League (NFL) 36
• National Basketball Association (NBA) 36
• National Hockey League (NHL) 36
• Competition 36
• Table 2: Sports Sponsorship in the US (2006): Percentage Breakdown of Sales by Corporate Sponsorship - Sports, Entertainment, Causes, Events, Associations, and Others 37

2. EUROPE 37

• Market Overview 37
• Football Sponsoring 37
• Competitive Scenario 38
• Table 3: Leading Football Clubs in Europe (2007-2008): Average Attendance for Real Madrid, Manchester United, Borussia Dortmund, Bayern Munich, Barcelona, Schalke 04, Arsenal, Celtic, AC Milan, and Hamburg SV 38
• Table 4: Leading Football Clubs in Europe (2005-2006): Turnover in £ Million for Real Madrid, Barcelona, Juventus, Manchester United, AC Milan, Chelsea, Internazionale, Bayern Munich, Arsenal, and Liverpool 38
• Table 5: Leading Football Clubs in the Benelux Region (2007-2008): Average Attendance for Ajax, Feyenoord, PSV Eindhoven, Club Brugge, Standard Liege, SC Heerenveen, RSC Anderlecht, KRC Genk, FC Utrecht, and Vitesse Arnhem 39
• Table 6: Leading Football Clubs in Nordic Region including Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark (2007-2008): Average Attendance for FC Copenhagen, Rosenborg BK, SK Brann, Brondby IF, AIK, Viking FK, Valerenga, Fredrikstad FK, Malmo FF, and Hammarby IF 40
• Table 7: Leading Football Clubs in France (2007-2008): Average Attendance for Olympique Marseille, Olympique Lyonnais, Paris Saint Germain, RC Lens, AS Saint-Etienne, Stade Rennais, Girondins de Bordeaux, FC Nantes Atlantiques, Toulouse, and SM Caen 40
• Table 8: Leading Football Clubs in Italy (2007-2008): Average Attendance for AC Milan, FC Internazionale, SS Calcio Napoli, AS Roma, Fiorentina, US Palermo, Genoa C & FC 1893, UC Sampdoria, SS Lazio, and Juventus 41
• Table 9: Leading Football Clubs in Spain (2007-2008): Average Attendance for Real Madrid, Barcelona, Atletico de Madrid, Valencia, Sevilla, Real Betis, Athletic Bilbao,
• Real Zaragoza, Real Murcia, and RCD Espanol 41
• Table 10: Leading Football Clubs in Poland (2007-2008): Average Attendance for Lech Poznan, Wisla Krakow, Gornik Zabrze, Korona Kielce, and Ruch Chorzow 42
• Table 11: Leading Football Clubs in Portugal (2007-2008): Average Attendance for FC Porto, SL Benfica, Sporting CP, Vitoria Guimares, and Sporting Braga 42
• Table 12: Leading Football Clubs in Scotland (2007-08 & 2008-09): Average Attendance for Celtic, Rangers, Heart of Midlothian, Aberdeen, Hibernian, Dundee United, Falkirk, Kilmarnock, Motherwell, and Saint Mirren 43

2a. GERMANY 44

• Table 13: Leading Football Clubs in Germany (2007-2008): Average Attendance for Borussia Dortmund, Bayern Munich, Schalke 04, Hamburg SV, VfB Stuttgart, Eintracht Frankfurt, Hertha BSC, FC Koln, FC Nurnberg, and Borussia Munchengladbach 44
• Table 14: Sports Clubs Market in Germany (2006): Percentage Breakdown of Clubs by Number of Members - 0-100, 101-300, 301-1000, and Above 1000 44
• Table 15: Sports Clubs Market in Germany (2006): Percentage Breakdown of Clubs by Number of Divisions - 1, 2-5, and Above 5 45
• Table 16: Sports Clubs Market in Germany (2006): Percentage Breakdown of Clubs by Income Component - Membership Fee, Commercial Income, Subsidies, Grants, Credit, and Others 45

2b. THE UNITED KINGDOM 46

• Sports Industry Outlook 46
• Sports Sponsorship Industry 46
• Growth Drivers 46
• Table 17: Leading Football Clubs in England (2008-2009): Average Attendance for Manchester United, Arsenal, Newcastle United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Chelsea, Sunderland, Aston Villa, Tottenham Hotspur, and Everton 47
• Table 18: Leading Football Clubs in England (2008-2009): Average attendance for Derby County, Sheffield United, Norwich City, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Nottingham Forest, and Sheffield Wednesday 48
• English Premier League Clubs (2006-2007): Shirt Sponsors for West Ham United, Wigan Athletic, Blackburn Rovers, Birming am City, Chelsea, Sunderland, Bolton Wanderers, Fulham, Portsmouth, Middlesbrough, Arsenal, West Brom Albion, Manchester City, Everton, Liverpool, Aston Villa, Charlton Athletic, Manchester United, Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, and Watford 48
• Table 19: Leading Football Clubs in England (2005-2006): Turnover in £ Million for Arsenal F.C. Plc, Chelsea Football Club Ltd., Liverpool Football Club and Athletic Grounds Plc, Manchester United FC Ltd., Newcastle United Football Company Ltd., Tottenham Hotspur Plc, Manchester City Football Club Plc, Everton F.C. Co. Ltd., West Ham United F.C. Plc, and Aston Villa Plc 49
• Leading Team Sports 50
• Football 50
• Cricket 50
• Rugby Football 50
• Rugby League 50

3. ASIA 51

3a. SINGAPORE 51

GLOBAL DIRECTORY