Nuclear Power Market

Table of Contents

1. MARKET OVERVIEW 1

• Nuclear Power in India - An Overview 1
• Growth of Nuclear Power Industry in India 1
• India - One of the Fastest Growing Markets for Nuclear Energy 2
• Nuclear Power Prospects in India 2
• Table 1: Percentage Share Contribution of Nuclear Energy to Total Electricity Generation in Select Countries (2006-2008) 3
• Business Opportunities for Nuclear Power in India 3
• Energy Security and Nuclear Power Policy 3
• Energy Security in the Indian Context 3
• Table 2: Percentage Share of Annual Electricity Generation Potential by Energy Source 4
• Indian Nuclear Power Policy 4
• The Three-Stage Nuclear Power Program 5
• India - Only Country Active in All Three Fuels 5
• Stage 1 5
• Stage 2 6
• Stage 3 6
• Nuclear Power Plants in India 7
• Active and Planned Capacities for Nuclear Power in India 7
• Kaiga Atomic Power Station 7
• Kakrapar Atomic Power Station 7
• Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant 8
• Madras Atomic Power Station 8
• Rajasthan Atomic Power Station 8
• Tarapur Atomic Power Station 9
• Narora Atomic Power Station 9
• Legislative Measures for Safety and Regulation in India 9
• Research in Nuclear Reactors 9
• Uranium Mining in India 10
• Uranium Processing 10
• Thorium Cycle 10
• US-India Nuclear Deal 10
• Separation of Military and Civilian Nuclear Programs 11
• IAEA Safeguards for Civilian Nuclear Establishments 11
• Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Technology 11
• Economic Elements Behind US-India Nuclear Deal 11
• Interests of the US Economy in Indian Nuclear Market 12

2. TRENDS IN INDIAN NUCLEAR POWER MARKET 12

• Uranium Shortage Dents India' s Nuclear Power Dreams 12
• India to Foray into the Global Nuclear Reactors Market 12
• Engineering Companies to Benefit from NSG Waiver 13
• NSG Waiver to Open Up Nuclear Energy Market 13

3. NUCLEAR POWER - A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE 14

• Impact of the Global Economic Recession on Nuclear Power Industry 14
• Current Scenario: A Review 15
• Amidst Controversies Nuclear Power Makes a Comeback to the Fore 15
• Nuclear Energy: A Growing Need for Both Developed and Emerging Economies 15
• Global Nuclear Power Generation Dips In 2007 16
• Global Nuclear Power Generation to Cross 3750 billion kWh by 2030 16
• US Remains a Major Contributor in the Industry 16
• Despite Growth in Generation, Nuclear Power Share in Global Electricity Declines 17
• Growth Drivers in a Capsule 17
• Rapid Growth in Electricity Demand 17
• High Crude Oil Prices Stimulate Growth of Nuclear Power 17
• Government Support Encourages Adoption of Nuclear Power 17
• Experience Gain and Rise in Average Load Factor of Nuclear Reactors 18
• Plant Life Extensions Breathe Life into the Industry 18
• Expansion in Asia and Issues Over Energy Supply Security Drive Nuclear Power 18
• Financial Incentives Motivate Nations to Increase Nuclear Power Production 18
• Challenges in Store 19
• High Safety Risk Associated with Nuclear Power 19
• Mishaps Remain Cause of Concern For Nuclear Power Industry 19
• High Investment 19
• Economic Risks of Nuclear Power 19
• Environmental Issues with Storage and Management of Spent Fuel 19
• Non-Proliferation Issues 20
• Supply of Technical Man-Power 20
• Public & Political Acceptance 20
• Present Nuclear Power Capacity & Proposed Additions 20
• World Nuclear Power Capacity - 2008 20
• Table 3: World Nuclear Power Capacity (2008): Break-Up of Units and Capacity of Operating Nuclear Power Reactors by Country/Region 21
• Operating Nuclear Power Reactors - By Type 22
• Table 4: World Nuclear Power Capacity (2008): Break-Up of Units and Capacity of Operating Nuclear Power Reactors by Reactor Type 22
• Nuclear Power Reactors Under Construction - 2008 22
• Table 5: World Nuclear Power Capacity (2008): Break-Up of Units and Capacity of Under Construction Nuclear Power Reactors by Country 23
• Table 6: World Nuclear Power Capacity (2008): Break-Up of Units and Capacity of Under Construction Nuclear Power Reactors by Reactor Type 24
• Planned Nuclear Power Reactors 25
• Table 7: World Nuclear Power Capacity (2008): Break-Up of Units and Capacity of Planned Nuclear Power Reactors by Region/Country 25
• Proposed Nuclear Power Reactors 26
• Table 8: World Nuclear Power Capacity (2008): Break-Up of Units and Capacity of Proposed Nuclear Power Reactors by Region/Country 26
• Outlook 27
• Regulations: An Overview 27
• Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) 27
• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 28
• Mined Uranium Continues to be the Major Source of Fuel Supply 29
• Table 9: Global Uranium Market (2006): Percentage Breakdown of Uranium Supply by Source for Primary Sources (Mines) and Secondary Sources (Stocked Inventories, Dismantled Warheads, Depleted Uranium Tails and Reprocessed Spent Fuel) 29
• Production of Uranium 30
• Table 10: Global Uranium Production (1970-2005) from Mines (Million lbs of U3O8) 30
• Canada Leads in Global Mine Production 30
• Table 11: Global Uranium Mine Production (2006): Percentage Breakdown of Uranium Mine Production for Canada, Australia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Others 30
• Table 12: Global Leading Producers of Uranium (2006): Percentage Breakdown of Production by Companies for Cameco, Cogema, ERA, Rossing, KazAtomProm, BHP Billiton and Others 30
• Rising Uranium Prices 31
• An Overview of Uranium Pricing 31
• Table 13: Global Spot Prices of Uranium (1970-2005) in US$ per pound of U3O8 32
• Table 14: Global Spot Prices of Uranium (2005-2007) in US$ per pound of U3O8 32
• Miners Gain Upper Hand 32
• Concerns over Global Warming to Drive Demand for Nuclear Energy 32
• Energy Security to Drive Nuclear Power Market 33

4. STRUCTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN INDIA 33

• DAE - The Nodal Body for Nuclear Power in India 33
• Atomic Energy Commission of India 34
• Research Bodies Under DAE 34
• Bhabha Atomic Research Center 34
• Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research 35
• A Leading Publisher of Papers Worldwide 35
• Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology 35
• Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploitation and Research 36
• Industrial Units Under DAE 36
• Heavy Water Board 36
• Nuclear Fuel Complex 36
• Facilities in the Nuclear Fuel Complex 37
• Board of Radiation & Isotope Technology 37
• Public Sector Undertakings Under DAE 37
• Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited 37
• Global Recognition Mirrors Superior Capabilities of NPCIL 38
• Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited 39
• Uranium Corporation of India Ltd. 39
• Indian Rare Earths Ltd. 39
• Electronics Corporation of India Ltd. 40

5. PRODUCT OVERVIEW 40

• Defining Nuclear Power 40
• Historical Development of Nuclear Power 40
• Early Development of Nuclear Reactors 40
• The Progress Phase 41
• Present Usage of Nuclear Power 41
• Nuclear Power - A Key Aspect of Future of Power Generation 41
• Alternatives for Nuclear Fission Energy 42
• Fossil Fuels 42
• Oil 42
• Coal 42
• Natural Gas 43
• Nuclear Fusion 43
• Solar 43
• Solar Thermal 43
• Solar PhotoVoltaics 43
• Wind 43
• Biomass 44
• Geothermal Energy 44
• Enhanced Geothermal Energy 44
• Hydrogen 44
• Advantages of Nuclear energy 44
• Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy 45
• Lifecycle of Nuclear Power Generation 45
• Fission Material 45
• Uranium - The Conventional Fuel for Nuclear Power Generation 45
• Uranium-235 (235U) 45
• Uranium-233 (233U) 45
• Plutonim-239 (239Pu) 45
• Consumption and Reserves of Uranium On the Rise 46
• Table 15: Worldwide Uranium Reserves by Type (2003 & 2005): Assured Reserves and Additional Reserves 46
• Cost of Uranium Extraction 46
• Economic Use of Uranium 46
• Recycling Power Plant Steam 47
• Production of Nuclear Power 47
• Mechanism Underlying Nuclear Power Production 47
• Nuclear Reactor 48
• Types of Nuclear Reactors 48
• Pressurized Water Reactors 48
• Heavy Water Reactors 48
• High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors 48
• Boiling Water Reactors 48
• Advanced Nuclear Reactors 48
• Uranium Fast Breeder Reactors 48
• Thorium Breeder Reactors 49
• Fourth Generation Reactors 49
• Second, Third and Fourth Generation Reactors: A Comparison 49
• Advantages of New Generation Nuclear Reactors 49
• Safety Issues - At the Forefront of Nuclear Reactor Design 50
• Radioactivity Control 50
• Core Cooling Maintenance 50
• Maintaining Barriers to Prevent Radiation Release 50
• Development Costs of Nuclear Reactors 50
• Nuclear Waste and Emissions 50
• Table 16: Major Isotopes and Half Life Periods 51
• Disposal of Nuclear Waste 51
• Reprocessing of Nuclear Waste 52
• Outline of Nuclear Waste Disposal Methods 52
• Cooling in Supervised Pools 52
• Reprocessing Radioactive Waste 52
• Disposal of Remaining Waste 52
• Solidifying Nuclear Waste 52
• Multibarrier System 52
• Cost Incurred on Waste Disposal and Decommissioning 52
• Radiation and Effect on Human Life 53
• Cosmic Radiation 53
• Terrestrial Radiation 53
• Internal Radionuclides 53
• Apoptosis 53
• Cancer 53
• Skin Burns 53
• Genetic Changes 53
• Research and Development in Nuclear Power 53

6. RECENT INDUSTRY ACTIVITY 54

• India Plans to Set Up Four Additional Nuclear Reactors in Kudankulam 54
• GEH Reaches Agreements with NPCIL and BHEL 54
• NPCIL, NTPC Sign MoU to Set Up JV 54
• NPCIL, Areva Sign MoU 54
• NPCIL, KAZATOMPROM Sign MoU 54
• India to Sign Nuclear Cooperation Agreements With France, Russia 54
• Andhra Pradesh to Establish New Nuclear Power Plants 55
• India, Canada to Sign Nuclear Agreement 55
• Japanese Companies Eye Indian N-power Sector 55
• India, Belgium Sign Nuclear Agreement 55
• CCCL Eyes Nuclear Power Generation 55
• Adani Group Plans to Enter Nuclear Power Sector 55
• Indo-US Nuke Deal Obtains Clearance from House of Representatives 56
• Hinduja Eyes Indian Nuclear Power Sector 56
• JSPL to Foray into Nuclear Power Sector 56
• ONGC to Venture into N-Power Generation 56
• NTPC to Increase Planned Nuclear Power Capacity 56
• SJVN to Form Joint Venture with NPCIL 56
• GMR Energy to Construct Nuclear Power Plant 56
• GVK Power & Infrastructure and NPCIL to Purchase Reactors 57
• NPCIL to Build Nuclear Reactors in Association with France and Russia 57
• BHEL and GMR to Import Overseas Technologies for Nuclear Power 57
• Siemens to Supply Nuclear Turbines to India 57
• BHEL-Bhopal to Venture into High-Capacity Turbine Manufacture 57
• NPCIL to Source Reactors from Foreign Manufacturers 57
• Reliance Infrastructure to Enter Nuclear Power Generation 57
• Areva to Enter Indian Nuclear Power Segment 58
• BHEL to Foray into Manufacture of Nuclear Components 58
• NTPC to Establish a Nuclear Power Project 58
• Avasarala Technologies Enters Nuclear Component Market 58
• Alstom and Bharat Forge to Form Joint Venture 58
• BHEL-Ramachandrapuram to Invest in Capacity Expansion 59
• GMR Group to Venture into Nuclear Power 59
• Haryana Government to Establish Nuclear Power Plant 59
• BHAVINI Commences Construction of Fast Breeder Reactor 59
• Federal Atomic Energy Agency Signs Deal with NPCIL 59
• NPCIL to Introduce Fresh Wave of Investments in Nuclear Program 59
• India, South Africa and Brazil Agree on Joint Collaboration 59
• Larsen and Toubro to Foray into Nuclear Power Sector 60
• TAPS-3 Achieves Full Operation Level 60
• Kaiga-3 Begins Commercial Operations 60
• NPCIL to Establish New Atomic Power Plant in Maharashtra 60
• Korea Electric Power Corporation to Establish Joint Venture 60
• Government Approves Establishment of Nuclear Power Plants in Rajasthan 60
• Russian FAE Signs MoI with DAE 61
• Government of India to Establish Coastal Nuclear Power Stations 61
• Government of Uttaranchal to Establish Nuclear Power Plant 61
• GE to Establish Nuclear Power Plants in India 61
• AP Genco Teams Up with NPCIL for Nuclear Power Plant 61
• Cala Casa Sl to Establish Nuclear Power Plant in Orissa 61
• TAPS-3 Begins Commercial Operations 62

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