Municipal Water Reuse Markets 2010

Table of Contents

Foreword

Executive summary

Overview

1. Introduction to water reuse

• 1.1 What is water reuse?
• 1.2 Terminology used in this report
• 1.3 Constituents in untreated municipal wastewater
• 1.4 Secondary treatment technologies
  • 1.4.1 Non membrane processes
    • 1.4.1.1 Suspended growth
      • Activated sludge
    • 1.4.1.2 Attached growth
      • Trickling filters
      • Rotating ciological contractors
    • 1.4.1.3 Hybrid process
    • 1.4.1.4 Lagoons
      • Waste stabilization pond
    • 1.4.1.5 Nutrient removal in secondary non-membrane processes
  • 1.4.2 Membrane processes
    • 1.4.2.1 Comparison of membrane and non-membrane systems for secondary wastewater treatment
• 1.5 Tertiary treatment technologies
  • 1.5.1 Depth filtration
  • 1.5.2 Surface filtration
  • 1.5.3 Membrane filtration
  • 1.5.4 Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF)
  • 1.5.5 Dissolved air flotation (DAF)
• 1.6 Advanced treatment
  • 1.6.1 Technologies used for the removal of dissolved solids
  • 1.6.1.1 Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO)
  • 1.6.1.2 Electrodialysis
  • 1.6.2 Technologies used for the removal of trace constituents
• 1.7 Mass transfer separation processes
  • 1.7.1 Adsorption
  • 1.7.2 Ion exchange
  • 1.7.3 Distillation
    • 1.7.3.1 Multiple-effect evaporation (MEE)
    • 1.7.3.2 Multistage flush evaporation (MFE)
    • 1.7.3.3 Vapor compression distillation
• 1.8 Chemical and biological transformation and destruction processes
  • 1.8.1 Chemical oxidation
    • 1.8.1.1 Conventional chemical oxidation
    • 1.8.1.2 Advanced oxidation process (AOP)
  • 1.8.2 Photolysis
  • 1.8.3 Advanced biological transformations
    • 1.8.3.1 Biological activated carbon
    • 1.8.3.2 Membrane biofilm reactor
• 1.9 Disinfection technologies
  • 1.9.1 Chlorine and related compounds
  • 1.9.2 Ozone
  • 1.9.3 Ultaviolet (UV) radiation
• 1.10 Issues in the selection of technologies for water reuse
• 1.11 Scale of water reuse facilities
  • 1.11.1 Centralised treatment facilities
  • 1.11.2 Satellite treatment facilities
  • 1.11.3 Decentralised treatment facilities
• 1.12 Historical and future trends in water reuse

2. The economics of water reuse

• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Framework
• 2.3 Benefits
• 2.4 Cost
• 2.5 Price sensitivity analysis
• 2.6 Financing water reuse
  • 2.6.1 Developed countries
  • 2.6.2 Developing countries

3. Global Reuse Markets Forecast

• 3.1 Framework
• 3.2 Global capacity forecast
• 3.3 Global capital expenditure forecast
• 3.4 Global operating expenditure forecast

The Americas

4. Mexico

• 4.1 Key indicators
  • 4.1.1 General
  • 4.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 4.2 Introduction
• 4.3 Overview of challenges
• 4.4 Government' s water strategy
• 4.5 Water sector structure
  • 4.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 4.5.2 Water financing environment
• 4.6 The economics of water
  • 4.6.1 Water supply
  • 4.6.2 Water demand
  • 4.6.3 Price of water
• 4.7 Developments in water reuse
• 4.8 Water reuse technologies
• 4.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 4.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 4.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 4.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 4.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 4.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 4.12 Mexico water reuse market forecast
  • 4.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 4.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 4.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 4.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 4.13.1 Case study 1
  • 4.13.2 Case study 2
  • 4.13.3 Case study 3

5. United States of America

• 5.1 Key indicators
  • 5.1.1 General
  • 5.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 5.2 Introduction
• 5.3 Overview of challenges
• 5.4 Government' s water strategy
• 5.5 Water sector structure
  • 5.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 5.5.2 Water financing environment
• 5.6 The economics of water
  • 5.6.1 Water supply
  • 5.6.2 Water demand
  • 5.6.3 Price of water
• 5.7 Developments in water reuse
• 5.8 Water reuse technologies
• 5.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 5.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 5.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 5.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 5.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 5.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 5.12 USA water reuse market forecast
  • 5.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 5.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 5.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 5.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 5.13.1 Case study 1
  • 5.13.2 Case study 2
  • 5.13.3 Case study 3

Europe

6. Cyprus

• 6.1 Key indicators
  • 6.1.1 General
  • 6.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 6.2 Introduction
• 6.3 Overview of challenges
• 6.4 Government' s water strategy
• 6.5 Water sector structure
  • 6.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 6.5.2 Water financing environment
• 6.6 The economics of water
  • 6.6.1 Water supply
  • 6.6.2 Water demand
  • 6.6.3 Price of water
• 6.7 Developments in water reuse
• 6.8 Water reuse technologies
• 6.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 6.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 6.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 6.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 6.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 6.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 6.12 Cyprus water reuse market forecast
  • 6.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 6.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 6.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 6.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 6.13.1 Case study 1
  • 6.13.2 Case study 2
  • 6.13.3 Case study 3

7. Greece

• 7.1 Key indicators
  • 7.1.1 General
  • 7.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 7.2 Introduction
• 7.3 Overview of challenges
• 7.4 Government' s water strategy
• 7.5 Water sector structure
  • 7.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 7.5.2 Water financing environment
• 7.6 The economics of water
  • 7.6.1 Water supply
  • 7.6.2 Water demand
  • 7.6.3 Price of water
• 7.7 Developments in water reuse
• 7.8 Water reuse technologies
• 7.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 7.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 7.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 7.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 7.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 7.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 7.12 Greece water reuse market forecast
  • 7.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 7.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 7.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 7.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 7.13.1 Case study 1
  • 7.13.2 Case study 2
  • 7.13.3 Case study 3

8. Italy

• 8.1 Key indicators
  • 8.1.1 General
  • 8.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 8.2 Introduction
• 8.3 Overview of challenges
• 8.4 Government' s water strategy
• 8.5 Water sector structure
  • 8.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 8.5.2 Water financing environment
• 8.6 The economics of water
  • 8.6.1 Water supply
  • 8.6.2 Water demand
  • 8.6.3 Price of water
• 8.7 Developments in water reuse
• 8.8 Water reuse technologies
• 8.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 8.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 8.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 8.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 8.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 8.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 8.12 Italy water reuse market forecast
  • 8.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 8.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 8.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 8.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 8.13.1 Case study 1
  • 8.13.2 Case study 2
  • 8.13.3 Case study 3

9. Spain

• 9.1 Key indicators
  • 9.1.1 General
  • 9.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 9.2 Introduction
• 9.3 Overview of challenges
• 9.4 Government' s water strategy
• 9.5 Water sector structure
  • 9.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 9.5.2 Water financing environment
• 9.6 The economics of water
  • 9.6.1 Water supply
  • 9.6.2 Water demand
  • 9.6.3 Price of water
• 9.7 Developments in water reuse
• 9.8 Water reuse technologies
• 9.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 9.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 9.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 9.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 9.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 9.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 9.12 Spain water reuse market forecast
  • 9.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 9.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 9.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 9.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 9.13.1 Case study 1
  • 9.13.2 Case study 2
  • 9.13.3 Case study 3

The Middle East and Africa

10. Algeria

• 10.1 Key indicators
  • 10.1.1 General
  • 10.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 10.2 Introduction
• 10.3 Overview of challenges
• 10.4 Government' s water strategy
• 10.5 Water sector structure
  • 10.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 10.5.2 Water financing environment
• 10.6 The economics of water
  • 10.6.1 Water supply
  • 10.6.2 Water demand
  • 10.6.3 Price of water
• 10.7 Developments in water reuse
• 10.8 Water reuse technologies
• 10.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 10.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 10.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 10.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 10.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 10.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 10.12 Algeria water reuse market forecast
  • 10.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 10.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 10.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 10.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 10.13.1 Case study 1
  • 10.13.2 Case study 2
  • 10.13.3 Case study 3

11. Egypt

• 11.1 Key indicators
  • 11.1.1 General
  • 11.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 11.2 Introduction
• 11.3 Overview of challenges
• 11.4 Government' s water strategy
• 11.5 Water sector structure
  • 11.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 11.5.2 Water financing environment
• 11.6 The economics of water
  • 11.6.1 Water supply
  • 11.6.2 Water demand
  • 11.6.3 Price of water
• 11.7 Developments in water reuse
• 11.8 Water reuse technologies
• 11.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 11.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 11.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 11.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 11.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 11.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 11.12 Egypt water reuse market forecast
  • 11.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 11.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 11.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 11.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 11.13.1 Case study 1
  • 11.13.2 Case study 2
  • 11.13.3 Case study 3

12. Israel

• 12.1 Key indicators
  • 12.1.1 General
  • 12.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 12.2 Introduction
• 12.3 Overview of challenges
• 12.4 Government' s water strategy
• 12.5 Water sector structure
  • 12.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 12.5.2 Water financing environment
• 12.6 The economics of water
  • 12.6.1 Water supply
  • 12.6.2 Water demand
  • 12.6.3 Price of water
• 12.7 Developments in water reuse
• 12.8 Water reuse technologies
• 12.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 12.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 12.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 12.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 12.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 12.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 12.12 Israel water reuse market forecast
  • 12.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 12.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 12.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 12.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 12.13.1 Case study 1
  • 12.13.2 Case study 2
  • 12.13.3 Case study 3

13. Kuwait

• 13.1 Key indicators
  • 13.1.1 General
  • 13.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 13.2 Introduction
• 13.3 Overview of challenges
• 13.4 Government' s water strategy
• 13.5 Water sector structure
  • 13.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 13.5.2 Water financing environment
• 13.6 The economics of water
  • 13.6.1 Water supply
  • 13.6.2 Water demand
  • 13.6.3 Price of water
• 13.7 Developments in water reuse
• 13.8 Water reuse technologies
• 13.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 13.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 13.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 13.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 13.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 13.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 13.12 Kuwait water reuse market forecast
  • 13.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 13.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 13.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 13.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 13.13.1 Case study 1
  • 13.13.2 Case study 2
  • 13.13.3 Case study 3

14. Morocco

• 14.1 Key indicators
  • 14.1.1 General
  • 14.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 14.2 Introduction
• 14.3 Overview of challenges
• 14.4 Government' s water strategy
• 14.5 Water sector structure
  • 14.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 14.5.2 Water financing environment
• 14.6 The economics of water
  • 14.6.1 Water supply
  • 14.6.2 Water demand
  • 14.6.3 Price of water
• 14.7 Developments in water reuse
• 14.8 Water reuse technologies
• 14.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 14.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 14.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 14.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 14.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 14.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 14.12 Morocco water reuse market forecast
  • 14.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 14.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 14.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 14.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 14.13.1 Case study 1
  • 14.13.2 Case study 2
  • 14.13.3 Case study 3

15. Namibia

• 15.1 Key indicators
  • 15.1.1 General
  • 15.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 15.2 Introduction
• 15.3 Overview of challenges
• 15.4 Government' s water strategy
• 15.5 Water sector structure
  • 15.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 15.5.2 Water financing environment
• 15.6 The economics of water
  • 15.6.1 Water supply
  • 15.6.2 Water demand
  • 15.6.3 Price of water
• 15.7 Developments in water reuse
• 15.8 Water reuse technologies
• 15.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 15.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 15.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 15.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 15.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 15.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 15.12 Namibia water reuse market forecast
  • 15.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 15.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 15.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 15.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 15.13.1 Case study 1
  • 15.13.2 Case study 2
  • 15.13.3 Case study 3

16. Oman

• 16.1 Key indicators
  • 16.1.1 General
  • 16.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 16.2 Introduction
• 16.3 Overview of challenges
• 16.4 Government' s water strategy
• 16.5 Water sector structure
  • 16.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 16.5.2 Water financing environment
• 16.6 The economics of water
  • 16.6.1 Water supply
  • 16.6.2 Water demand
  • 16.6.3 Price of water
• 16.7 Developments in water reuse
• 16.8 Water reuse technologies
• 16.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 16.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 16.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 16.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 16.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 16.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 16.12 Oman water reuse market forecast
  • 16.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 16.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 16.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 16.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 16.13.1 Case study 1
  • 16.13.2 Case study 2
  • 16.13.3 Case study 3

17. Saudi Arabia

• 17.1 Key indicators
  • 17.1.1 General
  • 17.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 17.2 Introduction
• 17.3 Overview of challenges
• 17.4 Government' s water strategy
• 17.5 Water sector structure
  • 17.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 17.5.2 Water financing environment
• 17.6 The economics of water
  • 17.6.1 Water supply
  • 17.6.2 Water demand
  • 17.6.3 Price of water
• 17.7 Developments in water reuse
• 17.8 Water reuse technologies
• 17.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 17.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 17.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 17.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 17.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 17.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 17.12 Saudi Arabia water reuse market forecast
  • 17.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 17.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 17.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 17.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 17.13.1 Case study 1
  • 17.13.2 Case study 2
  • 17.13.3 Case study 3

18. Syria

• 18.1 Key indicators
  • 18.1.1 General
  • 18.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 18.2 Introduction
• 18.3 Overview of challenges
• 18.4 Government' s water strategy
• 18.5 Water sector structure
  • 18.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 18.5.2 Water financing environment
• 18.6 The economics of water
  • 18.6.1 Water supply
  • 18.6.2 Water demand
  • 18.6.3 Price of water
• 18.7 Developments in water reuse
• 18.8 Water reuse technologies
• 18.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 18.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 18.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 18.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 18.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 18.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 18.12 Syria water reuse market forecast
  • 18.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 18.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 18.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 18.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 18.13.1 Case study 1
  • 18.13.2 Case study 2
  • 18.13.3 Case study 3

19. Tunisia

• 19.1 Key indicators
  • 19.1.1 General
  • 19.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 19.2 Introduction
• 19.3 Overview of challenges
• 19.4 Government' s water strategy
• 19.5 Water sector structure
  • 19.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 19.5.2 Water financing environment
• 19.6 The economics of water
  • 19.6.1 Water supply
  • 19.6.2 Water demand
  • 19.6.3 Price of water
• 19.7 Developments in water reuse
• 19.8 Water reuse technologies
• 19.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 19.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 19.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 19.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 19.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 19.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 19.12 Tunisia water reuse market forecast
  • 19.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 19.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 19.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 19.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 19.13.1 Case study 1
  • 19.13.2 Case study 2
  • 19.13.3 Case study 3

20. United Arab Emirates

• 20.1 Key indicators
  • 20.1.1 General
  • 20.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 20.2 Introduction
• 20.3 Overview of challenges
• 20.4 Government' s water strategy
• 20.5 Water sector structure
  • 20.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 20.5.2 Water financing environment
• 20.6 The economics of water
  • 20.6.1 Water supply
  • 20.6.2 Water demand
  • 20.6.3 Price of water
• 20.7 Developments in water reuse
• 20.8 Water reuse technologies
• 20.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 20.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 20.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 20.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 20.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 20.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 20.12 UAE water reuse market forecast
  • 20.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 20.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 20.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 20.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 20.13.1 Case study 1
  • 20.13.2 Case study 2
  • 20.13.3 Case study 3

21. Qatar

• 21.1 Key indicators
  • 21.1.1 General
  • 21.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 21.2 Introduction
• 21.3 Overview of challenges
• 21.4 Government' s water strategy
• 21.5 Water sector structure
  • 21.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 21.5.2 Water financing environment
• 21.6 The economics of water
  • 21.6.1 Water supply
  • 21.6.2 Water demand
  • 21.6.3 Price of water
• 21.7 Developments in water reuse
• 21.8 Water reuse technologies
• 21.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 21.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 21.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 21.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 21.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 21.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 21.12 Qatar water reuse market forecast
  • 21.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 21.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 21.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 21.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 21.13.1 Case study 1
  • 21.13.2 Case study 2
  • 21.13.3 Case study 3

Asia and Oceania

22. Australia

• 22.1 Key indicators
  • 22.1.1 General
  • 22.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 22.2 Introduction
• 22.3 Overview of challenges
• 22.4 Government' s water strategy
• 22.5 Water sector structure
  • 22.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 22.5.2 Water financing environment
• 22.6 The economics of water
  • 22.6.1 Water supply
  • 22.6.2 Water demand
  • 22.6.3 Price of water
• 22.7 Developments in water reuse
• 22.8 Water reuse technologies
• 22.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 22.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 22.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 22.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 22.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 22.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 22.12 Australia water reuse market forecast
  • 22.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 22.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 22.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 22.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 22.13.1 Case study 1
  • 22.13.2 Case study 2
  • 22.13.3 Case study 3

23. China

• 23.1 Key indicators
  • 23.1.1 General
  • 23.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 23.2 Introduction
• 23.3 Overview of challenges
• 23.4 Government' s water strategy
• 23.5 Water sector structure
  • 23.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 23.5.2 Water financing environment
• 23.6 The economics of water
  • 23.6.1 Water supply
  • 23.6.2 Water demand
  • 23.6.3 Price of water
• 23.7 Developments in water reuse
• 23.8 Water reuse technologies
• 23.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 23.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 23.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 23.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 23.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 23.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 23.12 China water reuse market forecast
  • 23.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 23.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 23.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 23.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 23.13.1 Case study 1
  • 23.13.2 Case study 2
  • 23.13.3 Case study 3

24. India

• 24.1 Key indicators
  • 24.1.1 General
  • 24.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 24.2 Introduction
• 24.3 Overview of challenges
• 24.4 Government' s water strategy
• 24.5 Water sector structure
  • 24.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 24.5.2 Water financing environment
• 24.6 The economics of water
  • 24.6.1 Water supply
  • 24.6.2 Water demand
  • 24.6.3 Price of water
• 24.7 Developments in water reuse
• 24.8 Water reuse technologies
• 24.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 24.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 24.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 24.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 24.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 24.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 24.12 India water reuse market forecast
  • 24.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 24.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 24.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 24.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 24.13.1 Case study 1
  • 24.13.2 Case study 2
  • 24.13.3 Case study 3

25. Japan

• 25.1 Key indicators
  • 25.1.1 General
  • 25.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 25.2 Introduction
• 25.3 Overview of challenges
• 25.4 Government' s water strategy
• 25.5 Water sector structure
  • 25.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 25.5.2 Water financing environment
• 25.6 The economics of water
  • 25.6.1 Water supply
  • 25.6.2 Water demand
  • 25.6.3 Price of water
• 25.7 Developments in water reuse
• 25.8 Water reuse technologies
• 25.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 25.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 25.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 25.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 25.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 25.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 25.12 Japan water reuse market forecast
  • 25.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 25.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 25.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 25.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 25.13.1 Case study 1
  • 25.13.2 Case study 2
  • 25.13.3 Case study 3

26. Singapore

• 26.1 Key indicators
  • 26.1.1 General
  • 26.1.2 Water resources and sources of demand
• 26.2 Introduction
• 26.3 Overview of challenges
• 26.4 Government' s water strategy
• 26.5 Water sector structure
  • 26.5.1 Water regulatory environment
  • 26.5.2 Water financing environment
• 26.6 The economics of water
  • 26.6.1 Water supply
  • 26.6.2 Water demand
  • 26.6.3 Price of water
• 26.7 Developments in water reuse
• 26.8 Water reuse technologies
• 26.9 The economics of water reuse
  • 26.9.1 Reclaimed water supply
  • 26.9.2 Reclaimed water demand
  • 26.9.3 Price of reclaimed water
• 26.10 Summary of water reuse facilities
• 26.11 Proposed water reuse projects and opportunities
• 26.12 Singapore water reuse market forecast
  • 26.12.1 Water reuse capacity forecast
  • 26.12.2 Water reuse capital expenditure forecast
  • 26.12.3 Water reuse operating expenditure forecast
• 26.13 Case studies in water reuse
  • 26.13.1 Case study 1
  • 26.13.2 Case study 2
  • 26.13.3 Case study 3

Appendix A: Methodology

• Selection criteria for countries
• Selection criteria for water reuse projects in inventory
• Selection criteria for water reuse projects in tracker
• Selection criteria for case studies
• Market forecasting methodology
  • Capacity
  • Cost

Appendix B: References