Report: Nuclear/Radiological Detection Portals - Product Comparison Report

Table of Contents

1. Scope

1.1. Coverage
1.2. Technologies
1.3. Market
1.4. Legislation

2. Nuclear -Radiological Detection Portals -Relevant Legislation and Regulation

2.1. International Legislation and Regulation
2.2. US Legislation and Regulation
2.3. EU Legislation and Regulation
2.4. Other Legislation and Regulation
2.5. Legal Liability Issues
2.6. Conclusions

3. Nuclear/Radiological Detection Portals - Core Technologies

3.1. Core Technologies - Introduction
- 3.1.1. The Nuclear / Radiological Threat Screening Process
3.2. Radiation Detection Portals - Detection/Performance Limitations
- 3.2.1. Natural Background Radiation
- 3.2.2. Radiation emanating from benign sources
- 3.2.3. HEU Detection Technologies
- 3.2.4. Weapon Grade Plutonium Detection Technologies
- 3.2.5. Detection of Radiation Dispersal Devices-(RDD) -Technologies
- 3.2.6. Technologies for Uninterrupted Traffic Flow
- 3.2.7. Data Links to Alarm Investigation / Mitigation Agencies
- 3.2.8. Sensitivity Limitations
- 3.2.9. Sensitivity Limitations
- 3.2.10. Shielded Sources
3.3. Radiation Detection Portal Description - By Technology and Application
3.4. Comparison of Current Nuclear / Radiological Portals Core Technologies
- 3.4.1. Geiger Counters
- 3.4.2. Plastic Scintillators
- 3.4.3. Nal (Ti), Csl(TI), BGO Scintillators
- 3.4.4. Nal (Tl), Csl (Ti), BGO Scintillators & Isotope I.D. (Multi cannel analyzer)
- 3.4.5. Proportional He3 Detectors
- 3.4.6. Glass Detectors-
- 3.4.7. Neutron Activation Plutonium & HEU Detection

4. PEDESTRIAN NUCLEAR -RADIOLOGICAL DETECTION PORTALS

4.1. Scope
4.2. Purpose of Pedestrian Nuke -Rad Detection Portals
4.3. Pedestrian Nuke -Rad Detection Portals -Principles of operation
4.4. Pedestrian Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - General Discussion
- 4.4.1. First-Generation People Screening Nuclear/Radiological Portals
- 4.4.2. Second Generation People Screening Nuclear/Radiological Portal with Isotope Identification
4.5. Pedestrian Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Available Systems - By Detection Technology
4.6. Pedestrian Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Economic Analysis
- 4.6.1. Cost of Equipment Ownership
- 4.6.2. Cost of Personnel / Year
- 4.6.3. Cost of Checkpoint / Year
- 4.6.4. Cost of Transaction
4.7. Pedestrian Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - State of Development
4.8. Pedestrian Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Standards and Guidelines
4.9. Pedestrian Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Purchasing Considerations
4.10. Pedestrian Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Product Comparison
- 4.10.1. Product Comparison Table Specifications Definition
- 4.10.2. Pedestrian Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Product Comparison Table
- 4.10.3. Pedestrian Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Product Pricing Comparison

5. VEHICLE NUCLEAR -RADIOLOGICAL DETECTION PORTALS

5.1. Scope
5.2. Purpose of Vehicle Nuke -Rad Detection Portals
5.3. Vehicle Nuke -Rad Detection Portals -Principles of operation
5.4. Vehicle Nuke -Rad Detection Portals General Discussion
- 5.4.1. First-Generation Vehicle Nuclear Radiological Portal
- 5.4.2. Second-Generation Vehicle Nuclear Radiological Portal
5.5. Vehicle Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Available Systems - By Detection Technology
5.6. Vehicle Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Economic Analysis
- 5.6.1. Cost of Equipment Ownership
- 5.6.2. Cost of Personnel / Year
- 5.6.3. Cost of Checkpoint / Year
- 5.6.4. Cost of Transaction
- 5.6.5. Cost of False Alarms
5.7. Vehicle Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - State of Development
5.8. Vehicle Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Standards and Guidelines
5.9. Vehicle Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Purchasing Considerations
5.10. Vehicle Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Product Comparison
- 5.10.1. Vehicle Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Product Comparison Table Specifications Definition
- 5.10.2. Vehicle Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Product Comparison Table
- 5.10.3. Vehicle Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Product Pricing Comparison

6. TRAIN NUCLEAR -RADIOLOGICAL DETECTION PORTALS

6.1. Scope
6.2. Purpose of Train Nuke -Rad Detection Portals
6.3. Train Nuke -Rad Detection Portals -Principles of operation
6.4. Train Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - General Discussion
- 6.4.1. First-Generation Rail Nuclear Radiological Portals
- 6.4.2. Second-Generation Rail Screening Nuclear/Radiological Portals
6.5. Train Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Available Systems - By Technology
6.6. Train Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Economic Analysis
- 6.6.1. Cost of Equipment Ownership
- 6.6.2. Cost of Personnel / Year
- 6.6.3. Cost of Checkpoint / Year
- 6.6.4. Cost of Transaction
- 6.6.5. Cost of False Alarms
6.7. Train Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - State of Development
6.8. Train Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Standards and Guidelines
6.9. Train Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Purchasing Considerations
6.10. Train Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Product Comparison
- 6.10.1. Train Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Product Comparison Table Specifications Definition
- 6.10.2. Train Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Product Comparison Table
- 6.10.3. Train Nuke -Rad Detection Portals - Product Pricing Comparison

7. CRANE MOUNTED/CONTAINER NUCLEAR -RADIOLOGICAL DETECTORS

7.1. Scope
7.2. Purpose of Crane Nuke -Rad Detection Portals
7.3. Crane Nuke -Rad Detection Portals -Principles of operation
7.4. Crane mounted/Container Nuke -Rad Detectors - General Discussion
7.5. Crane mounted/Container Nuke -Rad Detectors - Available Systems - By Detection Technology
7.6. Crane mounted/Container Nuke -Rad Detectors - Economic Analysis
- 7.6.1. Cost of Equipment Ownership
- 7.6.2. Cost of Personnel / Year
- 7.6.3. Cost of Checkpoint / Year
- 7.6.4. Cost of Transaction
- 7.6.5. Cost of False Alarms
7.7. Crane mounted/Container Nuke -Rad Detectors - State of Development
7.8. Crane mounted/Container Nuke -Rad Detectors - Standards and Guidelines
7.9. Crane mounted/Container Nuke -Rad Detectors - Purchasing Considerations

7.10. Crane mounted/Container Nuke -Rad Detectors - Product Comparison

7.10.1. Crane mounted/Container Nuke -Rad Detectors - Product Comparison Table Specifications Definition
7.10.2. Crane mounted/Container Nuke -Rad Detectors - Product Comparison Table
7.10.3. Crane mounted/Container Nuke -Rad Detectors - Product Pricing Comparison Table

8. Glossary

List of Figures

Figure 1 - 2003 Nuclear/Radiation Detection Portals - Current TechnologieS
Figure 2 - Nuclear - radiological Detection Portals -Security Forces Perspective
Figure 3 - Nuclear/radiological Detection Portal Screening Flowchart Operator's Perspective
Figure 4 - Background Radiation Vs a Moving Radioactive Source
Figure 5 - Current Nuclear//Radiological Portals - Core Detection Technologies
Figure 6 - Geiger Counter - Principles of Operation
Figure 7 - Application of Geiger counters in People and Vehicle Radiation Detection Portals
Figure 8 - Plastic Scintillators - Principles of Operation
Figure 9 - Nal (Ti), Csl(TI), BGO Scintillators - Principles of Operation
Figure 10 - Nal (Tl), Csl (Ti), BGO Scintillators With Isotope I.D. (Multi Channel Analyzer) - Principles of Operation
Figure 11 - Proportional He3 Detectors
Figure 12 - Glass Fiber Neutron Detector Principle of Operation
Figure 13 - Neutron Activation Plutonium & HEU Detection & Imaging
Figure 14 - Typical Pedestrian Nuclear -Radiological Detection Portal
Figure 15 - 2003 Pedestrian Nuke -Rad Detection Technologies
Figure 16 - First-Generation People Screening Nuclear - radiological Portals
Figure 17 - Pedestrian Nuke-Rad Portal: Three typical Detectors Set-designs
Figure 18 - Second-Generation Nuclear/Radiological People Screening Portal
Figure 19 - Typical Vehicle Nuclear -Radiological Detection Portal
Figure 20 - 2003 Vehicle Nuke/Rad Detection Technologies
Figure 21 - First-Generation Vehicle Screening Nuclear/Radiological Portals
Figure 22 - Advanced Vehicle Screening Nuclear - radiological Portal
Figure 23 - Vehicle and Truck: Nuk/Rad Portals Detectors Set-Designs
Figure 24 - Typical Train Nuclear/Radiological Detection Portal
Figure 25 - First-Generation Train Screening Nuclear/Radiological Portals
Figure 26 - Train Screening Nuclear/radiological Portals: Two Typical Detector Set-Designs
Figure 27 - Second-Generation Train Screening Nuclear/radiological Portals
Figure 28 -Typical Crane-Mounted Nuclear/Radiological Detector
Figure 29 - Crane-Mounted/Container Nuclear - Radiological Detector - Principles of Operation

List of Tables

Table 1 - Frequently Used Medical Radio-Isotopes
Table 2 - Benign Materials Containing Naturally Occurring Radioactivity
Table 3 - Approximate Radiation Attenuation for Various RDD Configurations
Table 4 - The Effects of Lead Shielding on Plutonium and Uranium SNM (Emission of 1kg SNM Counts per Second)
Table 5 - Radiation Detection Technologies - Major Properties Comparison
Table 6 - Nuclear/Radiological Portals Core Technologies: Relative Detection Properties
Table 7 - Geiger Counters - Advantages and Disadvantages
Table 8 - Plastic Scintillators - Advantages and Disadvantages
Table 9 - Nal (Ti), Csl(TI), BGO Scintillators
Table 10 - Nal (Tl), Csl (Ti), BGO Scintillators & Isotope I.D. (Multi cannel analyzer) - Advantages and Disadvantages
Table 11 - Comparison Between He3 and Glass Fiber Neutron Detectors
Table 12 - Neutron Activation Plutonium & HEU Detection & Imaging - Advantages and Disadvantages
Table 13 - Pedestrian Nuclear - radiological Portal: Three Typical Detectors Set-Designs - Advantages and Disadvantages
Table 14 - Typical Detection Threshold Levels for a People Nuclear/Radiological Portals
Table 15 - Second-Generation Nuclear/ Radiological People Screening Portal - Advantages and Disadvantages
Table 16 - Current Pedestrian Nuke/Rad Detection Portals by Detection Technology
Table 17 - Cost of Transaction in various scenarios
Table 18 - Current Pedestrian Nuke -Rad Portals Pricing Comparison Table
Table 19 - Vehicle Nuclear / Radiological Portals
Table 20 - Typical Threshold Detection Levels of Vehicle Nuk/Rad Portals (for a 10 km/h vehicle speed)
Table 21 - Vehicle and Truck: Nuke/Rad Portals Detectors Set-- Advantages and Disadvantages
Table 22 - Current Vehicle Nuclear -Radiological Detection Portals by Detection Technology
Table 23 - Cost of Transaction for Various Traffic Loads
Table 24 - Current Vehicle Nuke/Rad Detection Portals - Pricing Comparison Table
Table 25 - Train Screening Nuclear/radiological Portals - Advantages and Disadvantages
Table 26 - Second-Generation Train Screening Nuclear/radiological Portals - Advantages and Disadvantage
Table 27 - Current Train Screening Nuke/Rad Portals - By Technology
Table 28 - Train Screening Nuke/Rad Portals - Product Comparison Table
Table 29 - Current Train Nuke/Rad Detection Portals - Pricing Comparison Table
Table 30 - Current Crane-Mounted Nuke/Rad Detectors - By Detection Technology
Table 31 - Current Crane-Mounted Nuke/Rad Detectors - Product Pricing Comparison Table

Nuclear/Radiological Detection Portals - Product Comparison Report - 2004