Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
- Scope of report
- Report structure
- Research timeframe and methodology
- Exchange rates and tariff information
- Global prepaid market 2008
- Subscriptions
- Figure 1.1: Global mobile prepaid subscriptions by region, March 2008
- Figure 1.2: Global mobile prepaid penetration by region, March 2008
- Figure 1.3: Global total annual mobile prepaid subscription growth by region, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Revenue and contribution
- Figure 1.4: Global mobile prepaid revenue, by region, in 2007
- Prepaid mobile environment
- Prepaid churn
- Figure 1.5: Global mobile prepaid churn drivers ranked as ‘extremely important' or very important' , by region, 2008
- Prepaid usage
- Figure 1.6: Global average monthly mobile prepaid minutes of use by region, 4Q06 vs.4Q07
- Prepaid tariffs
- Figure 1.7: Global: number of prepaid mobile tariff plans in operation and planned, 2007 vs. 2008
- Prepaid recharge
- Figure 1.8: Global mobile prepaid recharge transactions by value, by region, 2008
- Prepaid roaming
- Prepaid mobile data services
- Figure 1.9: Global availability of new mobile prepaid applications, by region, 2008
- Prepaid mobile market growth 2008-2013
- Figure 1.10: Global share of prepaid subscriptions by region, 2013
- Figure 1.11: Global share of prepaid revenue by region, 2013
CHAPTER 2
- GLOBAL MOBILE PREPAID MARKET OVERVIEW
- Mobile prepaid customers
- What is a prepaid customer?
- Defining prepaid customers
- Reasons for choosing prepaid
- Prepaid customer status
- Second-class citizens or a source of growth?
- The impact of multi-SIM ownership
- Figure 2.1: Global, proportion of prepaid multi-SIM ownership by region, 2008
- Figure 2.2: Global, drivers for multi-SIM ownership by region, 2008
- Customer registration
- Prepaid and mobile market growth
- Figure 2.3: Global mobile prepaid subscriptions by region, 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 2.4: Global total annual mobile prepaid subscription growth by region, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 2.5: Global mobile prepaid penetration* by region, 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 2.6: Global quarterly mobile prepaid subscription growth by region, 1Q07-1Q08
- Figure 2.7: Global prepaid WCDMA and non-WCDMA subscriptions, 1Q08
- Figure 2.8: Global net* annual mobile prepaid subscription growth by region, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Mobile prepaid churn
- Prepaid churn rates
- Figure 2.9: Global average mobile prepaid monthly churn rates by region, 2006-2007
- Figure 2.10: Global mobile prepaid churn vs contract churn, 2008
- Reasons for churn
- Figure 2.11: Global mobile prepaid churn drivers ranked as ‘extremely important' or very important' , by region, 2008
- Figure 2.12: Global prepaid adoption of mobile number portability, 2008
- Accounting for churn
- Mobile prepaid usage
- Minutes of use
- Figure 2.13: Global average monthly mobile prepaid minutes of use by region, 4Q06 vs. 4Q07
- Average price per minute
- Figure 2.14: Global mobile prepaid price erosion per year, by region, 2008
- Figure 2.15: Global mobile prepaid, factors influencing price erosion by region, 2008
- Prepaid roaming
- Figure 2.16: Global mobile prepaid roaming availability by region, 2008
- Figure 2.17: Global mobile prepaid roaming, planned availability by region, 2008
- International voice and SMS roaming
- Figure 2.18: Global mobile prepaid roaming, international recharge availability by service, 2008
- Figure 2.19: Global mobile prepaid roaming, usage of prepaid international recharge mechanisms, 2008
- International data roaming
- National and local roaming
- Prepaid non-voice services
- Non-voice mobile data services
- Figure 2.20: Global availability of prepaid mobile non-voice applications, 2008
- Figure 2.21: Global: percentage of respondents stating that 20% or less of the prepaid base is using mobile data/content services in 2008
- Figure 2.22: Global mobile barriers to adoption of prepaid non-voice services by region, 2008
- Figure 2.23: Global mobile prepaid non-voice r8echarge mechanisms by region, 2008
- New mobile applications
- Figure 2.24: Global availability of new mobile prepaid applications, by region, 2008
- Figure 2.25: Pay-Buy-Mobile
- Figure 2.26: Pay-Buy-Mobile project participants
- Figure 2.27: Orange m-payment strategy
- Figure 2.28: Orascom Telecom Holding m-payment strategy
- Mobile prepaid revenues and contribution
- Prepaid ARPU
- Figure 2.29: Global mobile mean annual prepaid ARPU compared with US$ GDP (PPP), by region, 2007
- Prepaid revenue
- Figure 2.30: Global mobile mean annual prepaid revenue, by region, 2007
- Prepaid EBITDA margins
- Global prepaid market growth trends, 2008-2013
- Figure 2.31: Global: percentage of mobile prepaid subscribers, by region, in 2013
- Figure 2.32: Global mobile drivers for prepaid subscription growth, 2008
- Global prepaid forecasts 2008-2013
- Prepaid subscriptions
- Figure 2.33: Global mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Figure 2.34: Global mobile prepaid subscriptions by region, 2008-2013
- Figure 2.35: Global share of prepaid subscriptions by region, 2008-2013
- Prepaid revenue and ARPU
- Figure 2.36: Global mobile prepaid revenues by region, 2008-2013
- Figure 2.37: Global share of prepaid revenue by region, 2008-2013
- Figure 2.38: Global mobile CAGR prepaid subscriptions and revenue by region, 2008-2013
CHAPTER 3
- PREPAID TARIFFS AND RECHARGE STRATEGIES
- How many mobile prepaid tariffs should there be?
- Figure 3.1: Global: number of prepaid mobile tariff plans in operation and planned, 2007 vs. 2008 .
- Mobile prepaid charging increments
- Per-minute charging
- Per-second charging
- Per-call charging
- Per-day charging
- Per-unit charging
- Mobile prepaid tariff structures
- Introductory pricing
- Discount pricing
- Flat-rate tariffs
- Untimed/unlimited tariffs
- Volume-based tariffs
- On-net vs. off-net tariffs
- Time-of-day tariffs
- Inbound vs. outbound tariffs
- Bundle/add-on tariffs
- Loyalty tariffs
- Segmented tariffs
- ‘Special offers'
- SIM-only tariffs
- Hybrid mobile tariffs
- Figure 3.2: UK: O2 hybrid tariff plans, June 2008
- Mobile prepaid data service charges
- Changing mobile prepaid tariff plans
- Mobile prepaid recharge
- Recharge channels
- Figure 3.3: Global: most frequently-used mobile prepaid recharge channels by region, 2008
- Figure 3.4: Global: most frequently-used mobile prepaid recharge channels by region, 2011
- Figure 3.5: Global: effectiveness of mobile prepaid recharge mechanisms in terms of recharge volumes, 2008
- Figure 3.6: Global: effectiveness of mobile prepaid recharge mechanisms in terms of generating revenue, 2008
- Recharge denominations
- Figure 3.7: Global mobile prepaid recharge transactions by value, by region, 2008
- Recharge usage value
- Figure 3.8: Global: incentives for mobile prepaid recharge, by region, 2008
- Figure 3.9: Australia: Optus recharge cost vs. credit value
- Figure 3.10: Mexico: Telcel recharge values and associated airtime values
- Automatic credit
- Airtime transfer/third-party top-up
- Recharge validity policies
- Figure 3.11: Global average validity of prepaid calling credit, by region, 2008
CHAPTER 4
- WEST EUROPE
- West Europe mobile prepaid market status 2008
- Overview
- Figure 4.1: West Europe, total quarterly mobile prepaid customers by country, 4Q06-1Q08
- Figure 4.2: West Europe, total annual mobile prepaid subscription growth by country, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 4.3: West Europe, prepaid WCDMA and non-WCDMA subscriptions, 1Q08
- Figure 4.4: West Europe, net* annual mobile prepaid subscription growth by country, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 4.5: West Europe, mobile prepaid quarterly growth rates by country, 4Q06-1Q08
- Figure 4.6: West Europe, mobile prepaid growth drivers, 2008
- Figure 4.7: West Europe, drivers for multi-SIM ownership, 2008
- Revenues and ARPU
- Figure 4.8: West Europe, causes of prepaid mobile ARPU decline, 2008
- Prepaid minutes of use
- Prepaid non-voice services
- Figure 4.9: West Europe: percentage of respondents stating that 20% or less of prepaid base is using mobile data/content services in 2008
- Prepaid EBITDA
- Prepaid churn
- Figure 4.10: West Europe, mobile prepaid churn drivers, 2008
- West Europe mobile prepaid regulatory and competitive trends
- Mobile number portability
- Mobile termination rates
- Mobile virtual network operators
- West Europe drivers/challenges for mobile prepaid market growth
- Drivers
- Challenges
- West Europe prepaid market trends, 2008-2013
- Market conditions
- Mobile market growth
- Operator strategies
- Prepaid subscription trends
- West Europe mobile prepaid market forecasts, 2008-2013
- Figure 4.11: West Europe mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Prepaid subscriptions
- Figure 4.12: West Europe mobile subscriptions, prepaid and postpaid, 2008-2013
- Figure 4.13: West Europe mobile net additions, prepaid and postpaid, 2008-2013
- Revenue and ARPU
CHAPTER 5
- EAST EUROPE
- East Europe mobile prepaid market status 2008
- Overview
- Figure 5.1: East Europe, total quarterly mobile prepaid customers by country, 4Q06-1Q08
- Figure 5.2: East Europe, total annual mobile prepaid growth by country, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 5.3: East Europe, prepaid WCDMA and non-WCDMA subscriptions, 1Q08
- Figure 5.4: East Europe, net* annual mobile prepaid subscription growth by country, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 5.5: East Europe, mobile prepaid quarterly growth by country, 1Q07-1Q08
- Figure 5.6: East Europe, mobile prepaid growth drivers, 2008
- Figure 5.7: East Europe, drivers for multi-SIM ownership, 2008
- Revenues and ARPU
- Figure 5.8: East Europe, causes of prepaid mobile ARPU decline, 2008
- Minutes of use
- Figure 5.9: East Europe: MTS Russia and MTS Ukraine MOU, APPM and ARPU
evolution, 1Q07-1Q08
- Prepaid non-voice services
- Figure 5.10: East Europe: percentage of respondents stating that 20% or less of prepaid base is using mobile data/content services in 2008
- Prepaid EBITDA
- Prepaid churn
- Figure 5.11: East Europe, mobile prepaid churn drivers, 2008
- East Europe mobile prepaid regulatory and competitive trends
- Mobile number portability
- Mobile termination rates
- Mobile virtual network operators
- East Europe drivers/challenges for mobile prepaid market growth
- Drivers
- Challenges
- East Europe prepaid market trends, 2008-2013
- Market conditions
- Mobile market growth
- Operator strategies
- Prepaid subscription trends
- East Europe mobile prepaid market forecasts, 2008-2013
- Figure 5.12: East Europe mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Prepaid subscriptions
- Figure 5.13: East Europe mobile subscriptions, prepaid and postpaid, 2008-2013
- Figure 5.14: East Europe mobile net additions, prepaid and postpaid, 2008-2013
- Revenues and ARPU
CHAPTER 6
- ASIA PACIFIC
- Asia Pacific mobile prepaid market status 2008
- Overview
- Figure 6.1: Asia Pacific, total quarterly mobile prepaid customers by country, 4Q06-1Q08
- Figure 6.2: Asia Pacific, total annual mobile prepaid growth by country, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 6.3: Asia Pacific, prepaid WCDMA and non-WCDMA subscriptions, 1Q08
- Figure 6.4 Asia Pacific, net* annual mobile prepaid subscription growth by country, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 6.5 Asia Pacific, mobile prepaid quarterly growth by country, 4Q06-1Q08
- Figure 6.6: Asia Pacific, mobile prepaid growth drivers, 2008
- Figure 6.7: Asia Pacific, drivers for multi-SIM ownership, 2008
- Revenues and ARPU
- Figure 6.8: Asia Pacific, causes of prepaid mobile ARPU decline, 2008
- Minutes of use
- Prepaid non-voice services
- Mobile data services
- Figure 6.9: Asia Pacific: percentage of respondents stating that 20% or less of prepaid base is using mobile data/content services in 2008
- Status by country
- New prepaid applications
- Prepaid EBITDA
- Prepaid churn
- Figure 6.10: Asia Pacific, mobile prepaid churn drivers, 2008
- Asia Pacific mobile prepaid regulatory and competitive trends
- Mobile termination rates
- Mobile number portability
- Mobile virtual network operators
- Asia Pacific drivers/challenges for mobile prepaid market growth
- Drivers
- Challenges
- Asia Pacific prepaid market trends, 2008-2013
- Market conditions
- Mobile market growth
- Operator strategies
- Prepaid subscription trends
- Asia Pacific prepaid market forecasts, 2008-2013
- Figure 6.11: Asia Pacific mobile summary prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Prepaid subscriptions
- Figure 6.12: Asia Pacific mobile subscriptions, prepaid and postpaid, 2008-2013
- Figure 6.13: Asia Pacific mobile net additions, prepaid and postpaid, 2008-2013
- Revenue and ARPU
CHAPTER 7
- MIDDLE EAST
- Middle East mobile prepaid market status 2008
- Overview
- Figure 7.1: Middle East, total quarterly mobile prepaid customers by country, 4Q06-1Q08
- Figure 7.2: Middle East, annual mobile prepaid growth by country, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 7.3 Middle East, prepaid WCDMA and non-WCDMA subscriptions, 1Q08
- Figure 7.4: Middle East, net* annual mobile prepaid growth by country, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 7.5: Middle East, mobile prepaid quarterly growth by country, 4Q06-1Q08
- Figure 7.6: Middle East, mobile prepaid growth drivers, 2008
- Figure 7.7: Middle East, drivers for multi-SIM ownership, 2008
- Revenues and ARPU
- Figure 7.8: Middle East, causes of prepaid mobile ARPU decline, 2008
- Minutes of use
- Prepaid non-voice services
- Mobile data services
- Figure 7.9: Middle East: percentage of respondents stating that 20% or less of prepaid base is using mobile data/content services in 2008
- New prepaid applications
- Prepaid EBITDA
- Prepaid churn
- Figure 7.10: Middle East, mobile prepaid churn drivers, 2008
- Middle East mobile prepaid regulatory and competitive trends
- Mobile number portability
- Mobile termination rates
- Mobile virtual network operators
- Middle East drivers/challenges for mobile prepaid market growth
- Drivers
- Challenges
- Middle East prepaid market trends, 2008-2013
- Market conditions
- Mobile market growth
- Operator strategies
- Prepaid subscription trends
- Middle East prepaid market forecasts, 2008-2013
- Figure 7.11: Middle East mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Prepaid subscriptions
- Figure 7.12: Middle East mobile subscriptions, prepaid and postpaid, 2008-2013
- Figure 7.13: Middle East mobile net additions, prepaid and postpaid, 2008-2013
- Revenue and ARPU
CHAPTER 8
- AFRICA
- Africa mobile prepaid market status 2008
- Overview
- Figure 8.1: Africa, total quarterly mobile prepaid customers by country, 4Q06-1Q08
- Figure 8.2: Africa, annual mobile prepaid subscription growth by country, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 8.3: Africa, prepaid WCDMA and non-WCDMA subscriptions, 1Q08
- Figure 8.4: Africa, net* annual mobile prepaid subscription growth by country, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 8.5: Africa, quarterly mobile prepaid customer growth by country, 4Q06-1Q08
- Figure 8.6: Africa, mobile prepaid growth drivers, 2008
- Figure 8.7 Africa, availability of low-cost mobile devices, 1Q08
- Figure 8.8: Africa, drivers for multi-SIM ownership, 2008
- Revenues and ARPU
- Figure 8.9: Africa, causes of prepaid mobile ARPU decline, 2008
- Minutes of use
- Prepaid non-voice services
- Mobile data services
- Figure 8.10: Africa, mobile broadband network deployment and customers, 1Q08
- Figure 8.11: Africa, WiMAX deployment, 1Q08
- Figure 8.12: Africa: percentage of respondents stating that 20% or less of prepaid base is using mobile data/content services in 2008
- New prepaid applications
- Figure 8.13: Kenya, value of money transfer transactions, M-Pesa m-banking service, 1H08
- Figure 8.14: Africa, M-Pesa m-banking service development strategy and status
- Prepaid EBITDA
- Prepaid churn
- Figure 8.15: Africa, mobile prepaid churn drivers, 2008
- Africa mobile prepaid regulatory and competitive trends
- Mobile number portability
- Mobile termination rates
- Mobile virtual network operators
- Africa drivers/challenges for mobile prepaid market growth
- Drivers
- Challenges
- Africa prepaid market trends, 2008-2013
- Market conditions
- Mobile market growth
- Operator strategies
- Prepaid subscription trends
- Africa prepaid market forecasts, 2008-2013
- Figure 8.16: Africa mobile summary prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Prepaid subscriptions
- Figure 8.17: Africa mobile subscriptions, prepaid and postpaid, 2008-2013
- Figure 8.18: Africa mobile net additions, prepaid and postpaid, 2008-2013
- Prepaid revenue and ARPU
CHAPTER 9
- NORTH AMERICA
- North America mobile prepaid market status 2008
- Overview
- Figure 9.1: North America, total quarterly mobile prepaid customers by country, 4Q06-1Q08
- Figure 9.2: North America, annual mobile prepaid growth by country, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 9.3: North America, quarterly mobile prepaid customer growth by country, 4Q06-1Q08
- Figure 9.4: North America, mobile prepaid growth drivers, 2008
- Revenues and ARPU
- Minutes of use
- Prepaid non-voice services
- Mobile data services
- Figure 9.5: North America: percentage of respondents stating that 20% or less of prepaid base is using mobile data/content services in 2008
- New prepaid applications
- Prepaid EBITDA
- Prepaid churn
- Figure 9.6: North America, mobile prepaid churn drivers, 2008
- North America mobile prepaid regulatory and competitive trends
- Mobile termination rates
- Mobile number portability
- Mobile virtual network operators
- North America drivers/challenges for mobile prepaid market growth
- Drivers
- Challenges
- North America prepaid market trends, 2008-2013
- Market conditions
- Mobile market growth
- Operator strategies
- Prepaid subscription trends
- North America prepaid market forecasts, 2008-2013
- Figure 9.7: North America mobile prepaid forecasts 2008-2013
- Prepaid subscriptions
- Figure 9.8: North America mobile subscriptions, prepaid and postpaid, 2008-2013
- Figure 9.9: North America mobile net additions, prepaid and postpaid, 2008-2013
- Revenues and ARPU
CHAPTER 10
- LATIN AMERICA
- Latin America mobile prepaid market status 2008
- Overview
- Figure 10.1: Latin America, total quarterly mobile prepaid customers by country, 4Q06-1Q08
- Figure 10.2: Latin America, annual mobile prepaid growth by country, 4Q06 vs 4Q07 and 1Q08 vs 1Q07
- Figure 10.3: Latin America, quarterly mobile prepaid customer growth by country, 4Q06-1Q08 .
- Figure 10.4: Latin America, mobile prepaid growth drivers, 2008
- Figure 10.5: Latin America, drivers for multi-SIM ownership, 2008
- Revenues and ARPU
- Figure 10.6: Latin America, causes of prepaid mobile ARPU decline, 2008
- Minutes of use
- Prepaid non-voice services
- Mobile data services
- Figure 10.7: Latin America: percentage of respondents stating that 20% or less of prepaid base is using mobile data/content services in 2008
- New prepaid applications
- Prepaid EBITDA
- Prepaid churn
- Figure 10.8: Latin America, mobile prepaid churn drivers, 2008
- Latin America mobile prepaid regulatory and competitive trends
- Mobile termination rates
- Mobile number portability
- Mobile virtual network operators
- Mobile virtual network operators
- Latin America drivers/challenges for mobile prepaid market growth
- Drivers
- Challenges
- Latin America prepaid market trends, 2008-2013
- Market conditions
- Mobile market growth
- Operator strategies
- Prepaid subscription trends
- Latin America prepaid market forecasts, 2008-2013
- Figure 10.9: Latin America mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Prepaid subscriptions
- Figure 10.10: Latin America mobile subscriptions, prepaid and postpaid, 2008-2013
- Figure 10.11: Latin America mobile net additions, 2008-2013
- Revenue and ARPU
APPENDIX A
- MOBILE PREPAID COUNTRY FORECASTS, 2008 - 2013
- West Europe
- Austria mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Belgium mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- France mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Germany mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Greece mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Ireland mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Italy mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Netherlands mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Portugal mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Spain mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- UK mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- East Europe
- Croatia mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Czech Republic mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Hungary mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Lithuania mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Poland mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Romania mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Russia mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Slovak Republic mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Ukraine mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Asia Pacific
- Australia mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- China mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Hong Kong mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- India mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Indonesia mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Japan mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Malaysia mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- New Zealand mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Singapore mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- South Korea mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Taiwan mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Thailand mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Middle East
- Israel mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Jordan mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Saudi Arabia mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Turkey mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Africa
- Egypt mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Nigeria mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- South Africa mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Uganda mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- North America
- Canada mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- US mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Latin America
- Argentina mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Brazil mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
- Mexico mobile prepaid forecasts, 2008-2013
APPENDIX B
- GLOBAL MOBILE PREPAID INDUSTRY SURVEY 2008
- Introduction
- Methodology
- Survey structure
- Industry Survey results
- Respondent profile
- Prepaid customer information
- Prepaid churn
- Prepaid pricing and usage patterns
- Recharge strategies
- Prepaid roaming
- Prepaid non-voice services
- Prepaid marketing strategies
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