Mobile Operating Systems: The impact of open source and importance of user experience

Table of Contents

• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• The importance of handset software
  • Figure 1.1: Global mobile handset sales, new vs. old forecasts, 2008-2013
• Open source
  • Figure 1.2: Main open software licenses as a function of the degree of freedom they offer
• Operating systems
  • Figure 1.3: Segmentation of mobile OS market
• Vendor strategies
• Mobile OS market
  • Figure 1.4: Global smartphone sales, 2007-2013
• Device service ecosystems

• HANDSET MARKET TRENDS
  • Figure 2.1: Global mobile handset sales, new vs. old forecasts, 2008-2013
• Differentiation
• Introduction
  • Figure 2.2: Competitive advantage, strategic options
  • Cost leadership
  • Differentiation
• Handset hardware
  • Figure 2.3: Penetration of selected hardware features in new Nokia handsets
• Handset software
• User experience
  • Figure 2.4: Selected factors that can influence mobile user experience
• Mobile handset
• External factors
• Conclusion
• Access to other markets

• OPEN SOURCE IN MOBILE
• The business perspective
• Open source approach
  • Figure 3.1: The main steps of open source history
  • The philosophy
  • Figure 3.2: The 10 criteria of OSS as defined by OSI v1.9
  • The business case
• The main misconceptions of open source
  • It is not a product with no revenue model
  • It is not free of cost
  • It is not a free resource of volunteer developers
  • It is not a viral threat to intellectual property
• Licensing models
  • Figure 3.3: Different approaches of licensing open source software
  • Figure 3.4: Main open software licenses as a function of the degree of freedom they offer
• Legal characteristics
  • Disparities between different licenses
  • GPL and GPLv2
    • Figure 3.5: Main characteristics of different open source licenses
  • Changes in the third version of GPL
    • Figure 3.6: Compatibility of GPLv3 with other open source licenses
  • Lesser GPL (LGPL)
  • Apache License (APL)
  • Eclipse Public License (EPL)
  • Mozilla Public License (MPL)
• Governance models
• The balance between the ‘Cathedral' and the ‘Bazaar' approaches
  • Figure 3.7: Three key governance models
  • Cathedral model - central control
  • Bazaar model - a decentralized approach
• Key factors needed to create a strong governance model
• Business models
• Advantages of open source-based business models
• Pitfalls of open source-based business models
• Choosing an open source business model
• Is open source a disruption to the mobile industry?
• Open source in mobile case studies
• WebKit phenomena and development paths
  • Different implementations and forks
  • WebKit for Nokia' s S60 browser
    • Figure 3.8: Nokia S60 web browser architecture
  • WebKit for Nokia' s S40 browser
  • Industry impact of WebKit
• Linux in the mobile market
  • Benefits and challenges of mobile Linux
    • Figure 3.9: Advantages and benefits of Linux in the mobile market
• Google in open source and mobile markets: the Android story
  • Figure 3.10: Android architecture
  • The rationale behind releasing Android SDK under APL
• Purple Labs
• Open source and Java: what happened to Java ME?
  • Java open source: future outlook
  • Open source Java ME components
    • Figure 3.11: Main components of phoneME Feature and Advanced projects
  • Licensing and intellectual property constraints
    • Figure 3.12: Comparative analysis of Sun' s Java ME platform implementations under commercial and open source licenses
  • Java ME open source: impact on the mobile industry
  • The case of Motorola' s MIDP3 project
• Nokia' s experience with open source
  • Major projects sponsored by Nokia
    • Figure 3.13: Nokia: major open source projects by licensing model (as of January 2009)
• The case of the Maemo platform
  • Figure 3.14: Maemo platform architecture diagram
• The reasons behind the acquisition of Symbian by Nokia
  • Figure 3.15: Symbian performance, 2001-2008
  • The rationale behind taking Symbian and S60 to open source

• MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEMS
• Role and architecture
  • Figure 4.1: Simplified view of the OS role
  • Figure 4.2: Typical dual platform architecture functions
  • Figure 4.3: Selected applications OS platform components
• Mobile OS market segments
  • Figure 4.4: Segmentation of mobile OS market
• Proprietary OS
• Open architecture OS
• Symbian
  • Overview
    • Figure 4.5: Global Symbian OS unit shipments, 2003-1H08 and 2007 shipments by UI platform
  • Symbian: higher volume and lower cost
    • Figure 4.6: Symbian roadmap v9.1 - v9.5
  • Development
  • Conclusion
• Microsoft Windows Mobile (WM)
  • Overview
    • Figure 4.7: Global Microsoft Windows Mobile phone-enabled device shipments, 2005-2008
  • OS, application and services development
    • Figure 4.8: Microsoft Windows Mobile roadmap 5.0-6.5
  • Mobile phone market strategy and confronting open source
• webOS
• BlackBerry OS
  • Figure 4.9: BlackBerry OS major releases, Dec-99 to Nov-08
• Apple OS X iPhone
  • Figure 4.10: iPhone and iPod Touch OS releases, Jun-07 to Jan-09
• Open source OS
• Standards bodies
  • Figure 4.11: Main members of the LiMo Foundation, the OHA and the Symbian Foundation, as at end Feb-09
  • LiMo Foundation
  • Open Handset Alliance
  • Android
    • Figure 4.12: Android architecture
  • Symbian Foundation
    • Figure 4.13: Symbian Foundation timeline
    • Figure 4.14: Symbian Foundation Platform
• Commercialization and OS
• Linux
  • The business case for mobile Linux
    • Figure 4.15: Pros and cons of a Linux-based OS as an open source OS for mobile handsets
    • Figure 4.16: Market segmentation of Linux offerings
• Leading Linux OS developers
  • MontaVista
  • Wind River

• VENDOR STRATEGIES
• Nokia
• Company overview
  • Figure 5.1: Nokia: company structure
• Operating system support and segmentation
• Other software support (UI and browsers)
• Conclusions
• Samsung
• Company overview
• Operating system support and segmentation
• Other software support (UI and browsers)
• Conclusions
• LG
• Company overview
• Operating system support and segmentation
• Other software support (UI and browsers)
• Conclusions
• Motorola
• Company overview
• Operating system support and segmentation
• Other software support (UI and browsers)
• Conclusions
• Sony Ericsson
• Company overview
• Operating system support and segmentation
• Other software support (UI and browsers)
• Conclusions
• Apple
• Company overview
• Operating system support and segmentation
• Other software support (UI and browsers)
• Conclusions
• High Tech Computer Corporation (HTC)
• Company overview
• Operating system support and segmentation
• Other software support (UI and browsers)
• Conclusions
• Research In Motion (RIM)
• Company overview
• Operating system support and segmentation
• Other software support (UI and browsers)
• Conclusions

• MOBILE OS MARKET
• Mobile operating system landscape
• OS market segmentation
  • Figure 6.1: Segmentation of mobile OS market
  • Figure 6.2: Market segmentation of OSs for mobile devices
• OS drivers and trends
• Global mobile OS handset market forecasts
• Total handset sales by OS type
  • Figure 6.3: Global smartphone sales, 2007-2013
  • Figure 6.4: Global smartphone sales, by region, 2007-2013
  • Figure 6.5: Global smartphone penetration of sales, by region, 2007-2013
• Total smartphone sales by smartphone OS type
  • Figure 6.6: Operating systems defined by platform type
  • Figure 6.7: Global smartphone sales, by OS and segment, 2007-2013
  • Figure 6.8: Global smartphone sales, OS segment share, by region, 2008, 2010 and 2013
• Total smartphone sales by smartphone OS
  • Figure 6.9: Global open OS handset sales, by OS type, 2007-2013
  • Figure 6.10: Global smartphone sales volume, by OS and region, 2008, 2010 and 2013
  • Figure 6.11: Global smartphone market shares, by OS and region, 2008, 2010 and 2013
• Conclusions
  • Figure 6.12: Key OS platform landscape for the leading handset vendors

• DEVICE SERVICE ECOSYSTEMS
• Application store phenomenon and device service ecosystem
• Industry dynamics
  • Figure 7.1: Key non-operator mobile application stores: addressable market and revenue models
• What it means for handset vendors
• What it means for ISPs and software solution providers
• What it means for mobile operators
• What it means for application developers
• Profile: Nokia Ovi
• Profile: Apple' s App Store
• Enhanced UE through mobile application runtime
• Trends towards open application runtime
• Different flavors of application runtime environment and fragmentation
• The marketplace and roadmap of Qualcomm' s BREW ecosystem
  • Market drivers and business model
  • BREW technology and roadmap
    • Figure 7.2: BREW software platform roadmap
    • Figure 7.3: The main differences between next and current generations of BREW
• Adobe Flash
  • Adoption level and changes in the business model
  • Flash technology and roadmap
    • Figure 7.4: Flash Lite platform roadmap
• Nokia S60: increased support for Web services
  • Figure 7.5: Nokia S60 evolution and compatibilities across different generations
• Evolution towards MRIAs and mobile MWRT
• The business case
  • Figure 7.6: Mobile telecoms ecosystem in three dimensions
  • Figure 7.7: Evolution towards mobile Web runtime (MWRT) and mobile rich Internet applications (MRIAs)
• Three criteria in choosing MWRT
  • Figure 7.8: Mobile Web user experience: community-triggered ecosystem
  • Figure 7.9: Schematic picture of cross-platform and seamless web experience
• Different flavors of MWRT platforms
  • Figure 7.10: Main MWRT solutions and their development environment
  • Microsoft' s Silverlight
  • Adobe' s AIR
  • Google' s Gears
  • Sun' s JavaFx and ODP
  • Qualcomm' s Plaza
• Fragmentation issues and the role of standard bodies
  • Main issues in the mass market
  • Main issues for high-end handsets and smartphones
  • Standardization trends
• Mobile operators rationalizing on terminal platforms
• Advantages of rationalization
• Operator choices
  • Figure 7.11: Key terminal software platforms supported by the leading operators