Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
- 1.1. Definitions and scope of the report
- 1.1.1. Case Study: The improved Toyota fuel cell FCHV Bus2 in 2005
- 1.1.2. Technical features
- 1.1.3. History of EVs
- 1.1.4. Organisations involved in the EV industry
- 1.1.5. The EV value chain
- 1.1.6. Benefit of a broad definition
- 1.1.7. On-road vs off-road -- not a clear distinction
- 1.2. Pure electric vehicles
- 1.3. Hybrid electric vehicles
- 1.4. Competing technologies and their targets
- 1.5. Applicational sectors
- 1.5.1. Robots in many forms
- 1.6. Reasons for adoption of EVs
- 1.6.1. Replacing ICE for reasons other than pollution
- 1.6.2. Replacing human effort
- 1.6.3. Making new things possible
- 1.6.4. Electric fork lifts are not what they seem
- 1.6.5. Do not major on pollution if you want to succeed
- 1.6.6. Cost over life
- 1.7. Profitability of EV businesses by type -- results of our major survey
- 1.7.1. Applicational sector and product positioning are key
- 1.7.2. Profitability of EV manufacture by sector
- 1.7.3. Profitability vs barriers to entry
- 1.7.4. Profitability vs strength of consumer proposition
- 1.7.5. EVs as an enabling technology
- 1.7.6. Profitability of EVs
- 1.7.7. Profitability as a function of business size
- 1.7.8. Profitability of EV component manufacturers
- 1.7.9. Size bias of profitability analysis
- 1.8. Basis of forecasts of market value
2. HEAVY INDUSTRIAL EVS
- 2.1. Definition
- 2.2. Market drivers
- 2.3. The major players shakeout
- 2.4. Profiles of some leaders and potential leaders
- 2.4.1. Linde, Germany 2004 report, 2005-7 plans
- 2.4.2. Toyota Industrial, Japan/Europe 2005
- 2.5. Listing of manufacturers
- 2.6. Market size
- 2.7. Market forecasts by technology 2005 to 2015
- 2.8. Future challenges and opportunities
3. LIGHT INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL EVS
- 3.1. Vehicles covered in this chapter
- 3.1.1. Light industrial and commercial
- 3.1.2. Examples
- 3.1.3. Case Study: eMercury taxis in 2005
- 3.1.4. Heavy and light
- 3.1.5. Major subcategories
- 3.1.6. Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs)
- 3.1.7. AGV people movers
- 3.1.8. Airport EVs - the largest category in light industrial
- 3.1.9. Commercial on-road vehicles
- 3.2. Market drivers
- 3.2.1. Light duty
- 3.2.2. Heavy duty
- 3.3. Low cost light industrial and commercial EVs
- 3.4. Mid-priced light industrial EVs
- 3.4.1. QEV70 delivery vehicle
- 3.4.2. Airport EVs
- 3.4.3. Military demand
- 3.4.4. Sub-optimal supply
- 3.4.5. Small orders
- 3.4.6. Future trends
- 3.5. High priced industrial and commercial EVs
- 3.5.1. Large buses in the US and China
- 3.5.2. ISE Research in 2005
- 3.6. Market projections 2005-2015 for commercial and high cost light industrial EVs
- 3.7. Listing of manufacturers
- 3.8. Overall market projections for light industrial and commercial EVs
- 3.8.1. Overall market by unit cost
- 3.8.2. Markets by technology 2005 to 2015
4. EVS FOR THE DISABLED
- 4.1. The sector with the most compelling and enduring need
- 4.2. The demographic time-bomb
- 4.2.1. Ageing population and the dependent elderly
- 4.2.2. Laws make mobility easier
- 4.3. Types of mobility vehicle
- 4.3.1. Growth by new market segments
- 4.4. Market drivers
- 4.4.1. Geographical distribution
- 4.4.2. Needs creating new segments
- 4.4.3. What is driving regional differences?
- 4.4.4. Case Study: Pride Mobility, USA
- 4.5. Listing of manufacturers
- 4.6. Market forecasts by technology and region, 2005 to 2015
- 4.6.1. Growth by creating new markets
- 4.6.2. Markets by region
- 4.6.3. Markets by technology
5. TWO WHEELED EVS AND ALLIED VEHICLES
- 5.1. Definition
- 5.1.1. Case Study: Dana Corporation Willy scooter
- 5.1.2. Case Study: Peugeot Quark quad bike
- 5.1.3. Case Study: Systrel, Eberli and Associates -- Mobilec moped
- 5.2. Market drivers
- 5.2.1. Bicycles and electric bicycles
- 5.2.2. Massive boost to 2 wheelers in China
- 5.2.3. Boost for 2 wheelers in Taiwan
- 5.2.4. The big potential- bicycles
- 5.2.5. Weak market drivers in the West but some changes
- 5.2.6. Hybrid motorcycles
- 5.2.7. Case Study: Segway
- 5.2.8. Case Study Rietti undercuts Segway
- 5.2.9. Europe
- 5.2.10. USA
- 5.2.11. Japan
- 5.2.12. China
- 5.2.13. Power system makers for electric bikes, pedelecs and small E-scooters
- 5.3. Market forecasts, 2005 to 2015
- 5.3.1. Overall market
- 5.3.2. Fuel cells important one day?
- 5.3.3. Fast growth in China
- 5.3.4. Massive pollution in China
- 5.3.5. Fundamentals are good
- 5.3.6. Battery projections
- 5.3.7. Hybrid projections
- 5.3.8. Fuel Cell projections
- 5.3.9. Case Study: ENV fuel cell motorcycle 2005
- 5.3.10. Honda FC Stack fuel cell motorcycle
- 5.3.11. Case Study: Vectrix fuel cell "electric hybrid" scooter in 2005
6. GOLF EVS
- 6.1. Definition
- 6.2. Market drivers
- 6.2.1. Golf course creation
- 6.2.2. Secondary market - golf cars not used for golf
- 6.3. Listing of manufacturers
- 6.4. Market forecasts by technology and region 2005 to 2015
- 6.4.1. Golf EV market
- 6.4.2. No more growth
- 6.4.3. Low prices
- 6.4.4. Turnkey success
7. CARS
- 7.1. Types of electric car 2005-2015
- 7.2. Plug in hybrids and fuel cells are coming.
- 7.3. Ultra environmental diesel hybrids in 2020?
- 7.4. Nissan hybrids 2005
- 7.5. Market drivers
- 7.5.1. Artificial pricing makes volumes uncertain
- 7.5.2. Factors correlating with profit
- 7.5.3. Imaginative market positioning
- 7.6. Companies and launch programs
- 7.6.1. Hybrids
- 7.6.2. Exponential growth of hybrids
- 7.6.3. Case Study: Toyota Motor Co., Japan
- 7.6.4. Case Study: ZAP
- 7.7. Listing of manufacturers
- 7.8. Market size and trends 2005-2015
- 7.8.1. Manufacturing market projection
- 7.8.2. Breakdown by type and manufacturer
- 7.8.3. Neighbourhood vehicles
- 7.8.4. Taiwan tries to leapfrog - but not yet
- 7.8.5. Forecasts
- 7.8.6. What will not happen
- 7.8.7. Forecasts by technology
8. MARINE
- 8.1. History
- 8.1.1. Case Study: Subeo Gemini submarine
- 8.2. Sales by region
- 8.2.1. Total market
- 8.2.2. Underwater
- 8.2.3. Large military submarines excluded
- 8.3. Commonality with land EVs
- 8.3.1. Grants for land and water
- 8.3.2. Effect of land EV manufacturers entering marine
- 8.4. Market drivers
- 8.4.1. History
- 8.4.2. Pollution laws
- 8.4.3. Bionic Dolphin -- the power of imaginative design
- 8.4.4. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs)
- 8.4.5. Case Study: AUVs at the Florida Atlantic University
- 8.4.6. Hybrid ships after 2010
- 8.5. Leisure and tourist submarines
- 8.6. Manufacturers by country and product
- 8.7. Selling prices
- 8.8. Marine EV sales projections, 2005 to 2015
- 8.8.1. Surface and subsurface boat markets
- 8.8.2. Projections by technology, 2005 to 2015
- 8.8.3. Projections by under-over water craft, 2005 to 2015
- 8.8.4. Projections by region
9. MOBILE ROBOTS, TOYS, LEISURE, RESEARCH, HOBBYIST
- 9.1. Definition
- 9.2. Market drivers
- 9.2.1. Case Study: Toyota at Expo 2005
- 9.3. Contents of exhibition
- 9.4. Listing of manufacturers by country and product
- 9.5. Market size and trends
- 9.5.1. Mobile robots
- 9.5.2. Case Study: The Electrolux Automower
- 9.5.3. Rescue robots in Germany
- 9.5.4. Case Study: Robots on Mars
- 9.5.5. Technology and Mission Relevance
- 9.5.6. Toys
- 9.5.7. Other leisure
- 9.5.8. Research and hobbyist
- 9.5.9. Mining
- 9.6. Market forecasts by sector and technology, 2005 to 2015
10. MILITARY
- 10.1. Overview
- 10.1.1. Examples of military EVs
- 10.1.2. Case Study: UQM unmanned combat vehicle
- 10.1.3. Case Study: URBIE reconnaissance robot
- 10.1.4. Case Study: Micro Robot Explorer -- Spider Bot
- 10.1.5. Case Study General Motors fuel cell Silverado truck
APPENDIX - Fuel cell EVs
LIST OF TABLES
- 1.1. Some reasons why ICE vehicles are replaced with EVs
- 1.2. Wants well satisfied by EVs
- 1.3. Study shows Japanese battery dominance
- 2.1. Financial results of Linde Material Handling Division for financial year 2004
- 2.2. Twenty examples of manufacturers of heavy industrial EVs by country
- 2.3. Percentage split of global manufacture of heavy industrial trucks
- 2.4. Distribution of trade volume for heavy industrial EVs
- 2.5. Global league table of powered industrial truck manufacturers 2005 by value of sales
- 2.6. The ranking in 2005 for electric industrial vehicle sales
- 2.7. Heavy industrial EV global market at ex factory prices 2005 to 2015
- 2.8. Heavy industrial pure EV (battery-only) manufacturing market projection 2005 to 2015
- 2.9. Hybrid heavy industrial EVs 2005 to 2015
- 2.10. Fuel cell heavy industrial EVs 2005 to 2015
- 3.1. Global market for low-cost light industrial EVs 2005 to 2015 by numbers, value and
technology
- 3.2. Specification of the new QEV70 delivery vehicle
- 3.3. Global market for medium cost light industrial EVs 2005 to 2015 by numbers and value
- 3.4. Global market for medium cost light industrial EVs 2005 to 2015 by technology
- 3.5. Global market for commercial and high cost light industrial vehicles by value and numbers,
2005 to 2015
- 3.6. Global market for commercial and high cost light industrial vehicles by technology
percentage split, 2005 to 2015
- 3.7. 132 manufacturers of light industrial and commercial EVs by country and examples of their
products
- 3.8. Overall market projection for global sales of light industrial and commercial EVs by
numbers by price range, 2005 to 2015
- 3.9. Overall market projection for global sales of light industrial and commercial EVs by value
by price range, 2005 to 2015
- 3.10. Global unit numbers (000) of hybrid light industrial and commercial EVs by price range,
2005 to 2015
- 3.11. Global unit numbers (000) of battery-only light industrial and commercial EVs by price
range, 2005 to 2015
- 3.12. Global unit numbers (000) of fuel cell light industrial and commercial EVs by price range,
2005 to 2015
- 3.13. Global value ($ millions) of hybrid light industrial and commercial EVs by price range,
2005 to 2015
- 3.14. Global value ($ million) of battery-only light industrial and commercial EVs by price
range, 2005 to 2015
- 3.15. Global value ($ million) of fuel cell light industrial and commercial EVs by price range,
2005 to 2015
- 4.1. Statistics relevant to the challenge to society caused by ageing population
- 4.2. Evolution of three families of powered vehicles for the disabled
- 4.3. Evolution of powered wheelchairs for the severely disabled, usually with carer nearby, 1980
to 2010
- 4.4. Evolution of power chairs 1980 to 2010
- 4.5. Evolution of scooters for the disabled 1980 to 2010
- 4.6. The continental percentage split of markets for vehicles for the disabled by value in 2005
- 4.7. The percentage split of market for vehicles for the disabled by country within Europe
- 4.8. The numbers in thousands of scooters plus power chairs that will be sold in Europe 2005 to
2015.
- 4.9. Features of mobility vehicles that may hold up the price by offering more in future
- 4.10. The percentage distribution of manufacture between Taiwan and Mainland China by value of
vehicles for the disabled 2005 and 2015
- 4.11. Market for EVs for the disabled by geographical region, ex works pricing and percentage
split in 2005 and 2015
- 4.12. Eighty examples of manufacturers of EVs for the disabled by country
- 4.13. Number projections for global sales of existing vs radically new types of design and use
of disabled EVs 2005 to 2015
- 4.14. Global manufacturing market by number and value in 2005 to 2015
- 5.1. Specification of the experimental Peugeot Quark fuel cell quad bike.
- 5.2. Global population of bicycles, in billions, by region
- 5.3. Sales of electric bicycles in Japan 1994 to 2005
- 5.4. Sales of electric bicycles in China 1998 to 2003
- 5.5. Global sales of electric bicycles 2001 to 2005
- 5.6. Global sales of electric bicycles 2002 by region
- 5.7. 69 examples of manufacturers of two wheel Evs and electric quad bikes
- 5.8. Largest suppliers of electric bicycles by number (not in order)
- 5.9. Supply of electric bicycles in Europe 2000/2001 by number, maker and battery chemistry
- 5.10. Listing of major light electric scooter makers and importers in Europe
- 5.11. Sales of two wheelers in USA by number, maker and battery chemistry (12 months to
21/8/2001)
- 5.12. The two wheeler brands offered on the Japanese domestic market by market share and battery
chemistry
- 5.13. 34 sources of two wheelers in China by brand, region and battery chemistry
- 5.14. Listing of light electric scooter makers in China (all presently use lead-acid battery
chemistry)
- 5.15. Two wheeler EV system makers by battery chemistry
- 5.16. Manufacturing market projections for two wheel EVs at ex works prices, 2005 to 2015
- 5.17. Global market for battery driven two wheel vehicles, at ex factory prices, 2005 to 2015
- 5.18. Global market for hybrid two wheel vehicles, at ex factory prices, 2005 to 2015
- 5.19. Global market for fuel cell two wheel vehicles, at ex factory prices, 2005 to 2015
- 6.1. 15 examples of golf EV manufacturers
- 6.2. Manufacturing market projection for golf EVs, all are battery-only vehicles (cars plus
caddies), 2005 to 2015
- 6.3. Geographical split of golf EV sales by value 2000, 2005 and 2015
- 7.1. Types of EV car and technology 2005
- 7.2. Types of EV car and technology 2015
- 7.3. Objectives of the Ricardo Qinetiq diesel hybrid being designed in 2005 vs todays Prius
gasoline hybrid
- 7.4. Nissan ranking of reasons for rejecting pure EV cars
- 7.5. Examples of hybrids in the market or made in small numbers 2005
- 7.6. Examples of hybrid launches 2006- 2009
- 7.7. Toyota sales of EVs, 1999 to 2003
- 7.8. Estimated Toyota sales of EVs 2004-2007
- 7.9. 57 examples of manufacturers and intending manufacturers of EV cars
- 7.10. Manufacturing market projection for EV cars, prices ex factory, 2005 to 2015
- 7.11. Global sales of Neighbourhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs) and new or used golf cars serving
that purpose in 2005 and 2015
- 7.12. Global hybrid EV car sales at ex factory prices, 2005 to 2015
- 7.13. Global battery-only EV car sales at ex factory prices, 2005 to 2015
- 7.14. Global fuel cell EV car sales at ex factory prices, 2005 to 2015
- 8.1. 43 examples of manufacturers of EV electric water craft
- 8.2. Indicative prices for marine EVs in 2005
- 8.3. Marine EV manufacturing global market 2005 to 2015
- 8.4. Global manufacturing market for hybrid water craft 2005 to 2015
- 8.5. Global manufacturing market for battery-only electric water craft 2005 to 2015
- 8.6. Global manufacturing market for fuel cell electric water craft 2005 to 2015
- 8.7. Percentage of sales by value of underwater vs overwater EVs, 2005 to 2015
- 8.8. Value of EV marine craft manufacturing market by region, 2005 to 2015, in percentages
- 9.1. 30 examples of manufacturers of mobile robots, toy, leisure, research or hobbyist EVs by
country and product
- 9.2. Specification and pricing of planned two-legged mobile robots
- 9.3. Global EV manufacturing market for mobile robots, battery-only, 2005 to 2015
- 9.4. Global EV manufacturing market for mining and others, 2005 to 2015
- 9.5. Global EV manufacturing market for mining and others, battery-only EVs, 2005 to 2015
- 9.6. Global EV manufacturing market for mining and others, fuel cell EVs, 2005 to 2015
- 9.7. Global EV manufacturing market for toy EVs, 2005 to 2015, all pure electric
- 10.1. Global EV manufacturing market for military, 2005 to 2015
- 10.2. Global military hybrid EV sales 2005 to 2015
- 10.3. Global military battery-only EV market, 2005 to 2015
- 10.4. Global military fuel cell EV market, 2005 to 2015
- 10.5. Suppliers of military EVs
LIST OF FIGURES
- 1.1. The Toyota FCHV Bus2
- 1.2. Electric vehicle value chain
- 1.3. Competing electric drive train technologies and their targets by market sector
- 1.4. Percent of EV manufacturing operations that are profitable by sector
- 1.5. Percent of EV service operations that are profitable by sector
- 2.1. A typical Toyota industrial EV in 2005.
- 2.2. The new Crown ST/SX 300 series walkie stacker
- 3.1. The new E150 battery driven pure EV delivery vehicle from VXL Automotive in the UK.
- 3.2. The new TXII hybrid London taxi developed by LTI
- 3.3. Frog AGV people mover EV
- 3.4. Two buses in Brazil using the locally made Eletra hybrid power trains.
- 3.5. Electric bus in Nepal
- 3.6. The new QEV70 delivery vehicle
- 3.7. Gasoline hybrid buses being sold using ISE drive trains.
- 3.8. The first new gasoline hybrid 40-foot urban transit bus in Southern California delivered by
New Flyer Industries
- 3.9. A pure EV bus in Italy using fast charge batteries
- 4.1. Percentage of dependent elderly 1970 to 2040
- 4.2. Pride Jazzy -- making new things possible
- 4.3. Stair climbing function of the iBOT
- 4.4. Balance function of the iBOT
- 4.5. Shoprider microscooter fully
- 4.6. Shoprider dismantled for storage
- 4.7. Shoprider transport and storage
- 4.8. Shoprider Milan
- 4.9. Shoprider Sunrunner
- 5.1. The Dana Corporation Willy scooter powered by fuel cell and battery.
- 5.2. The new prototype Peugeot Quark pure EV quad bike
- 5.3. Segway Human Transporter
- 5.4. Segway Human Transporter at rest
- 5.5. Segway Human Transporter with carriers
- 5.6. Rietti two wheel scooter
- 5.7. Electricmoto motorcross motorcycle by blade
- 5.8. Two wheel electric scooter by Electric Vehicle Technologies
- 5.9. Two wheel electric scooter by Electric Vehicle Technologies
- 5.10. EVT "Survivor" MD70EMT bike
- 5.11. EVT Scooter
- 5.12. Viento Scooter by Electric Cycle Company
- 5.13. Lepton Scooter
- 5.14. Electric Vehicle Technologies All Terrain Vehicle (ATV)
- 5.15. The ENV fuel cell motorcycle
- 5.16. The ENV removable 1 KW PEM fuel cell
- 5.17. Experimental Honda fuel cell powered scooter
- 5.18. The new Vectrix "electric hybrid" fuel cell scooter 2005
- 6.1. Global golf car market and allied light industrial vehicle market in 2003
- 6.2. Latest pure electric golf car from Ingersoll Rand
- 6.3. Latest and all terrain vehicle from Ingersoll Rand
- 7.1. An experimental pure EV fuel cell car from Hyundai
- 7.2. Average annual fuel consumption in US gallons by vehicle type
- 7.3. The Ford Escape hybrid SUV now in production
- 7.4. The Nissan Altima hybrid car.
- 7.5. Toyota CS&S concept of a high performance hybrid sports car.
- 7.6. ZAP Worldcar made in China
- 8.1. A Subeo Gemini submarine
- 8.2. The Subeo Gemini front view
- 8.3. Subeo specialist underwater vehicle
- 8.4. Electric deck boat by Leisure Life
- 8.5. Electric launch
- 8.6. Solar powered boats for tourism cruising at 12 kph on Lake Geneva
- 8.7. Bionic Dolphin craft from Tarco Research
- 8.8. Bionic Dolphin two-person electric submarine
- 8.9. The Ocean Explorer AUV
- 8.10. Ocean Voyager II AUV
- 8.11. A British Remote Controlled Mine Destruction Vehicle being lowered into the water.
- 8.12. Personal submarine
- 8.13. Wet submarine
- 8.14. Two-person SportSub submarine
- 8.15. Triton personal submarine
- 8.16. Deep Flight Aviator two-person leisure submarine
- 8.17. Seattle personal luxury submarine by US Submarines
- 8.18. US Submarines main tourist submarine
- 8.19. Sea Scooter by Pro Audio Elite of Italy
- 8.20. Small electric boats for hire
- 8.21. Global marine EV sales (000) 2005 to 2015
- 9.1. Image of the performance at Toyota Pavilion Expo 2005
- 9.2. The Toyota Partner Robot (current development model - several types of robots, updated both
in form and performance appear at EXPO 2005.
- 9.3. The development concept is "Mobility Extending Human Ability" - a
single-passenger, futuristic vehicle that represents further development and evolution of the PM
exhibited at the 2003 Tokyo Motor Show.
- 9.4. Global mobile robot sales (000) 2005 to 2015
- 9.5. The new Electrolux Automower
- 9.6. Robots for Mars
- 9.7. Mission Scenario To Aid Technology Development
- 9.8. Robot Work Crew
- 9.9. Global toy EV sales (000) 2005 to 2015
- 9.10. Global mining and other EV sales (000) 2005 to 2015
- 10.1. Fuel cell powered Aggressor AMV
- 10.2. The URBIE reconnaissance robot
- 10.3. An example of a Spider Bot
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