Brand Enhancement by Electronics in Packaging 2010-2020

Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

• 1.1. Types of packaging
  • 1.1.1. Demographic timebomb
• 1.2. Historical examples of e-packaging with human interface
  • 1.2.1. Hitachi monochrome reprogrammable phone decoration
  • 1.2.2. Hewlett Packard and Kent Displays color reprogrammable phone decoration
  • 1.2.3. Coypu Rum winking segments
  • 1.2.4. National Football League/Mangia Media talking pizza boxes
  • 1.2.5. Duracell batteries
  • 1.2.6. National Institutes of Health/Fisher Scientific compliance monitoring blisterpack
  • 1.2.7. Novartis/Compliers Group/DCM compliance monitoring blisterpack laminate
  • 1.2.8. Bang & Olufsen Medicom smart blisterpack dispenser
  • 1.2.9. Cloetta bisquit/ACREO winking sign
  • 1.2.10. Aardex compliance monitoring plastic bottle
  • 1.2.11. CVS and other pharmacies across the USA - talking medicine
  • 1.2.12. Coca-Cola talking prizes
  • 1.2.13. Reckitt Benkiser fly seeking spray
  • 1.2.14. VTT Technology beer package game
  • 1.2.15. Procter and Gamble electronic cosmetic pack
• 1.3. Examples of e-packaging without human interface
  • 1.3.1. Findus Bioett time temperature label
  • 1.3.2. Wal-Mart/Tyco ADT anti-theft
  • 1.3.3. Healthcare shippers/KSW Microtec time temperature recorders
  • 1.3.4. Tesco & Metro/Alien Technology RFID for tracking
  • 1.3.5. Kuopio University Hospital blisterpack with electronic feedback buttons
  • 1.3.6. AstraZeneca Trizivir
  • 1.3.7. Purdue Pharma Oxycontin
  • 1.3.8. Pfizer Viagra
  • 1.3.9. Swedish Postal Service and Deutsche Post theft detection
  • 1.3.10. Massachusetts General Hospital blood
  • 1.3.11. Jackson Healthcare Hospitals/Awarepoint real time locating systems
  • 1.3.12. Why e-packaging has been slow to appear
  • 1.3.13. Inadequate market research
  • 1.3.14. Lack of market pull
  • 1.3.15. Wrong priorities by developers - engineering led design
  • 1.3.16. Inadequate cost reduction
  • 1.3.17. Odd inventions not economy of scale/hardware platforms
  • 1.3.18. Failure to solve technical problems
  • 1.3.19. Legal constraints
• 1.4. Why progress is now much faster
  • 1.4.1. Using the nine human senses
  • 1.4.2. AstraZeneca Diprivan chipless RFID
• 1.5. Why basic hardware platforms are essential
  • 1.5.1. Touch and hearing
  • 1.5.2. Smell

2. THE NEED FOR ELECTRONICS IN PACKAGING

• 2.1. Safety
• 2.2. Security and reducing crime
• 2.3. Uniqueness/ product differentiation
• 2.4. Convenience
• 2.5. Leveraging the brand with extra functions, brand enhancement
• 2.6. Merchandising and increasing sales
  • 2.6.2. Attracting attention
  • 2.6.3. Rewards
• 2.7. Entertainment
• 2.8. Error Prevention
• 2.9. Environmental aspects of disposal
• 2.10. Environmental quality control within the package
• 2.11. Quality Assurance
• 2.12. Consumer feedback
• 2.13. Removing tedious procedures
• 2.14. Cost reduction, efficiency and automated data collection

3. THE MAGIC THAT IS BECOMING POSSIBLE

• 3.1.1. Smart substrates
• 3.1.2. Transparent and invisible electronics
• 3.1.3. Tightly rollable electronics
• 3.1.4. Fault tolerant electronics
• 3.1.5. Stretchable and morphing electronics
• 3.1.6. Edible electronics
• 3.1.7. Electronics as art
• 3.1.8. Origami electronics
• 3.1.9. The package becomes the delivery mechanism
• 3.1.10. Electronic release, dispensing and consumer information

4. BASIC HARDWARE PLATFORMS NEEDED BY THE MARKET

• 4.1. Winking image label
• 4.2. Talking label
• 4.3. Recording talking label
• 4.4. Scrolling text label
• 4.5. Timer
• 4.6. Self adjusting use by date
• 4.7. Other sensing electronics
• 4.8. Moving color picture label
• 4.9. Drug and cosmetic delivery system
• 4.10. Ultra low cost printed RFID/EAS label

5. PRECURSORS OF IMPENDING E-PACKAGING CAPABILITIES

6. THE TOOLKIT OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS FOR E-PACKAGING

• 6.1. Challenges of traditional components
• 6.2. Printed and potentially printed electronics
  • 6.2.1. Successes so far
  • 6.2.2. Materials employed
  • 6.2.3. Printing technology employed
  • 6.2.4. Multiple film then components printed on top of each other
• 6.3. Paper vs plastic substrates vs direct printing onto packaging
  • 6.3.1. Paper vs plastic substrates
  • 6.3.2. Electronic displays that can be printed on any surface
• 6.4. Transistors and memory Inorganic
  • 6.4.1. Nanosilicon ink
  • 6.4.2. Zinc oxide based ink
• 6.5. Transistors and memory organic
• 6.6. Displays
  • 6.6.1. Electrophoretic
  • 6.6.2. Thermochromic
  • 6.6.3. Electrochromic
  • 6.6.4. Printed LCD
  • 6.6.5. OLED
  • 6.6.6. Electrowetting
• 6.7. Energy harvesting for packaging
  • 6.7.2. Photovoltaics
  • 6.7.3. Other
• 6.8. Batteries
  • 6.8.2. Single use laminar batteries
  • 6.8.3. Rechargeable laminar batteries
  • 6.8.4. New shapes - laminar and flexible batteries
• 6.9. Transparent batteries and photovoltaics - NEC, Waseda University, AIST
• 6.10. Other important flexible components now available
  • 6.10.1. Capacitors and supercapacitors
• 6.11. Applications
  • 6.11.2. Resistors
  • 6.11.3. Conductive patterns for antennas, identification, keyboards etc.
  • 6.11.4. Programming at manufacturer, purchaser or end user
• 6.12. New types of component - thin and flexible
  • 6.12.1. Memristors
  • 6.12.2. Metamaterials
  • 6.12.3. Thin film lasers, supercabatteries, fuel cells

7. SUPPLIER AND DEVELOPER PROFILES

• 7.1. ACREO
• 7.2. BASF
• 7.3. Blue Spark Technologies USA
• 7.4. CapXX Australia
• 7.5. Cymbet USA
• 7.6. DSM Innovation
• 7.7. Enfucell Finland
• 7.8. Excellatron USA
• 7.9. Fraunhofer Research Institution for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS)
• 7.10. Front Edge Technology USA
• 7.11. Holst Centre Netherlands
• 7.12. Infinite Power Solutions USA
• 7.13. Infratab
• 7.14. Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
• 7.15. Konarka
• 7.16. Kovio
• 7.17. Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA
• 7.18. Mitsubishi
• 7.19. Nano ePrint
• 7.20. NanoGram
• 7.21. National Renewable Energy Laboratory USA
• 7.22. NEC Japan
• 7.23. New University of Lisbon
• 7.24. NTERA
• 7.25. Oak Ridge National Laboratory USA
• 7.26. Panasonic Japan
• 7.27. Planar Energy Devices USA
• 7.28. Plextronics
• 7.29. PolyIC
• 7.30. Power Paper
• 7.31. Prelonic Technologies
• 7.32. Solarmer
• 7.33. Solicore USA
• 7.34. Soligie
• 7.35. Sony Japan
• 7.36. Waseda University

8. MARKET FORECASTS 2010-2020

• 8.1. Ultimate market potential
• 8.2. E-packaging market 2010-2020
• 8.3. Beyond brand enhancement
• 8.4. Pharmaceutical packaging market
• 8.5. Printed electronics market 2009-2019
• 8.6. Battery market for small devices

APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY

APPENDIX 2: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY

TABLES

• 1.1. Bioett first customers
• 1.2. Potential use of packages in exploiting and mimicking human senses.
• 6.1. Comparison between OLEDs and E-Ink of various parameters
• 6.2. Advantages and disadvantages of some options for supplying electricity to small devices
• 6.3. Comparison of flexible photovoltaics technologies suitable for brand enhancement
• 6.4. Printed and thin film battery product and specification comparison
• 6.5. Printed battery materials comparison
• 6.6. The half cell and overall chemical reactions that occur in a Zn/MnO2 battery
• 6.7. Comparison of the three types of capacitor when storing one kilojoule of energy.
• 6.8. Examples of energy density figures for batteries, supercapacitors and other energy sources
• 6.9. Where supercapacitors fit in
• 8.1. Consumer goods market for e-packaging 2010-2020
• 8.2. Total market for e-packaging 2010-2020 in billions of units
• 8.3. Global market for electronic smart packaging based on EAS or RFID in billions of units 2010-2020
• 8.4. Examples of possible sales of electronic smart packaging features in 2015. Usually it will be one per package but not always.
• 8.5. Growth of pharmaceutical packaging industry globally, 2003 to 2014, in billions of US dollars
• 8.6. Split of small device battery market in 2019 by type, giving number, unit value, total value

FIGURES

• 1.1. Dependent elderly as percentage of total population
• 1.2. Reprogrammable electrophoretic decoration on Hitachi mobile phones only needs power when being changed
• 1.3. Reprogrammable display on phone
• 1.4. Duracell batteries/Avery Dennison tester
• 1.5. National Institutes of Health/Fisher Scientific compliance monitoring blisterpack for Azithromycin trials, made by Information Mediary
• 1.6. Compliers Group/ DCM compliance monitoring blisterpack overlay
• 1.7. Bang & Olufsen Medicom compliance monitoring dispenser.
• 1.8. Cloetta
• 1.9. Aardex electronic plastic bottle for drug tablets
• 1.10. Pill bottle with smart label (printed prescription label not shown)
• 1.11. ScripTalk speaker
• 1.12. Electrostatic insect-seeking fly spray in use
• 1.13. Can of insect-seeking fly spray
• 1.14. Knockdown efficiency of SmartSeeker®
• 1.15. VTT Technology beer package game
• 1.16. Electrostatic cosmetic spray
• 1.17. The ionisation technology used for the application of the foundation is illustrated below.
• 1.18. Bioett biosensor TTR
• 1.19. Compliance monitoring blisterpack with electronic feedback
• 1.20. Tamper recording postal package
• 1.21. Paling Risk Scale for major transfusion hazards
• 1.22. SHOT project: cumulative data 1996 to 2001
• 1.23. Increasing errors within hospitals
• 1.24. Safe transfusion: Processes not just product
• 1.25. Automated warning generated when a possible mis-match of blood and patient occurs
• 1.26. RFID on blood container, next to interrogator
• 1.27. Blood labelled with RFID chip
• 1.28. Some successes with packaging electronics that does not employ transistors
• 1.29. Fully printed passive RFID, HurraFussball card bottom right
• 1.30. Talking/ recording circuit as used in pizza boxes and gift cards, including Hallmark
• 1.31. Talking circuit as used in pizza boxes and gift cards
• 1.32. Hybrid devices used in packages, where the use of non-printing processes, silicon chips and some conventional components limits their success due to price, weight and size.
• 1.33. Remotely powered displays that could be used in packaging but a fully printed construction for the power supply not just the display is desirable for high volume use
• 1.34. Box of cereal with moving colour displays as envisaged in "Minority Report"
• 1.35. Objectives of the EC Sustainpack project
• 1.36. Paper food package with printed touch sensor and animated display with sound playback produced under the Sustainpack project.
• 1.37. Diprivan® TCI tag construction
• 1.38. Tagged syringe and Diprifusor™
• 1.39. Interactive paper
• 1.40. Touch-sensor pads and wiring printed in interactive paper
• 1.41. Experimental set up and demonstration
• 1.42. Pressure sensitive film used in smart blisterpack by Plastic Electronic

• 2.1. CDT arguments for printed OLEDs
• 2.2. Interactive shelf-package concept
• 2.3. Concept of a disposable pack that can project a moving colour image onto a wall.
• 2.4. Speaking pot noodle that detects the hot water being applied and then monitors temperature or time.
• 2.5. Toppan forms smart shop
• 2.6. Concept of a valuable packaging tearoff.

• 3.1. Transparent electronics - a new packaging paradigm
• 3.2. Stretchable electronics developed at Cambridge University UK
• 3.3. Stretchable mesh of transistors connected by elastic conductors that were made at the University of Tokyo.
• 3.4. Reshaped electronics developed at Cambridge University UK.
• 3.5. Origami electronics
• 3.6. eFlow nebuliser as used by AstraZeneca - a candidate for cost reduction to the point where it is disposable and comes with the drug inside.

• 4.1. Voice recording gift tag by Talking Tags
• 4.2. Concept of a drug container that prompts
• 4.3. Concept of a voice recording gift pack.
• 4.4. Manually activated disposable paper timer for packaging
• 4.5. Concept of an electronic package that has a blinking display and various safety sensors.
• 4.6. Concept of packaging preventing a health risk
• 4.7. Electronic printed pain relief patch electronically delivering painkiller

• 5.1. Examples of electronic devices coming down market with packaging a next possibility.

• 6.1. Evolution of printed electronics geometry
• 6.2. Multilayer interconnect development at Holst Research Centre
• 6.3. TFT Structure Completely by Selective Area ALD
• 6.4. Categories of organic semiconductor with examples and a picture of a Plastic Logic printed organic transistor
• 6.5. The principle behind E-Ink' s technology
• 6.6. Electrophoretic display on Esquire magazine October 2008
• 6.7. Electrophoretic display on pricing label
• 6.8. Electrophoretic display on key fob
• 6.9. Shelf edge labels using electrophoretic displays
• 6.10. Color electrophoretics by Fujitsu
• 6.11. Game in secondary packaging by VTT Technology using thermochromic display
• 6.12. ACREO PEDOT PSS electrochromic blue display with limited bistable capability. A different message appears when the reverse nine volts is applied.
• 6.13. Aveso display before the 1.5 volts bias is applied
• 6.14. Aveso display after the 1.5 volts bias is applied
• 6.15. How traditional electrochromic ink works
• 6.16. How Commotion proprietary inks work
• 6.17. Color LCD by photo alignment
• 6.18. Photo alignment of LCD
• 6.19. The HKUST optical rewriting
• 6.20. Color printable flexible LCD
• 6.21. Basic structure of an OLED
• 6.22. Process flow in manufacture of OLEDs
• 6.23. A Cambridge Display Technology colour OLED display
• 6.24. Comparison of different printing techniques for OLED frontplanes, as evaluated by Seiko Epson
• 6.25. Droplet driven electrowetting displays from adt, Germany
• 6.26. Energy harvesting challenges
• 6.27. Rapid progress in the capabilities of small electronic devices and their photovoltaic energy harvesting contrasted with more modest progress in improving the batteries they employ
• 6.28. Power in use vs duty cycle for portable and mobile devices showing zones of use of single use vs rechargeable batteries
• 6.29. Enfucell SoftBattery™
• 6.30. Blue Spark laminar battery
• 6.31. Blue Spark battery printing machine
• 6.32. Power Paper battery cross section
• 6.33. Power paper battery and skin patch
• 6.34. Power Paper battery printing machine
• 6.35. Smart patches
• 6.36. Volumetric energy density vs gravimetric energy density for rechargeable batteries
• 6.37. Laminar lithium ion battery
• 6.38. Typical active RFID tag showing the problematic coin cells
• 6.39. Construction of a lithium rechargeable laminar battery
• 6.40. Reel to reel construction of rechargeable laminar lithium batteries
• 6.41. Infinite Power Solutions laminar lithium battery
• 6.42. Ultra thin lithium rechargeable battery
• 6.43. Construction of a thin-film battery
• 6.44. Battery assisted passive RFID label with rechargeable thin film lithium battery recording time-temperature profile of food, blood etc in transit
• 6.45. Flexible battery made of nanotube ink
• 6.46. Transparent flexible photovoltaics
• 6.47. Flexible battery that charges in one minute
• 6.48. E-labels with capacitor and no battery
• 6.49. Energy density vs power density for storage devices
• 6.50. Laminar supercapacitor one millimeter thick
• 6.51. Mobile phone modified to give much brighter flash thanks to supercapacitor outlined in red
• 6.52. Flexographically printed carbon resistors with silver interconnects
• 6.53. Actuator/ push button - two printed patterns folded together
• 6.54. Screen printed interconnects and actuator connects.
• 6.55. Other printed conductor pattern demonstrators
• 6.56. Menippos gaming card showing conductive pattern
• 6.57. Copper ink particles
• 6.58. Programmability of potential e-labels through the value chain
• 6.59. Memristor
• 6.60. Microwave metamaterial

• 7.1. Distribution and primary focus of 2250 developers of printed and potentially printed electronics. Many are developing a variety of printed components, their machinery or their materials.
• 7.2. Paper roulette card with simulated spinning wheel for game
• 7.3. ACREO development process
• 7.4. ACREO Technology
• 7.5. ACREO microphones
• 7.6. ACREO sensors
• 7.7. ACREO production
• 7.8. ACREO focus on e-packaging
• 7.9. Demonstrator organic transistor
• 7.10. The Cymbet EnerChip™
• 7.11. Thin-film solid-state batteries by Excellatron
• 7.12. Ultra low cost printed battery
• 7.13. NanoEnergy® powering a blue LED
• 7.14. DSP= digital signal processing.
• 7.15. New time temperature recording label from Infratab
• 7.16. Conventional and integrated OPV
• 7.17. NTERA electrochromic display on flexible film
• 7.18. New Planar Energy Devices high capacity laminar battery
• 7.19. PolyIC organic transistor circuits
• 7.20. Prelonic produces integrated and printed electronic modules
• 7.21. Prelonic Translator Module
• 7.22. Prelonic printed battery tester
• 7.23. Flexion ™
• 7.24. Waseda founder

• 8.1. Cost per square centimeter and functionality
• 8.2. Consumer goods market for e-packaging devices in numbers billion 2010-2020
• 8.3. Total market for e-packaging 2010-2020 in billions of units by market sector
• 8.4. Global market for electronic smart packaging based on EAS and RFID in billions of units 2010-2020
• 8.5. Market for printed and potentially printed electronics in 2009