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> Cell Therapy - Technologies, Markets and Companies
Market Research Report
Cell Therapy - Technologies, Markets and Companies
Published by
Jain Pharmabiotech
Published
2009/11
Content info
Product code
JAI70916
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Table of Contents
Part I
0. Executive Summar 21
1. Introduction to Cell Therap 25
Introductio 25
Historical landmarks of cell therap 25
Interrelationship of cell therapy technologie 27
Cells and organ transplantatio 27
Cells and protein/gene therap 28
Cell therapy and regenerative medicin 29
Cells therapy and tissue engineerin 29
Therapy based on cells involved in diseas 30
Advantages of therapeutic use of cell 30
Use of cells for improving drug deliver 31
2. Cell Therapy Technologie 33
Introductio 33
Cell types used for therap 33
Sources of cell 33
Xenograft 34
Cell line 34
Immortalized cell 34
Blood component therap 34
Therapeutic apheresi 34
Leukoreductio 35
Platelet therap 35
Basic technologies for cell therap 36
Cell cultur 36
Observation of stem cell growth and viabilit 36
Companies involved in cell cultur 36
Cell sortin 38
Flow cytometr 38
A dielectrophoretic system for cell separatio 39
Molecular beacons for specific detection and isolation of stem cell 39
Multitarget magnetic activated cell sorte 39
Nanocytometr 40
Companies supplying cell sorter 40
Dynabead technology for cell sortin 41
ALDESORTER system for isolation of stem cell 41
Adult stem cell sorting by identification of surface marker 42
Cell analysi 42
Preservation of cell 43
Innovations in cryopreservatio 43
Packaging of cell 43
Selective expansion of T cells for immunotherap 44
Cloning and cell therap 44
Techniques for cell manipulatio 45
Cell-based drug discover 45
Cells as vehicles for drug deliver 48
Drug delivery systems for cell therap 48
Intravenous delivery of stem cell 48
Pharmacologically active microcarrier 49
Devices for delivery of cell therap 49
Artificial cell 50
Applications of artificial cell 50
Cell encapsulatio 50
Diffusion capsule for cell 51
Encapsulated cell biodeliver 51
Therapeutic applications of encapsulated cell 52
Nitric oxide delivery by encapsulated cell 53
Implantation of microencapulated genetically modified cell 54
Ferrofluid microcapsules for tracking with MR 54
Companies involved in encapsulated cell technolog 54
Electroporatio 55
Gene therap 56
Cell-mediated gene therap 56
Fibroblast 56
Chondrocyt 57
Skeletal muscle cell 57
Vascular smooth muscle cell 58
Keratinocyte 58
Hepatocyte 58
Lymphocyte 59
Mammalian artificial chromosome 59
In vivo tracking of cell 59
Molecular imaging for tracking cell 59
MRI technologies for tracking cell 60
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as MRI contrast agent 61
Visualization of gene expression in vivo by MR 61
Role of nanobiotechnology in development of cell therap 61
Cell transplantation for development of organ 62
Cells transplantation and toleranc 62
Strategies to improve tolerance of transplanted cell 63
Encapsulation to prevent immune rejectio 63
Prevention of rejection of xenotransplant 63
Removal and replacement of pathogenic cells of the bod 64
Therapeutic leukocytapheresi 64
3. Stem Cell 65
Introductio 65
Biology of stem cell 66
Embryonic stem cell 66
Growth and differentiation of ESC 66
Regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiatio 67
Role of Pax3 in stem cell differentiatio 67
ESCs and signaling pathway 68
Genetic signature of of stem cell 68
Epigenetics of hESC 68
Chromatin as gene regulator for ESC developmen 69
Mechanism of differentiation of ESC 69
Chemical regulation of stem cell differentiatio 70
Comparison of development of human and mouse ESC 70
In vitro differentiation of hESC 70
Global transcription in pluripotent ESC 71
Signaling pathways and transcription factors in ESC 71
Stem cells in the pituitary glan 71
hESCs in stead of oocytes for reprogramming human somatic nucle 72
Mechanism of regulation of stem cells for regeneration of body tissue 72
Role of microenvironments in the regulation of stem cell 72
Regulation and regeneration of intestinal stem cell 73
Parthenogenesis and human stem cell 73
Uniparental ESC 74
Bone marrow stem cell 74
Hematopoietic stem cell 74
Role of HSCs in the immune syste 76
Derivation of HSCs from ESC 76
Mesenchymal stem cell 77
Multipotent adult progenitor cell 78
Side population (SP) stem cell 79
Differentiation of adult stem cell 79
Growth and differentiation of HSC 80
Signaling pathways in the growth and differentiation of HSC 80
Mathematical modeling of differentiation of HSC 80
Role of prions in self renewal of HSC 81
Sources of stem cell 81
Sources of of human embryonic stem cell 81
Nuclear transfer to obtain hESC 82
Direct derivation of hESCs from embryos without nuclear transfe 83
Alternative methods of obtaining hESC 83
Establishing hESC lines without destruction of embry 83
Altered nuclear transfe 84
Small embryonic-like stem cell 85
Advantages and disadvantages of ESCs for transplantatio 85
Use of ESC cultures as an alternative source of tissue for transplantatio 85
Spermatogonial stem cell 86
Amniotic fluid as a source of stem cell 87
Placenta as source of stem cell 87
Amnion-derived multipotent progenitor cell 87
Placenta as a source of HSC 88
Umbilical cord as a source of MSC 88
Umbilical cord blood as source of neonatal stem cell 88
Cryopreservation of UCB stem cell 89
UCB as source of MSC 90
Applications of UC 90
Advantages of UC 90
Limitations of the use of UC 91
Licensing and patent disputes involving UC 92
Infections following UCB transplant 92
Unanswered questions about UCB transplantatio 93
Companies involved in UCB bankin 93
UCB banking in the U 94
US national UCB banking syste 95
Future prospects of UCB as a source of stem cell 96
Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from human somatic cell 96
Characteristics of iPSC 97
Use of retroviral vectors for generation of iPSC 97
Use of non-integrating viral vectors for generation of iPSC 98
iPSCs derived from bloo 98
iPSCs derived from ski 98
Clinical relevance of iPSC 99
Sources of adult human stem cell 99
Adipose tissue as a source of stem cell 99
Transforming adult adipose stem cells into other cell 100
iPSCs derived from adult human adipose stem cell 100
Skin as a source of stem cell 100
Follicle stem cell 100
Mesenchymal stem cells in ski 101
Epidermal neural crest stem cell 101
Regulation of stem cells in hair follicle 102
Controlling the maturation of embryonic skin stem cell 102
Stem cells in teet 102
Peripheral blood stem cell 103
Spleen as a source of adult stem cell 104
Search for master stem cell 104
Adult stem cells vs embryonic stem cell 104
Transdifferentiation potential of adult stem cell 105
Neural crest stem cells from adult hair follicle 106
Stem cells obtained from blood in adult 106
VENT cell 107
Stem cell technologie 107
Analysis of stem cell growth and differentiatio 107
Tracking self-renewal and expansion of transplanted muscle stem cell 108
Stem cell biomarker 108
Endoglin as a functional biomarker of HSC 108
STEMPRO&rec; EZChek™ for analysis of biomarkers of hESC 109
SSEA-4 as biomarker of MSC 109
p75NTR as a biomarker to isolate adipose tissue-derived stem cell 109
Neural stem cell biomarke 109
Protein expression profile as biomarker of stem cell 110
Real-time PCR for quantification of protein biomarker 110
Study of stem cell gene 110
Gene inactivation to study hESC 111
RNAi to study gene inactivation in hESC 111
Study of ESC development by inducible RNA 112
Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genome 112
Homologous recombination of ESC 112
Immortalization of hESCs by telomeras 112
Gene modification in genomes of hESCs and hiPSCs using zinc-finger nucleas 113
miRNA and stem cell 113
Role of miRNAs in gene regulation during stem cell differentiatio 114
Influence of miRNA on stem cell formation and maintenanc 114
Transcriptional regulators of ESCs control miRNA gene expressio 115
Stem cells and clonin 115
Cell nuclear replacement and clonin 115
Nuclear transfer and ESC 115
Cloning from differentiated cell 117
Cloning mice from adult stem cell 117
Creating interspecies stem cell 118
Cloned cells for transplantation medicin 118
Claims of cloning of hESC 118
Cytogenetics of embryonic stem cell 120
Engraftment, mobilization and expansion of stem cell 120
Adipogenesis induced by adipose tissue-derived stem cell 121
Antisense approach for preservation and expansion of stem cell 121
Enhancement of HSC engraftment by calcium-sensing recepto 122
Enhancement of stem cell differentiation by Homsper 122
Ex vivo expansion of human HSCs in cultur 123
Ex vivo expansion of MSC 123
Expansion of HSCs in culture by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenas 124
Expansion of adult stem cells by activation of Oct 124
Expansion of transduced HSCs in viv 124
Mobilization of HSCs by growth factor 125
Mobilization of stem cells by cytokines/chemokine 125
Mobilization of adult human HSCs by use of inhibitor 126
Mobilization of stem cells by HYC75 126
Mobilization of stem cells by hyperbaric oxyge 127
Mobilization by adenoviral vectors expressing angiogenic factor 127
Selective mobilization of progenitor cells from bone marro 128
Selective Amplificatio 128
Stem cell mobilization by acetylcholine receptor agonist 128
Use of parathyroid hormone to increase HSC mobilzatio 129
Expansion of stem cells in vivo by Notch receptor ligand 129
Technologies for inducing differentiation of stem cell 129
Use of lineage selection to induce differentiation of hESC 129
Growth factor-induced differentiation of MAPC 129
Neurotrophin-mediated survival and differentiation of hESC 130
Generation of RBCs from hematopoietic stem cell 130
Generation of multiple types of WBCs from hESCs and iPSC 130
Use of RNAi to expand the plasticity of autologous adult stem cell 131
Use of carbohydrate molecules to induce differentiation of stem cell 131
Mechanical strain to induce MSC differentiatio 131
Limitations of the currently available stem cell lines in the U 132
Contaminating material in stem cell culture and measures to eliminate i 132
Stem cell separatio 133
Stem cell cultur 134
Conversion of stem cells to functioning adipocyte 134
Mass production of ESC 135
Promoting survival of dissociated hESC 135
Analysis and characterization of stem cell 135
Havesting and identification of EPC 136
Labeling of stem cell 136
Quantum dots for labeling hMSC 137
Imaging and tracking of stem cells in viv 137
Quantum dot imaging for ESC 137
Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles to track therapeutic cells in viv 137
Project for imaging in stem cell therapy researc 138
Applications of stem cell 138
Controlling the maintenance process of hematopoietic stem cell 139
Peripheral blood stem cell transplantatio 139
Complications of PBSC transplantation in childre 139
Stem cell transplantation for radiation sicknes 140
Stem cells and human reproductio 140
Expansion of spermatogonial stem cell 140
Conversion of ESCs into spermatogonial stem cell 140
Conversion of stem cells to oocyte 141
ESCs for treatment of infertility in wome 141
Cloning human embryos from oocytes matured in the laborator 142
In utero stem cell transplantatio 142
Innovations in delivery of stem cell 143
Immunological aspects of hESC transplantatio 143
Immunosuppression to prevent rejection of hESC transplant 144
Histocompatibility of hESC 144
Strategies for promoting immune tolerance of hESC 144
Stem cells for organ vascularizatio 145
Activation of EphB4 to enhance angiogenesis by EPC 146
Biofusion by genetically engineering stem cell 146
Stem cell gene therap 146
Combination of gene therapy with nuclear transfe 147
Gene delivery to stem cells by artificial chromosome expressio 147
Genetic manipulation of ESC 147
HSCs for gene therap 148
Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors for gene transfer in ESC 148
Lentiviral vectors for in vivo gene transfer to stem cell 149
Linker based sperm-mediated gene transfer technolog 149
Mesenchymal stem cells for gene therap 149
Molecular vibration for gene transfe 150
Regulation of gene expression for SC-based gene therap 150
Stem cells and in utero gene therap 150
Therapeutic applications for hematopoietic stem cell gene transfe 151
The future of hematopoietic stem cell gene therap 151
Stem cell pharmaceutic 151
Stem cells for drug discover 151
Advantages of using stem cells for drug discover 152
Role of stem cells in therapeutic effects of drug 152
Hepatocytes derived from hESC 153
Cardiomyocytes derived from hESC 153
ESCs as source of models for drug discover 154
Engineered stem cells for drug delivery to the brai 155
Use of ESCs for toxicology and drug safety studie 155
European projects for safety testing of drugs using ESC 156
Pharmaceutical manipulation of stem cell 157
Adverse effects of drugs on stem cell 159
Future challenges for stem cell technologie 159
Study of the molecular mechanism of cell differentiatio 159
MBD3-deficient ESC lin 160
In vivo study of human hemopoietic stem cell 160
Stem cell biology and cance 160
Research into plasticity of stem cells from adult 161
Stem cells and agin 161
Activation of bone marrow stem cells into therapeutic cell 162
Role of nitric oxide in stem cell mobilization and differentiatio 162
Stem cell gene 163
Gene expression in hESC 163
The casanova gene in zebrafis 164
Nanog gen 164
Stem cell proteomic 165
hESC phosphoproteom 166
Proteomic studies of mesenchymal stem cell 166
Proteomic profiling of neural stem cell 166
Proteome Biology of Stem Cells Initiativ 167
Genomic alterations in cultured hESC 167
Hybrid embryos/cybrids for stem cell researc 167
Generation of patient-specific pluripotent stem cell 168
Markers for characterizing hESC line 169
Stem cell research at academic center 169
International Regulome Consortiu 171
Companies involved in stem cell technologie 171
Concluding remarks about stem cell 176
Challenges and future prospects of stem cell researc 176
4. Clinical Applications of Cell Therap 179
Introductio 179
Cell therapy for hematological disorder 179
Transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cell 179
Hemophilia 179
Ex vivo cell/gene therapy of hemophilia 179
Cell/gene therapy of hemophilia 180
Hematopoietic stem cell therapy for thrombocytopeni 181
Stem cell transplant for sickle cell anemi 181
Treatment of chronic acquired anemia 181
Implantation of genetically engineered HSCs to deliver rhEp 182
Drugs acting on stem cells for treatment of anemi 182
Stem cell therapy of hemoglobinopathie 182
Stem cells for treatment of immunoglobulin-light chain amyloidosi 183
Future prospects of cell therapy of hematological disorder 183
Cell therapy for immunological disorder 184
Role of dendritic cells in the immune syste 184
Modifying immune responses of DCs by vaccination with lipiodol-siRNA mixture 184
Stem cell therapy of chronic granulomatous diseas 185
Stem cell therapy of X-linked severe combined immunodeficienc 185
Stem cell therapy of autoimmune disorder 185
Treatment of Crohn' s disease with stem cell 186
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with stem cell 186
Stem cell transplants for scleroderm 186
Role of T-Cells in immunological disorder 187
Autologous T-cells from adult stem cell 188
Cell therapy for graft vs host diseas 188
Cell therapy for viral infection 189
T-cell therapy for CM 189
T-cell therapy for HIV infectio 189
T-cell immunity by Overlapping Peptide-pulsed Autologous Cell 190
Anti-HIV ribozyme delivered in hematopoietic progenitor cell 190
Dendritic-cell targeted DNA vaccine for HI 190
Cell therapy of lysosomal storage disease 191
Niemann-Pick diseas 191
Gaucher' s diseas 192
Fabry' s diseas 192
Cell therapy for diabetes mellitu 193
Limitations of current treatmen 193
Limitations of insulin therapy for diabetes mellitu 193
Limitations of pancreatic transplantatio 194
Islet cell transplantatio 194
Autologous pancreatic islet cell transplantation in chronic pancreatiti 194
Clinical trials of pancreatic islet cell transplants for diabete 195
Drawbacks of islet cell therap 195
Use of an antioxidant peptide to improve islet cell transplantatio 196
Cdk-6 and cyclin D1 enhance human beta cell replication and functio 196
A device for delivery of therapeutic cells in diabete 197
Monitoring of islet cell transplants with MR 197
Concluding remarks about allogeneic islet transplantation for diabete 197
Encapsulation of insulin producing cell 198
Encapsulated porcine pancreatic islet cells for pancrea 198
Encapsulated insulinoma cell 198
Magnetocapsule enables imaging/tracking of islet cell transplant 198
Islet precursor cell 199
Dedifferentiation of β cells to promote regeneratio 200
Xenotransplantation of embryonic pancreatic tissu 200
Non-pancreatic tissues for generation of insulin-producing cell 200
Exploiting maternal microchimerism to treat diabetes in the chil 201
Bio-artificial substitutes for pancrea 201
Role of stem cells in the treatment of diabete 201
Pancreatic stem cell 201
Embryonic stem cells for diabete 202
Isolation of islet progenitor cell 203
Expansion of pancreatic progenitor cells in vitr 203
Human neural progenitor cells converted into insulin-producing cell 204
Insulin-producing cells derived from UCB stem cell 204
Stem cell injection into portal vein of diabetic patient 205
HSC transplantation to supplement immunosuppressant therap 205
Dendritic cell-based therapy for type 1 diabete 205
Gene therapy in diabete 206
Viral vectors for gene therapy of diabete 206
Genetically engineered dendritic cell 206
Genetically altered liver cell 207
Genetically modified stem cell 207
Companies developing cell therapy for diabete 207
Concluding remarks about cell and gene therapy of diabete 208
Cell therapy for liver disorder 209
Types of cells and methods of delivery for hepatic disorder 210
Bioartificial live 211
Limitations of bioartificial live 211
Stem cells for hepatic disorder 211
Deriving hepatocytes from commercially available hMSC 212
Implantation of hepatic cells derived from hMSCs of adipose tissu 213
MSC derived molecules for reversing hepatic failur 213
Cell-based gene therapy for liver disorder 213
Transplantation of genetically modified fibroblast 214
Transplantation of genetically modified hepatocyte 214
Intraperitoneal hepatocyte transplantatio 214
Genetically modified hematopoietic stem cell 214
Clinical application 215
Future prospects of cell-based therapy of hepatic disorder 215
Cell therapy of renal disorder 216
Bioartificial kidne 216
Bone marrow stem cells for renal diseas 216
Human stem cells to prevent end stage renal diseas 217
Role of stem cells in renal repai 217
Cell-based repair for vascular access failure in renal diseas 217
Mesangial cell therap 218
Cell therapy for pulmonary disorder 218
Delivery of cell therapy for pumonary disorder 218
Intratracheal injection of cells for pulmonary hypoplasi 218
Role of stem cells in pulmonary disorder 218
Lung tissue regeneration from stem cell 219
Role of stem cells in construction of the Cyberlun 219
Respiratory epithelial cells derived from UCB stem cell 219
Respiratory epithelial cells derived from hESC 220
Lung tissue engineering with adipose stromal cell 220
Cell-based tissue-engineering of airwa 221
Pulmonary disorders that are treatable by stem cell 221
Acute lung injury and ARDS treated with MSC 222
Cystic fibrosis treatment with genetically engineered MSC 222
Pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment with EPC 222
Cell therapy for disorders of bones and joint 223
Repair of fractures and bone defect 223
Adult stem cells for bone graftin 225
Stem cells for repairing skull defect 225
Mesenchymal stem cells for repair of bones and joint 225
Osteoce 227
Cell therapy for osteonecrosi 228
Intrauterine use of MSCs for osteogenesis imperfect 228
Stem cell-based bone tissue engineerin 229
In vivo bone engineering as an alternative to cell transplantatio 229
Osteoarthritis and other injuries to the joint 230
Mosaicplast 230
Autologous cultured chondrocyte 230
Autologous intervertebral disc chondrocyte transplantatio 231
Cartilage repair by genetically modified fibroblasts expressing TGF-&beta 232
Generation of cartilage from stem cell 233
Role of cell therapy in repair of knee cartilage injurie 234
Role of cells in the repair of anterior cruciate ligament injur 236
Autologous tenocyte implantation in rotator cuff injury repai 236
Platelet injection for tennis elbo 236
Cell therapy of rheumatoid arthriti 237
Cell therapy for regeneratio 237
Stem cells for regeneratio 237
Stem cells for regenerating organ 238
Umbilical cord blood for regeneratio 239
Promotion of regeneration by Wnt/beta-catenin signalin 239
Role of stem cells in regeneration of esophageal epitheliu 239
Cell therapy for regeneration of muscle wastin 240
MSCs for regeneration of ovaries following radiotherapy damag 240
Wound healing: skin and soft tissue repai 240
Cells to form skin substitutes for healing ulcer 241
CellSpray for wound repai 242
Role of follicular stem cells in skin and wound repai 242
Cell therapy for burn 243
Genetically engineered cells for wound repai 244
Cell therapy for corneal repai 244
Closure of incisions with laser guns and cell 245
Repair of aging skin by injecting autologous fibroblast 246
Role of cells in tissue engineering and reconstructive surger 246
Stem cells for tissue repai 246
Scaffolds for tissue engineerin 247
Improving vascularization of engineered tissue 247
Enhancing vascularization by combining cell and gene therap 248
Choosing cells for tissue engineerin 248
ESCs vs adult SCs for tissue engineerin 248
Use of adult MSCs for tissue engineerin 249
Nanobiotechnology applied to cells for tissue engineerin 249
Stem cells for tissue engineering of various organ 250
Engineering of healthy living teeth from stem cell 250
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells for breast reconstructio 251
Improving tissue engineering of bone by MSC 251
Intra-uterine repair of congenital defects using amniotic fluid MSC 252
Cell-based tissue engineering in genitourinary syste 252
Urinary incontinenc 252
Tissue engineering of urinary bladde 254
Label retaining urothelial cells for bladder repai 254
Repair of the pelvic floor with stem cells from the uteru 254
Reconstruction of vagina from stem cell 255
Facial skin regeneration by stem cells as an alternative to face transplan 255
Cell therapy for rejuvenatio 255
Cell therapy for performance enhancement in sport 255
Application of stem cells in veterinary medicin 256
Use of stem cells to repair tendon injurie 256
Stem cells for spinal cord injury in dog 257
5. Cell Therapy for Cardiovascular Disorder 259
Introduction to cardiovascular disorder 259
Limitations of current therapies for myocardial ischemic diseas 259
Tyes of cell therapy for cardiovascular disorder 259
Cell-mediated immune modulation for chronic heart diseas 260
Role of splenic myocytes in repair of the injured hear 261
Human cardiovascular progenitor cell 261
Inducing the proliferation of cardiomyocyte 262
Small molecules to enhance myocardial repair by stem cell 262
Cell therapy for atherosclerotic coronary artery diseas 262
MyoCell"! (Bioheart 263
Cardiac stem cell 263
Cardiomyocytes derived from epicardiu 264
Methods of delivery of cells to the hear 264
Cellular cardiomyoplast 265
IGF-1 delivery by nanofibers to improve cell therapy for M 265
Non-invasive delivery of cells to the heart by MorphRguide cathete 265
Cell therapy for cardiac revascularizatio 265
Transplantation of cardiac progenitor cells for revascularization of myocardiu 265
Stem cells to prevent restenosis after coronary angioplast 266
Role of cells in cardiac tissue repai 267
Transplantation of myoblasts for myocardial infarctio 267
Patching myocardial infarction with fibroblast cultur 268
Cardiac repair with myoendothelial cells from skeletal muscl 268
Myocardial tissue engineerin 268
Role of stem cells in repair of the hear 269
Role of stem cells in cardiac regeneration following injur 269
Cardiomyocytes derived from ESC 270
Studies to identify subsets of progenitor cells suitable for cardiac repai 271
Technologies for preparation of stem cells for cardiovascular therap 272
Pravastatin for expansion of endogenous progenitor and stem cell 272
Cytokine preconditioning of human fetal liver CD133+ SC 272
Expansion of adult cardiac stem cells for transplantatio 273
Role of ESCs in repair of the hear 273
ESC transplantation for tumor-free repair of the hear 274
Transplantation of stem cells for acute myocardial infarctio 274
Autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell therapeutic 274
Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal precursor stem cell 275
Transplantation of cord blood stem cell 275
Transplantation of hESC 275
Transplantation of HSC 276
Transplantation of autologous angiogenic cell precursor 277
Transplantation of adipose-derived stem cell 277
Intracoronary infusion of bone marrow-derived cells for AM 278
Intracoronary infusion of mobilized peripheral blood stem cell 278
Transplantation of endothelial cell 279
Transplantation of cardiomyocytes differentiated from hESC 279
Stem cell therapy for cardiac regeneratio 279
Regeneration of the chronic myocardial infarcts by HSC therap 279
Human mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac regeneratio 280
In vivo tracking of MSCs transplanted in the hear 281
MSCs for hibernating myocardiu 281
Simultaneous transplantation of MSCs and skeletal myoblast 282
Transplantation of genetically modified cell 282
Transplantation of genetically modified MSC 282
Transplantation of cells secreting vascular endothelial growth facto 282
Transplantation of genetically modified bone marrow stem cell 283
Cell transplantation for congestive heart failur 283
Myoblasts for treatment of congestive heart failur 283
Injection of adult stem cells for congestive heart failur 284
AngioCell gene therapy for congestive heart failur 284
Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiac myopath 285
Role of cell therapy in cardiac arrhythmia 285
Atrioventricular conduction bloc 286
Genetically engineered cells as biological pacemaker 286
Ventricular tachycardi 287
Prevention of myoblast-induced arrhythmias by genetic engineerin 287
ESCs for correction of congenital heart defect 288
Cardiac progenitors cells for treatment of heart diseas 288
Autologus stem cells for chronic myocardial ischemi 289
Role of cells in cardiovascular tissue engineerin 289
Construction of blood vessels with cell 289
Targeted delivery of endothelial progenitor cells labeled with nanoparticle 290
Fetal cardiomyocytes seeding in tissue-engineered cardiac graft 290
UCB progenitor cells for engineering heart valve 290
Stem cell therapy for peripheral vascular diseas 291
Clinical trials of cell therapy in cardiovascular diseas 292
Mechanism of the benefit of cell therapy for heart diseas 294
A critical evaluation of cell therapy for heart diseas 295
Publications of clinical trials of cell therapy for CV 295
Future directions for cell therapy of CV 296
Prospects of adult stem cell therapy for repair of hear 296
Regeneration of cardiomyocytes without use of cardiac stem cell 297
6. Cell Therapy for Cance 299
Introductio 299
Cell therapy technologies for cance 299
Cellular immunotherapy for cance 300
Treatments for cancer by ex vivo mobilization of immune cell 300
Granulocytes as anticancer agent 301
Neutrophil granulocytes in antibody-based immunotherapy of cance 301
Cancer vaccine 302
Autologous tumor cell vaccine 302
Vaccines that simultaneously target different cancer antigen 303
Gene modified cancer cells vaccine 303
GVAX cancer vaccine 303
Active immunotherapy based on antigen specific to the tumo 304
The use of dendritic cells for cancer vaccinatio 304
Basics of dendritic cell vaccine 304
Preclinical and clinical studies with DC vaccine 304
In vivo manipulation of dendritic cell 305
Autologous dendritic cells loaded ex vivo with telomerase mRN 305
Dendritic/tumor cell fusio 305
Genetically modified dendritic cell 306
Limitations of DC vaccines for cance 307
Future developments to enhance clinical efficacy of DC vaccine 307
Lymphocyte-based cancer therapie 308
Adoptive immunotherap 308
Rescue of CD8+ T cells for use in tumor immunotherap 309
Expansion of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte 310
Genetically targeted T cells for treating B cell malignancie 310
Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte 311
Genetic engineering of tumor cell 311
Hybrid cell vaccinatio 312
Stem cell-based anticancer therapie 312
Stem cell transplantation in cance 312
Peripheral blood stem cell transplantatio 312
Autologous stem cell transplantatio 314
Complications of stem cell transplants in cance 315
Long-term results of HSC transplantatio 316
Prediction of T-cell reconstitution after HSC transplantatio 316
HSC transplantation followed by GM-CSF-secreting cell vaccine 317
Role of mesenchymal stem cells in cance 317
Nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantatio 318
Umbilical cord blood transplant for leukemi 318
hESC-derived NK cells for treatment of cance 319
ESC vaccine for prevention of lung cance 319
Genetic modification of stem cells for cancer therap 320
Genetic modification of hematopoietic stem cell 320
Use of hematopoietic stem cells to deliver suicide genes to tumor 320
Delivery of anticancer agents by genetically engineered MSC 320
Mesenchymal progenitor cells for delivery of oncolytic adenoviruse 321
Genetically modified NSCs for treatment of neuroblastom 321
Innovations in cell-based therapy of cance 322
Use of immortalized cell 322
Cancer therapy based on natural killer cell 322
Mesothelin as a target for cancer immunotherap 322
Nanomagnets for targeted cell-based cancer gene therap 323
Implantation of genetically modified encapsulated cells for anticancer therap 323
Antiangiogenesis therapy by implantation of microencapsulated cell 323
Recombinant tumor cells secreting fusion protei 323
NovaCaps® for pancreatic cance 324
A device for filtering cancer and stem cells in the bloo 324
Cancer stem cell 324
Role of integrative nuclear signaling in stem cell developmen 325
Cancer stem cell marker 325
Breast cancer stem cell 325
Role of intestinal stem cells in intestinal polyposi 326
Role of endothelial progenitor cells in tumor angiogenesi 326
Role of cancer stem cells in metastase 327
Therapeutic implications of cancer stem cell 327
Targeting cancer stem cells in leukemi 328
Targeting stem cells in ovarian cance 328
Targeting cancer stem cells to screen anticancer drug 328
Cell-based therapies for malignant brain tumor 329
Role of cancer stem cells in resistance to radiotherap 329
Targeting stem cells in brain tumor 329
Neural stem cells for drug/gene delivery to brain tumor 330
Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of glioma 331
Bone morphogenetic protein for inhibition of glioblastoma multiform 331
Dendritic cell therapy for brain tumor 331
Encapsulated cells for brain tumor 332
Companies involved in cell-based cancer therap 333
American Association for Cancer Research and ESC 334
Future of cell-based immunotherapy for cance 335
7. Cell Therapy for Neurological Disorder 337
Introductio 337
Regeneration of the nervous system by endogenous stem cell 337
Molecular mechanism of neurogenesi 337
Generation of neurons from astrogli 338
In vivo cell replacement therapy by locally induced neural progenitor cell 338
Types of cells used for treatment of neurological disorder 339
Activated T lymphocyte 339
Differentiation of placenta-derived multipotent cells into neuron 339
Mesenchymal stem cells induced to secrete neurotrophic factor 340
Neural stem cell 340
Regulation of neural stem cells in the brai 340
Study of neural differentiation of hESCs by NeuroStem Chi 341
Embryonic stem cell-derived neurogenesi 341
Neural progenitor cell 342
Distinction between NSCs and intermediate neural progenitor 344
Development of human CNS stem cell 344
Neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the brai 345
Mechanism of migration of neural stem cells to sites of CNS injur 345
Transformation of neural stem cells into other cell type 346
Monitoring of implanted NSCs labeled with nanoparticle 346
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell 346
Proteomics of neural stem cell 346
Use of epidermal neural crest stem cells for neurological disorder 347
Neural stem cells as therapeutic delivery vehicle 347
Olfactory epithelium stem cells for transplantation in the CN 347
Development of CNS cells from extraneural stem cell 348
Hair-follicle stem cells for neural repai 349
Stem cells from human umbilical cord blood for CNS disorder 349
Immortalized cells for CNS disorder 349
Fetal tissue transplant 350
Choroid plexus cell 351
Laboratory mice with human brain cell 351
Expansion of adult human neural progenitor 351
Neurosphere 352
Dental pulp cells for neuroprotectio 352
Ideal cells for transplantation into the nervous syste 352
Cell therapy techniques for neurological application 353
Stem cells preparations for CNS disorder 353
Neuronal differentiation of stem cell 354
hESCs for CNS repai 354
Enhancement of growth of stem cells in the brain by drug 355
Carbon nanotubes to aid stem cell therapy of neurological disorder 356
Use of neural stem cells to construct the blood brain barrie 356
Tracking of stem cells in the CNS by nanoparticles and MR 356
Methods of delivery of cells to the CN 357
Encapsulated cell 357
CNS neotissue implan 357
Intrathecal delivery of stem cell 358
CNS delivery of cells by catheter 359
Intravascular administratio 359
Cells used for gene therapy of neurological disorder 359
Fibroblast 360
Stem cell 360
Neuronal cell 360
Immortalized neural progenitor cell 361
Astrocyte 361
Cerebral endothelial cell 361
Human retinal pigmented epithelial cell 362
Neurological disorders amenable to cell therap 362
Neuroprotection by cell therap 363
Cells secreting neuroprotective substance 363
Stem cells for neuroprotectio 363
Neuroprotection by intravenous administration of HSC 363
Human UCB-derived stem cells for the aging brai 364
Neurodegenerative disorder 364
Role of stem cells in neurodegenerative disorder 364
MSCs for therapy of neurodegenerative disorder 365
Role of NSCs in disorders associated with aging brai 366
NSCs for improving memor 366
Parkinson' s diseas 367
Origin and fate of dopamine neuron 368
Human dopaminergic neurons for P 368
Graft survival-enhancing drug 369
Xenografting porcine fetal neuron 369
Encapsulated cells for P 370
Stem cells for P 370
Stem cells for production of glial derived neurotrophic facto 372
Potential of regeneration of endogenous stem cells in P 372
Human retinal pigment epithelium cells for P 373
Coaxing hESCs to produce dopamin 374
Tumorigenic potential of transplantated dopaminergic hESC 374
Delivery of cells for P 374
MSCs for multiple system atroph 374
Cell therapy for Huntington' s diseas 375
Fetal striatal cell transplantatio 375
Transplantation of encapsulated porcine choroids plexus cell 375
Cell therapy for Alzheimer' s diseas 376
Neural stem cell implantation for Alzheimer' s diseas 376
Implantation of genetically engineered cells producing NG 377
Cell therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosi 377
Cell nuclear replacement technique for study of AL 377
Use of stem cells for AL 378
Transplantation of glial restricted precursors in AL 379
Stem cell-based drug discovery for AL 379
Cell therapy for lysosomal storage disorder 380
Cell therapy for Batten diseas 380
Genetically modified HSCs for metachromatic leukodystroph 381
Cell therapy for demyelinating disorder 381
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosi 381
Embryonic stem cells for remyelinatio 382
Neural precursor cells for neuroprotection in multiple sclerosi 382
Stem cells for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropath 383
Fusokine method of personalized cell therapy of multiple sclerosi 383
Cell therapy of strok 384
Transplantation of encapsulated porcine choroids plexu 384
Transplantation of fetal porcine cell 385
Adult stem cell therapy in strok 385
Implantation of genetically programmed ESC 385
Intravenous infusion of marrow stromal cell 386
Intravenous infusion of UCB stem cell 386
Intracerebral administration of human adipose tissue stromal cell 387
Intracerebral administration of multipotent adult progenitor cell 387
Neural stem cell therapy for strok 387
Future of cell therapy for strok 388
Cell therapy of traumatic brain injur 389
Cell/gene therapy for TB 390
Clinical trials of autologous HSC therapy for TB 390
Limitations of stem cell therapy for acute TB 390
Improving the microenvironments of transplanted cells in TB 391
Cell therapy for spinal cord injur 391
Fetal neural grafts for SC 392
Olfactory-ensheathing cells for SC 392
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells for treatment of SC 392
Schwann cell transplants for SC 393
Transplantation of glial cells for SC 393
Stem cells for SC 393
Bone marrow stem cells for SC 393
Embryonic stem cells for SC 393
Transplantation of MSCs for SC 394
Transplantation of NSCs for SC 395
Transdifferentiation of BM stem cells into cholinergic neurons for SC 395
Spinal stem cells for treatment of ischemic injury of spinal cor 395
Combined approaches for regeneration in SC 396
Combined cell/gene therapy for SC 396
Delivery of cells in SC 397
Intrathecal injection of cells labeled with magnetic nanoparticle 397
Intravenous injection of stem cells for spinal cord repai 397
Clinical applications of stem cells for SC 397
Autologous bone marrow cell transplantation for SC 398
Cell therapy of syringomyeli 398
Umbilical cord blood stem cells for neurogenetic disorder 398
UCB stem cells for Krabbe' s diseas 398
UCB stem cells for Hurler' s syndrom 399
UCB stem cells for Sanfilippo syndrome type 399
Combination of cell and gene therapy for Krabbe' s diseas 399
Cell therapy of epileps 400
Cell therapy of posttraumatic epileps 400
Cell therapy for temporal lobe epileps 401
Cell therapy for pharmacoresistant epilepsie 401
Cell therapy for developmental neurological disorder 401
Cell therapy for cerebral pals 402
Cell therapy for muscular dystroph 402
Cell transplant for Duchenne muscular dystroph 403
Myoblast-based gene transfe 403
Transplantation of myoblasts lacking the MyoD gen 404
HSCs for DM 404
Improvement of DMD therapy by using muscle-derived stem cell 404
Combination of cell and pharmacotherapy for DM 405
Myoblast injection for treatment of other muscular dystrophie 406
Cell therapy for Autis 406
Management of chronic intractable pain by cell therap 406
Implantation of chromaffin cell 407
Role of stem cells in management of pai 407
Implantation of astrocytes secreting enkephali 408
Cells for delivery of antinociceptive molecule 408
Implantation of genetically engineered cell 408
Cell therapy for low back pai 408
Cell therapy for retinal degenerative disorder 409
Genetically engineered retinal pigmented epithelial cell line 410
Delivery of CNTF by encapsulated cell intraocular implant 410
Stem cell transplantation in the retin 411
Isolation of RPE cells from hESCs using transcriptomic 411
ESCs for retinal degenerative disorder 411
Neuroprotective effect of neural progenitor cell transplantatio 412
Human retinal stem cell 412
Combining cell and gene therapies for retinal disorder 412
Stem cell therapy for hearing los 413
Cell thery for peripheral nerve lesion 413
Cell transplants for peripheral nerve injurie 413
Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with endothelial progenitor cell 414
Clinical trials of cell therapy in neurological disorder 414
Future prospects for cell therapy of CNS disorder 415
8. Ethical, Regulatory, and Safety Aspects of Cell Therap 417
Introductio 417
Safety issues of cell therap 417
Immune-mediated reactions to transpanted stem cell 417
Human virus infections associated with stem cell transplantatio 418
Herpes simplex virus type 418
Cytomegaloviru 418
Opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient 418
Carcinogenic potential of stem cells and its preventio 419
FDA safety regulations for cell and tissue product 419
FDA Guidance on license applications for umbilical cord blood product 420
Political and ethical aspects of hESC research in the U 420
Ethical issues concerning fetal tissue 420
Morality and hESC researc 421
Opponents of hESC research in the U 421
Ban on cloning and impact on hESC researc 421
Political aspects of human hESC research in the U 422
Use of hESCs in NIH-supported researc 422
Public opinion in the US about hESC researc 424
Scientists' view of stem cell research in the U 425
New developments in stem cell research in the U 427
Human stem cell cloning in the U 428
Stem cell guidelines of various US institution 428
Ethics of transplanting human NSCs into the brains of nonhuman primate 429
Stem cell lines available worldwid 430
Stem cell policies around the worl 431
Countries with no defined policies on hESC researc 431
Australi 432
Canad 432
Chin 433
Denmar 433
Franc 434
German 434
Indi 436
Irelan 436
Israe 437
Ital 437
Japa 438
The Netherland 438
Saudi Arabi 439
Singapor 439
South Afric 439
South Kore 440
Spai 440
Swede 440
Switzerlan 441
United Kingdo 441
ESC ban 442
European Unio 443
EU guidelines for stem cell researc 443
EMBO' s recommendations for stem cell researc 444
United Nations, cloning and nuclear transfe 445
The Embryo Project for information on ESC researc 446
Concluding remarks about ethics of ESC researc 446
Ethical issues concerning umbilical cord bloo 446
Regulatory issue 447
Regulation of cord blood banks in the U 447
Regulatory issues for biotechnology-derived drug 447
Regulation of cell selection devices for production of PBSCs at point of car 448
FDA rules for human cells and tissue 448
FDA regulation of fetal cellular or tissue product 449
FDA and clinical trials using hESC 450
Cell and gene therapy INDs placed on hold by the FD 450
NIH regulation of fetal cellular or tissue product 451
Regulatory issues for genetically engineered cell transplant 451
FDA guidelines for human tissue transplantatio 451
Xenotransplantatio 452
Clinical Protocol Review and Oversigh 452
Informed consent and patient educatio 452
Xenotransplantation product source 452
FDA guidelines for xenograft 453
Regulations relevant to cell therapy in the European Unio 455
Regulations about use of stem cell 455
EMEA regulation of cell/gene therap 455
Guidelines for cell therapy in the U 456
Clinical trials in cell therap 457
Stem cell patent 457
Stem cell patents in the United State 458
Current status of Thomson patents at WAR 458
Stem cell patents in the European Unio 459
9. Reference 461
Tables
Table 1 1: Landmarks in the history of cell therap 25
Table 1 2: Examples of cells involved in various disease 30
Table 2 1: Types of human cells used in cell therap 33
Table 2 2: A selection of companies providing cell culture medi 37
Table 2 3: A sampling of companies supplying cell sorter 40
Table 2 4: Companies involved in cell-based drug discover 46
Table 2 5: Methods of delivery of cells for therapeutic purpose 48
Table 2 6: Therapeutic applications of encapsulated cell 52
Table 2 7: Companies working on encapsulated cell technolog 54
Table 2 8: Molecular imaging methods for tracking cells in viv 60
Table 3 1: Companies involved in cord blood banking as a source of stem cell 93
Table 3 2: Sources of adult human stem cell 99
Table 3 3: Enhancing engraftment, mobilization and expansion of stem cell 120
Table 3 4: Applications of stem cell 138
Table 3 5: Growth factors with positive effects on stem cells and application 157
Table 3 6: Examples of drugs that induce granulocytopenia at stem cell leve 159
Table 3 7: Academic institutes involved in stem cell researc 169
Table 3 8: Companies involved in stem cell technologie 171
Table 4 1: Therapeutic applications of regulatory T cells (T-regs 187
Table 4 2: Various tissue/cell therapy approaches to the treatment of type 1 diabete 193
Table 4 3: Companies involved in cell therapy for insulin-dependent diabete 208
Table 4 4: Major pulmonary disorders potentially treatable by stem cell manipulatio 221
Table 4 5: Cell-based repair of knee cartilage damag 234
Table 5 1: Classification of various types of cell therapy for cardiovascular disorder 259
Table 5 2: Clinical trials of cell therapy in cardiovascular diseas 292
Table 6 1: Cell therapy technologies used for cance 299
Table 6 2: Companies involved in developing cell-based therapies for cance 333
Table 7 1: Experimental use of immortalized cells for CNS disorder 349
Table 7 2: Methods for delivering cell therapies in CNS disorder 357
Table 7 3: Neurological disorders amenable to cell therap 362
Table 7 4: Types of cell used for investigative treatment of Parkinson' s diseas 367
Table 7 5: Status of cell therapies for Parkinson' s diseas 367
Table 7 6: Clinical trials with cell-based therapies in neurological disorder 414
Table 8 1: Possible adverse reactions and safety issues of cell therap 417
Table 8 2: Listed numbers of stem cell lines around the world as of end of 200 430
Table 8 3: Stem cell policies around the worl 431
Figures
Figure 1 1: Interrelationships of cell therapy to other technologie 27
Figure 1 2: Interrelationships of gene, cell and protein therapie 29
Figure 3 1: A simplified biological scheme of embryonic stem Cell 66
Figure 3 2: Steps of iPS cell productio 97
Figure 3 3: Flow chart of development of stem cells with potential bottleneck 176
Figure 5 1: hESC-derived cardiomyocytes from laboratory to bedsid 271
Figure 6 1: A scheme of generation and administration of tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cell 307
Figure 6 2: Stem cell transplantation technique 313
Figure 7 1: Stem cells that can give rise to neuron 343
Figure 7 2: Approaches to stem cell therapy in strok 385
Part II
10. Markets and Future Prospects for Cell Therap 9
Introductio 9
Methods for estimation of cell therapy market 9
Potential markets for cell therap 10
Markets according to technologie 10
Stem cell transplan 10
hESC market 10
Blood transfusion marke 10
Cord blood collection and storag 11
Cell therapy and related technologie 11
Cell therapy markets according to therapeutic are 11
Bone and joint disorder 12
Cance 12
Cardiovascular disorder 12
Diabetes mellitu 13
Liver disorder 13
Neurological disorder 14
Retinal degenerative diseases marke 14
Skin and wound car 15
Urinary incontinenc 15
Reconstruction of teeth by stem cell implant 15
Market size according to geographical area 15
Unmet market needs in cell therap 16
Drivers of growth of cell therapy market 17
Role of stem cells in regenerative medicin 17
Role of cells in markets for artificial organ 18
Increase of R&D expense on cell therap 18
Increased used of cell-based drug discover 18
Impact of emerging healthcare trends on cell therapy market 18
Future prospects of cell therap 18
Embryonic stem cell research around the worl 19
Consortia for ESC research in Europ 19
EuroStemCel 19
FunGenE 20
ESTOOL 21
UK National Stem Cell Networ 22
Ethical concerns about commercialization of embryonic stem cell 22
Education of the physician 22
Public educatio 22
NIH support of stem cell researc 23
Funding of stem cell research from non-federal source 23
Prospects of venture capital support for stem cell companie 25
Cell therapy in the developing countrie 25
Guidelines for stem cell therapie 26
Business strategie 27
Formation of network 27
Future market potential of adult vs embryonic stem cell 28
11. Companies Involved in Cell Therap 29
Introductio 29
Profiles of selected companie 31
Collaboration 323
12. Academic Institution 333
Introductio 333
Stem cell cente 333
Profiles of institution 334
Collaboration 416
Tables
Table 10 1: Market size according to cell therapy and related technologies 2008-201 10
Table 10 2: Market size according to therapeutic areas for cell therapy 2008-201 11
Table 10 3: Cell therapy markets for cardiovascular disorders 2008-201 13
Table 10 4: Values of cell therapies for neurological disorders 2008-201 14
Table 10 5: Total cell therapy market according to geographical areas 2008-201 16
Table 10 6: Cord blood market according to geographical areas 2008-201 16
Table 10 7: Stem cells transplant market according to geographical areas 2008-201 16
Table 11 1: Publicly traded cell therapy companie 29
Table 11 2: Selected collaborations of cell therapy companie 322
Table 12 1: Therapeutic uses of stem cell 339
Table 12 2: Commercial collaborations of academic institutes in the US relevant to stem cell 414
Figures
Figure 10 1: Unmet needs in cell therap 17
Related Report
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Personalized Medicine - scientific & commercial aspects
RNAi - technologies, markets and companies
Advances in the Stem Cell Industry: The future impact of innovation, and an evaluation of the commercial landscape
Regenerative Medicines: Bone and Joint Applications
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