Table of Contents
Glossary
Executive Summary
- Introduction
- Types of User Generated Content
- The Market for UGC Services
1. Cellular Market Growth
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Growth of the Cellular Market
- 1.2.1 Global Cellular Subscriber Market
- Figure 1.1: Cellular Subscriber Growth (m) by Region, 2006-2013
- Table 1.1: Cellular Subscriber Growth (m) by Region, 2006-2013
- Figure 1.2: Cellular Subscriber Base, Market Share (% ) by Region
2006-2013
- Figure 1.3: Cellular Subscribers Penetration (% ) by Region 2006-2013
- 1.2.2 Leading Mobile Operator Groups by Subscriber Base
- Table 1.2: Leading Mobile Operator Groups by Subscriber Base (m) Q 1
2008
- 1.2.3 Growth of 3G
- Table 1.3: Global Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m) by Technology (2G,
2.5G, 3G, 3.5G/3.9G) 2008-2013
- Figure 1.4: Global Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m) by Technology
(2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G/3.9G) 2008-2013
- 1.3 Regional Cellular Market Growth
- 1.3.1 North America
- i. Mobile Phone Penetration
- ii. US Market Structure
- iii. 3G Adoption
- Figure 1.5: North American Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m) by
Technology (2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G/3.9G) 2008-2013
- Table 1.4: North American Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m) by
Technology (2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G/3.9G) 2008-2013
- 1.3.2 South America
- i. Diverse Region
- ii. Mobile Penetration Rates
- iii. Dominant Technology
- iv. Players in Region
- Figure 1.6: South American Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m) by
Technology 2008-2013
- v. 3G Deployments
- Table 1.5: South American Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m) by
Technology 2008-2013
- 1.3.3 Western Europe
- i. Mobile Penetration
- Figure 1.7: Western Europe Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m) by
Technology 2008-2013
- ii. Market Structure
- iii. 3G Penetration
- Table 1.6: Western Europe Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m) by
Technology 2008-2013
- 1.3.4 Eastern Europe
- i. Mobile Penetration
- Figure 1.8: Eastern Europe Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m) by
Technology 2008-2013
- Table 1.7: Eastern Europe Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m) by
Technology 2008-2013
- ii. 3G Penetration
- 1.3.5 Far East & China
- i. Mobile Penetration
- ii. 3G Services
- Figure 1.9: Far East & China Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m) by
Technology (2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G/3.9G) 2008-2013
- Table 1.8: Far East & China Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m) by
Technology (2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G/3.9G) 2008-2013
- 1.3.6 Indian Sub Continent
- i. Mobile Penetration
- Figure 1.10: Indian Sub Continent Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m)
by Technology (2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G/3.9G) 2008-2013
- ii. 3G Services
- Table 1.9: Indian Sub Continent Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m) by
Technology (2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G/3.9G) 2008-2013
- 1.3.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
- i. Mobile Penetration
- Figure 1.11: Rest of Asia Pacific Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m)
by Technology (2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G/3.9G) 2008-2013
- ii. 3G Adoption
- Table 1.10: Rest of Asia Pacific Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m)
by Technology (2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G/3.9G) 2008-2013
- 1.3.8 Africa & Middle East
- i. Market Background
- ii. Mobile Penetration
- Figure 1.12: Africa & Middle East Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m)
by Technology (2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G/3.9G) 2008-2013
- iii. Players
- iv. ARPU
- Table 1.11: Africa & Middle East Cellular Subscriber Forecasts (m)
by Technology (2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G/3.9G) 2008-2013
- v. 3G Adoption
- 1.4 The Opportunity for Mobile Entertainment
- Figure 1.13: Monthly Voice ARPU ($), Selected Countries (France,
Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, UK, US), 2003-2007
- 1.5 The Opportunity for User Generated Content
2. The User -Generated Content Market
- 2.1 What is UGC ?
- Table 2.1: Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0, Services and Products
- 2.2 Personal Content Distribution
- 2.2.1 PCD Service Providers
- i. YouTube
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- ii. Juice Wireless
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- iii. YoSpace (EyeVibe)
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- iv. Clip in Touch
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- v. Mobango
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- vi. Kyte.tv/Decentral.tv
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- vii. MyCorner (NEXAGE)
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- 2.2.2 Adult Amateur Content
- 2.3 Social Networking
- 2.3.1 Social Networking Site Providers
- i. Cyworld
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- ii. BuzzCity
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- Figure 2.1: myGamma' s Revenue Distribution by Region (September
2007)
- c. Corporate Strategy
- iii. MySpace
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- iv. Facebook
- a. Company Background
- b. Services and Product - Fixed Internet
- c. Mobile Services
- v. Bebop
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- vi. Friendster
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- vii. MOKO/Loop Mobile
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- c. Corporate Strategy
- viii. GoFresh (Itsmy.com)
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- c. Corporate Strategy
- ix. Dada Mobile
- a. Company Background
- b. Corporate Strategy
- x. MocoSpace (JNJ Mobile)
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- c. Corporate Strategy
- xi. mig33 (Project Goth)
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- xii. Mobrio/Virgin Mobile
- xiii. GREE
- xiv. Mixi
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- xv. Peperoni
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- xvi. Twitter (Obvious)
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- c. Corporate Strategy
- xvii. Treemo
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- 2.4 Mobile Dating Services
- 2.4.1 Mobile Dating: The Japanese Experience
- 2.4.2 Mobile Dating in Western Markets: The Players
- i. Handmade Mobile Dating (Flirtomatic)
- a. Company Background
- b. Products & Services
- ii. 3G Dating Agency
- Figure 2.2: 3G Dating Agency Leaflet
- iii. IceBreaker
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- iv. MeetMoi
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- v. Moviligo
- vi. Webdate
- vii. Match.com
- a. Company Background
- b. Mobile Services
- viii. Mobestar
- a. Company Background
- b. Products and Services
- 2.4.3 Mobile Dating in Emerging Markets
3. UGC - Business Models and Strategies
- 3.1 UGC - Business Models and Strategies
- 3.1.1 Pay per Download
- 3.1.2 Subscription Services
- 3.1.3 Advertising
- i. Strengths
- ii. Weaknesses
- iii. Opportunities
- iv. Threats
- 3.2 Operator and Service Provider Strategies for UGC Deployment
- 3.2.1 Operator Policies
- 3.2.2 Service Providers: On or Off-Portal
- i. Lower Data Charges
- Table 3.1: UK Operator Data Prices ($), June 2008
- ii. Improvements in the User Interface
- iii. Greater Variety of Compelling Content
4. UGC - Hurdles & Regulation
- 4.1 Hurdles to Customer Adoption and Retention
- 4.1.1 The User Interface
- i. Difficulty in Discovering Content
- ii. Difficulty In Accessing Content
- iii. Difficulty in Navigating Content
- iv. Difficulty in Creating Content
- v. Difficulty in Uploading Content
- 4.1.2 Industry Structure
- 4.1.3 Network Speed and Capacity
- 4.1.4 Service Pricing
- 4.1.5 Cost of Data Services
- 4.1.6 Handset Capacity and Battery Life
- 4.1.7 Privacy
- 4.1.8 Differentiation
- 4.1.8 Beyond Adoption - Customer Retention
- 4.2 The Regulation of UGC
- 4.2.1 Copyright
- i. Viacom vs Google/YouTube
- 4.2.2 Explicit/Obscene Content
- i. Age Verificatiion - Users
- ii. Age Verification - Models
- 4.2.3 Data Mining
5. Mobile Personal Content Distribution Forecasts
- 5.1 Mobile Phone Users Who Use PCD Services
- Table 5.1: Percentage of Mobile Subscribers Who Use PCD, By Region,
2006-2013
- Figure 5.1: Number of Users of PCD Services (m), By Region, 2006-2013
- Table 5.2: Number of Users of PCD Services (m), By Region, 2006-2013
- Figure 5.2: Average Number of PCD Downloads per Service User Per Month,
By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 5.3: Average Number of PCD Downloads per Service User Per Month,
By Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 5.3: Total Volume of PCD Downloads (m) by Mobile Users per Year,
By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 5.4: Total Volume of PCD Downloads (m) by Mobile Users Per Year,
By Region, 2007-2013
- 5.2 Personal Content Distribution Service Revenues ( End User
Generated)
- Table 5.5: Percentage of PCD Downloads Paid For by the End User, By
Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 5.4 Number of PCD Downloads Paid For by the End User, By Region,
2007-2013
- Table 5.6 Number of PCD Downloads Paid For by the End User, By Region,
2007-2013
- 5.2.1 Retail Cost of PCD Services
- Table 5.7: Average Price ($) Paid Per PCD Download, By Region,
2007-2013
- 5.2.2 Total Revenues (End-User Generated)
- Figure 5.5: Total End-User Generated Revenues ($m) from PCD Services,
By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 5.8: Total End-User Generated Revenues ($m) from PCD Services,
By Region, 2007-2013
- 5.3 Personal Content Distribution Revenues ( Ad -Supported)
- Figure 5.6: Number of Ad-Supported Downloads, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 5.9: Number of Ad-Supported Downloads, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 5.10: Click-through Rates for Ad-Supported PCD Content, 2007-2013
- Figure 5.7: Ad Responses from PCD Content, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 5.11: Ad Responses from PCD Content, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 5.12: Cost Per Click-through (CPC) Rates ($), PCD Content, By
Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 5.8 Total AdSpend ($m) on PCD Content, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 5.13: Total AdSpend ($m) on PCD Content, By Region, 2007-2013
- 5.4 Personal Content Distribution Revenues (Total)
- Figure 5.9: Total PCD Market ($m), 2007-2013
- Table 5.14: Total PCD Market ($m), 2007-2013
6. Mobile Social Networking
- 6.1 Mobile Phone Users Who Use Social Networking Sites
- Table 6.1: Percentage of Mobile Subscribers Who Use Mobile Social
Networking Sites, By Region, 2006-2013
- Figure 6.1: Number of Active Users (m) of Social Networking Sites, By
Region, 2006-2013
- Table 6.2: Number of Active Users (m) of Social Networking Sites, By
Region, 2006-2013
- 6.2 Mobile Social Networking Revenues ( End User )
- Table 6.3: Percentage of Social Networking Users Purchasing Premium
Services, By Region, 2006-2013
- Figure 6.2: Number of Social Networking Users Purchasing Premium
Services, By Region, 2006-2013
- Table 6.4: Number of Social Networking Users Purchasing Premium
Services, By Region, 2006-2013
- Figure 6.3: Monthly Spend Per User ($) on Premium Services on Mobile
Social Networking Sites, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 6.5: Monthly Spend Per User ($) on Premium Services on Mobile
Social Networking Sites, By Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 6.4: Total End-User Generated Revenues ($m) from Mobile Social
Networking Sites, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 6.6: Total End-User Generated Revenues ($m) from Mobile Social
Networking Sites, By Region, 2007-2013
- 6.3 Mobile Social Networking Revenues (Ad-Supported)
- Table 6.7: Percentage of Mobile Social Networking Site Users Who Respond
to Mobile Advertising, By Region,2007-2013
- Figure 6.5: Number of Mobile Social Networking Users That Respond to
Mobile Advertising, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 6.8 Number of Mobile Social Networking Users That Respond to
Mobile Advertising, By Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 6.6: Average Number of Responses Per User Per Annum to Mobile
Social NetWorking Advertising, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 6.9 Average Number of Responses Per User Per Annum to Mobile
Social Networking Advertising, By Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 6.7: Total Number of Responses Per Annum (m) to Mobile Social
Networking Advertising, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 6.10: Total Number of Responses Per Annum (m) to Mobile Social
Networking Advertising, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 6.11: Cost Per Click-through (CPC) Rates ($), Mobile Social
Networking Sites, By Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 6.8: Total AdSpend ($m) on Mobile Social Networks, By Region,
2007-2013
- Table 6.12: Total AdSpend ($m) on PCD Content, By Region, 2007-2013
- 6.4 Mobile Social Networking Revenues ( Total)
- Figure 6.9: Total Mobile Social Networking Market ($m), 2007-2013
- Table 6.13 Total PCD Market ($m), 2007-2013
7. Mobile Dating Forecasts
- 7.1 Mobile Phone Users Who Use Mobile Dating and Chat Services
- Table 7.1: Percentage of Mobile Subscribers Who Use Mobile
Dating/Chatroom Services, By Region, 2006-2013
- Figure 7.1: Number of Active Users (m) of Mobile Dating/Chatroom
Services, By Region, 2006-2013
- Table 7.2: Number of Active Users (m) of Mobile Dating/Chatroom
Services, Region, 2006-2013
- 7.2 Mobile Dating/Chatrooms, Subscription Revenues
- Table 7.3: Percentage of Mobile Dating/Chatroom Users Who Pay
Subscription Fees, By Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 7.2: Number of Mobile Dating/Chatroom Users (m) Who Pay
Subscription Fees, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 7.4: Number of Mobile Dating/Chatroom Users (m) Who Pay
Subscription Fees, By Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 7.3: Monthly Spend ($) By Mobile Dating/Chatroom Subscribers, By
Region, 2007- 2013
- Table 7.5: Monthly Spend ($) By Mobile Dating/Chatroom Subscribers, By
Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 7.4: Subscription Revenues ($m) from Mobile Dating/Chatroom
Services, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 7.6: Subscription Revenues ($m) from Mobile Dating/Chatroom
Services, By Region, 2007-2013
- 7.3 Mobile Dating/Chatrooms, Premium Service Revenues
- Figure 7.5: Number of Mobile Dating/Chatroom Customers (m) on Free
Registrations, Region, 2007-2013
- Table 7.7: Number of Mobile Dating/Chatroom Customers (m) on Free
Registrations, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 7.8: Percentage of Free Registration Mobile Dating/Chatroom
Customers Who Opt for Premium Services, By Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 7.6: Number of Free Registration Mobile Dating/Chatroom Customers
(m) Who Opt for Premium Services, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 7.9: Number of Free Registration Mobile Dating/Chatroom Customers
(m) Who Opt for Premium Services, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 7.10: User spend Per Month ($) on Mobile Dating/Chatroom Premium
Services, By Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 7.7: Total Revenues ($m) from Mobile Dating/Chatroom Premium
Services, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 7.11: Total Revenues ($m) from Mobile Dating/Chatroom Premium
Services, By Region, 2007-2013
- 7.4 Total End-User Generated Mobile Dating /Chatroom Revenues
- Figure 7.8: Total End-User Generated Mobile Dating/Chatroom Revenues
($m), By Revenue Stream, 2007-2013
- Table 7.12: Total End-User Generated Mobile Dating/Chatroom Revenues
- Figure 7.9: Total End-User Generated Mobile Dating/Chatroom Revenues
($m), By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 7.13: Total End-User Generated Mobile Dating/Chatroom Revenues
($m), By Region, 2007-2013
- 7.5 Mobile Dating /Chatroom Revenues (Ad-Supported )
- Table 7.14: Percentage of Mobile Social Networking Site Users Who
Respond to Mobile Advertising, By Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 7.10: Number of Mobile Dating/Chatroom Site Users That Respond to
Mobile Advertising, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 7.15: Number of Mobile Social Dating/Chatroom Site Users That
Respond to Mobile Advertising, By Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 7.11: Average Number of Responses Per User Per Annum to Mobile
Dating/Chatroom Site Advertising, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 7.16: Average Number of Responses Per User Per Annum to Mobile
Dating/Chatroom Site Advertising, By Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 7.12: Total Number of Responses Per Annum (m) to Mobile
Dating/Chatroom Site Advertising, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 7.17: Total Number of Responses Per Annum (m) to Mobile
Dating/Chatroom Site Advertising, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 7.18: CPC (Cost Per Click-through) Rates ($), Mobile
Dating/Chatroom Sites, By Region, 2007-2013
- Figure 7.13: Total AdSpend ($m) on Mobile Dating/Chatroom Sites, By
Region, 2007-2013
- Table 7.19: Total AdSpend ($m) on Mobile Dating/Chatroom Sites, By
Region, 2007-2013
- 7. 6 Mobile Dating /Chatroom Revenues ( Total)
- Figure 7.14: Total Mobile Social Networking Market ($m), 2007-2013
- Table 7.20: Total PCD Market ($m), 2007-2013
8. Total UGC Market
- 8.1 End -User Generated Revenues
- Figure 8.1: Total End-User Generated Revenues ($m) from UGC, By Service
Type, 2007- 2013
- Table 8.1: Total End-User Generated Revenues ($m) from UGC, By Service
Type, 2007-2013
- Figure 8.2: Total End-User Generated Revenues ($m) from UGC, By Region,
2007-2013
- Table 8.2: Total End-User Generated Revenues ($m) from UGC, By Region
2007-2013
- 8.2 Ad-Supported Revenues
- Figure 8.3: Total AdSpend ($m) on UGC, By Service Type, (Dating, Social
Networking, Personal Content Delivery) 2007-2013
- Table 8.3: Total AdSpend ($m) on UGC, By Service Type, (Dating, Social
Networking, Personal Content Delivery) 2007-2013
- Figure 8.4: Total AdSpend ($m) on UGC, By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 8.4: Total AdSpend ($m) on UGC, By Region, 2007-2013
- 8.3 Total UGC Revenues
- Figure 8.5: Mobile UGC Market ($m) By Service Type, (Dating, Social
Networking, Personal Content Delivery) 2007-2013
- Table 8.5: Mobile UGC Market ($m) By Service Type, (Dating, Social
Networking, Personal Content Delivery) 2007-2013
- Figure 8.6: Mobile UGC Market ($m) By Region, 2007-2013
- Table 8.6: Mobile UGC Market, By Region, 2007-2013
9. Recommendations
- 9.1 Recommendations for Operators
- 9.1.1 Operators Should Seek to Launch an Array of UGC Services as Soon
as Possible
- 9.1.2 Operators Should not Seek to Restrict Access to Off-portal
Services and Should Reduce Data Charges
- 9.1.3 Operators Should Ensure that Price Points for UGC Content are Low
- 9.1.4 Operators Should Consider Further Levels of Differential Charging
of PCD Content
- 9.1.5 Operators Should Create Dedicated Hubs for UGC Services
- 9.1.6 Operators Should Engage in Further Revenue-share Deals with
Content Providers
- 9.2 Recommendations for Service Providers
- 9.2.1 Service Providers Should Consider Ad-funded Models as a Means of
Increasing their Visibility
- 9.2.2 Service Providers Should Consider the Introduction of Premium
Event Billing, Although the Model may not be Appropriate in all Circumstances
- 9.2.3 Service Providers Should Consider Partnerships with Tier 2/3
Operators and MVNOs
- 9.2.4 Service Providers Should Ensure Compatibility with
National/International Regulatory Regimes
- 9.2.5 Service Providers Should Ensure that Adult Content Access must be
Age Verified
- 9.3 Recommendations for Vendors
- 9.3.1 Vendors Should Seek to Improve Ease of Use Of/Transfer Between
Multiple Mobile Applications
- 9.3.2 Vendors Need to Engage to a Greater Extent with Operators and
Service Providers over Forthcoming Products
- 9.4 Recommendations for Regulators
- 9.4.1 Regulators Should Create Dedicated Mobile Content Divisions
10. Technology
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 2G
- 10.2.1 Communication Technologies of 2G
- i. GSM
- ii. TDMA
- iii. CDMA
- iv. D-AMPS
- 10.2.2 Data Services
- i. SMS
- a. The Working of SMS
- Figure 10.1: SMS Message Flow
- b. Types of Messaging Services
- Mobile-originated SMS
- Mobile-terminated SMS
- c. Premium-rate SMS (PRSMS)
- 10.3 2.5 & 2.75G
- 10.3.1 Communication Technologies of 2.5/2.75G
- i. GPRS
- ii. EDGE
- iii. CDMA2000
- 10.3.2 Data Services
- i. MMS
- a. How Does MMS Work?
- Figure 10.2: MMS Application Services
- b. MMS Services
- MMS Entertainment and Information Services
- Figure 10.3: Nokia' s 6280 3G Handset Supporting Video Streaming
- c. Personalisation
- 10.3.3 The SMS/MMS Value Chain
- Figure 10.4: SMS/MMS Value Chain
- 10.4 3G
- Figure 10.5 3G Access Technologies
- Figure 10.6: Percentage of Mobile Users Who Own 3G Devices, December
2007 (Selected Countries)
- Figure 10.7: Global 3G Subscriber Base, December 2007 (255.7 million
users)
- 10.4.1 UMTS
- Figure 10.8: Evolution of UMTS
- i. WCDMA
- ii. EV-DO
- iii. TD-SCDMA
- 10.5 Beyond 3G
- 10.5.1 HSPA
- 10.5.2 3GLTE
- 10.5.3 CDMA2000 1x EV-DO Revisions A and B
- 10.5.4 UMB
- 10.5.5 Mobile WiMAX 802.16e-2005
- Figure 10.9: WiMAX Timeline
- 10.6 Mobile Technologies Compared
- Table 10.1: Comparative Chart of Mobile Technologies
- 10.7 Other Enabling Technologies
- 10.7.1 Wireless Internet Technologies
- i. WAP
- a. The Development of WAP
- Figure 10.10: Future Path of WAP
- ii. The i-mode Alternative
- Figure 10.11: NTT DoCoMo, i-mode Subscriber Growth (m) and i-mode
Penetration of Total User Base (% ) 2000-Q2 2008
- iii. Dotmobi
- 10.7.2 Languages, Platforms and Operating Systems
- i. Languages
- ii. Platforms
- iii. Operating Systems
- a. Palm OS
- b. Symbian
- c. Windows Mobile
- d. Android
- 10.7.3 Other Relevant Technologies and Standards
- i. MP3
- Figure 10.12: MP3 Phones: Nokia N91 and Sony Ericsson K800
- ii. MP4
- iii. MID I
- iv. Bluetooth
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