Nanomedicine 2006-2011

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary - Nanomedicine Will Constitute One of the Most Exciting and Fast Growing Aspects of Medicine

2. An Introduction to Nanotechnology with Medical Applications

• 2.1 What is Nanotechnology? - An Introduction to this Exciting Interdisciplinary Field
  • 2.1.1 Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches to Nanotechnology
  • 2.1.2 Terminology and Definitions in Nanotechnology Are Still Not Universally Accepted
  • 2.1.3 This Report Highlights the Commercial Potential for Nanotechnology in Healthcare
• 2.2 What Solutions and Improved Performance Can Medical Nanotechnology Provide?
  • 2.2.1 Improving Drug Delivery
  • 2.2.2 Biomedical Devices
  • 2.2.3 Imaging and Diagnostics
  • 2.2.4 Tissue Reconstruction
• 2.3 Nanotechnology and its Applications in Healthcare - An Overview of Emerging Technologies
  • 2.3.1 Molecular Assembly - Is this the Holy Grail of Nanomedicine?
• 2.4 Nano-Level Microscopy and Related Technologies Constitute Important Tools in Medicine - Particularly Genomic and Proteomic Drug Discovery
  • 2.4.1 Scanning Tunnel and Scanning Probe Microscopy
  • 2.4.2 Atomic Force Microscopy
  • 2.4.3 Cantilever Arrays in Atomic Force Microscopy Have Relevance to Proteomics
  • 2.4.4 Lithography at the Nanoscale - Medical Devices Could Benefit
  • 2.4.5 Nanopore Technology Can Detect Single Molecules
• 2.5 Nanoparticles
  • 2.5.1 Nanoparticluate technologies with Injectable and Topical Uses
  • 2.5.2 Nanocrystals and Other Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine and Immunohistochemistry
  • 2.5.3 Drug Delivery - Improved Bio-availability through Nanocrystals and Other Nanoparticles
  • 2.5.4 Quantum Dots
  • 2.5.5 Bioconjugates Formed from Quantum Dots
  • 2.5.6 Dendrimers
  • 2.5.7 Nanoshells
  • 2.5.8 Magnetic Nanoparticles
  • 2.5.9 Gold Colloids
  • 2.5.10 DNA Detection Via Nanoparticle-Based Colourimetric Methods
  • 2.5.11 Rexin G - An FDA-approved Nanoparticle Delivery System
• 2.6 Improved Detection Sensitivity with Carbon Nanotubes and Nanotube Matrices
• 2.7 Nanobarcodes
• 2.8 Liposomes
• 2.9 The Use of Fullerenes (Buckyballs) in Drug Delivery
  • 2.9.1 Gadolinium in Fullerenes and QDs as MRI Agents
• 2.10 Nanowires
• 2.11 RNA-based Drug Delivery
• 2.12 Nano-enabled Tissue Engineering and Bone Implants
• 2.13 Nanodiagnostics
  • 2.13.1 Nanotechnologies with Biochips and Protein Chips
  • 2.13.2 Lab-on-a-chip Technology Incorporating Microfluidics and Nanofluidics
  • 2.13.3 Resonance Light Scattering and Surface Plasmon Resonance Technologies
• 2.14 Nanobiosensors
  • 2.14.1 Boron-doped Silicon Nanowires as Biosensors
  • 2.14.2 Viral Nanosensors
  • 2.14.3 Probes Encapsulated by Biologically Localised Embedding Nanosensors
  • 2.14.4 New Nano-based Biosensor Technologies in Market
• 2.15 Nanoparticles Are Likely to Constitute the Most Successful Aspect of Nanomedicine from 2006-2011

3. Key Players in the Nanomedical Sector

• 3.1 Key Players in the Current Nanomedical Sector - An Overview
• 3.2 Leading Companies in Nanoparticle Technology
• 3.3 Case Study - Elan Drug Technologies' NanoCrystal Platform
  • 3.3.1 Wyeth's Rapamune
  • 3.3.2 Merck's Emend
  • 3.3.3 Par Pharmaceutical's Megace ES
• 3.4 Leaders in Cancer Therapies Incorporating Nanotechnology
• 3.5 Leading Suppliers of Dendrimer, Fullerene and Nanotube Technologies for Medicine
  • 3.5.1 Starpharma is a Leader in Dendrimer Technology
• 3.6 Leading Diagnostics and Imaging Companies in Nanomedicine

4. Forecasts of the World Nanomedical Market

• 4.1 The World Nanomedical Market Will Exhibit Strong Growth from 2006-2011
• 4.2 The Pharmaceutical Sector Will Contribute the Most Revenues to Nanomedicine
• 4.3 Nanotechnology Use in Medical Devices Will Also Contribute Heavily to Overall Revenues in Nanomedicine
• 4.4 The US Will Continue to Lead the World Market for Nanomedicine
• 4.5 Developmental Trends in Nanomedicine with their Timelines
  • 4.5.1 Many Important Developments Will Occur Between 2010 and 2020
  • 4.5.2 The European Science Foundation Outlines Important Future Developments in Nanomedicine
  • 4.5.3 Drug Discovery and Drug Delivery Are Likely to Benefit Most from Nanotechnology
  • 4.5.4 Diagnostic Applications Will Also Be Major Components of Nanomedicine
  • 4.5.5 Tissue Engineering Will Show Exciting Promise
• 4.6 The US National Science Foundation (NSF) Predicts Spectacular Growth In Revenues

5. An Analysis of Factors that Influence the Market for Nanomedicine

• 5.1 SWOT Analysis of Nanotechnology in Medicine
• 5.2 The Nanomedical Sector Will Continue To Expand its Presence in the Healthcare Industry
• 5.3 This Emerging Field Contains Uncertainty and Further Potential for Controversy
• 5.4 Governmental Funding Constitutes a Major Driver of Nanomedicine
  • 5.4.1 The US, European and Japanese Governments are Leading Public Investors in Nanotechnology
  • 5.4.2 The US National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) Contributes Large Amounts of Funding to Nanomedicine
  • 5.4.3 The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Roadmap for Medical Research Will Secure Continued Public Funding for Nanomedicine
  • 5.4.4 Japan is the Second Largest Investor in Nanotechnology
  • 5.4.5 The EU is also a Large Sponsor of Nanomedicine
  • 5.4.6 European Governments Support Nanotechnological Research
• 5.5 Venture Capitalism in Nanomedicine
  • 5.5.1 Nanotechnology is Currently Attractive to Private Investors
  • 5.5.2 Nanotechnological Investments Hold Risks
  • 5.5.3 Will Nanotechnology Lead to Another High-tech Bubble?
  • 5.5.4 Nanomedicine Receives an Estimated 40% of Private Investment for Nanotechnology
  • 5.5.5 Revolutionary Developments in Nanomedicine Will Require Long Term Investment
  • 5.5.6 A Survival-of-the-fittest Process is Emerging in Nanomedical Investment
  • 5.5.7 There is an Urgent Need for Nanomedicine to Justify Large-scale Public and Private Investment Through Marketable Products
• 5.6 Interdisciplinary Activity Benefits Nanomedicine
• 5.7 Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine
  • 5.7.1 The FDA Uses Standard Risk Management to Assess Nanotechnological Products
  • 5.7.2 The FDA Regulates Products, Not Technology
  • 5.7.3 The FDA is Currently Formulating Policy for the Appraisal of Nanotechnology
  • 5.7.4 Nanotechnology Features in the FDA Critical Path Initiative
  • 5.7.5 The FDA's Nanotechnology Interest Group
  • 5.7.6 The FDA Predicts Regulatory Overlaps Between Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices and Biologicals
  • 5.7.7 The European Medicines Agency (EMEA) Stance on Nanomedicine
  • 5.7.8 Visiongain's Assessment of Regulatory Trends in Nanomedicine
• 5.8 Specific Concerns Relating to the Safety of Nanoparticles in Health and the Environment
  • 5.8.1 Few Conclusive Toxicological Studies Have Been Performed on Nanomaterials
  • 5.8.2 Continuing Uncertainty About Effects of Nano-scale Materials on Health and Environmental Safety
  • 5.8.3 Selenium, Lead and Cadmium Elicit Particular Concerns
  • 5.8.4 Concerns Over Fullerenes and Dendrimers
  • 5.8.5 Nanoparticles May Cause Pulmonary Damage
  • 5.8.6 Ability of Nanoparticles to Penetrate Cells May Constitute a Double-edged Sword
• 5.9 Societal and Ethical Aspects of Nanomedicine
  • 5.9.1 A Balanced Portrayal of Nanotechnology by Governments and the Media is Required
  • 5.9.2 Nanomedicine Has the Potential to Change the Way Medicine is Practised
  • 5.9.3 Ethical Concerns Relating to Nanomedicine
  • 5.9.4 Communication with All Relevant Stakeholders is Required
  • 5.9.5 Nanomedicine Cannot Afford to Repeat the PR Mistakes of Biotechnology
  • 5.9.6 The Healthcare Industry Needs to Promote Nanomedicine to Society in a Credible, Transparent Manner
  • 5.9.7 Civil Liberties and Benefits to the Developing World
  • 5.9.8 Is Nanotechnology Actually Required in Medicine?
• 5.10 Will Nanomaterials Have Enough Stability for Use as Effective Therapies?
• 5.11 Nanomedicine Benefits from Networks and Organisations that Promote Nanotechnology
• 5.12 Low Yields and High Costs May Hinder Nano-scale Manufacturing In the Short to Medium Term

6.Commercial Aspects of the Nanomedicine Business Models

• 6.1 Pipeline Developments in Nanomedicine are Increasing Rapidly
• 6.2 Acquiring Nanomedical Technology Platforms from External Sources is Prevalent
  • 6.2.1 Quantum Dot Corporation
  • 6.2.2 Elan's NanoCrystal Technology
  • 6.2.3 Invitrogen Acquires Nanotechnology Providers
  • 6.2.4 Starpharma - A Leader in Dendrimer Technology
• 6.3 Careful Assessment of Technology Suppliers is Vital in Nanomedicine
• 6.4 Is the Pharmaceutical Industry Under-investing in Nanotechnology Compared with Other Leading Industrial Sectors?
• 6.5 Large Companies Are Often Risk-Averse: This Can Make Them Less Innovative and Adaptive to the Market
  • 6.5.1 Cultural Gaps Between Healthcare Corporations and Smaller Technology Providers Can Be a Problem
  • 6.5.2 Start-up Companies Must Overcome Many Obstacles - Especially Securing Funding for Expansion
• 6.6 Intellectual Property Protection Will Be Vital to Success in Nanomedicine
  • 6.6.1 Patent Offices Inundated by Patent Applications in Nanomedicine
  • 6.6.2 Patenting Pools May Be the Answer
  • 6.6.3 Pre-emptive Activities Benefited Elan and Baxter
  • 6.6.4 Lack of Uniformity in Nanotechnological Terminology Causes Potential IP Problems
  • 6.6.5 Broad Patent Claims Provide First-mover Advantages in Nanomedicine
  • 6.6.6 Affymetrix Maintains First-mover Advantage
  • 6.6.7 The Bayh-Dole Act Should Benefit Nanomedicine in the US
  • 6.6.8 IP in Nanomedicine - Visiongain's Conclusions
• 6.7 Experts' Views on Commercial Issues in Nanomedicine
  • 6.7.1 Companies Need to Look for "Killer" Applications for Nanotechnology in Medicine
• 6.8 Are Partnerships With Academia Working Well Enough in Nanomedicine?
• 6.9 Industrial Scale-up of Nanomedical Technology Will Constitute a Great Challenge

7. Conclusions - Nanotechnology Holds Great Promise for the Healthcare Industry with Expanding Investment, Revenues and Development

• 7.1 Nanotechnology Holds Great Promise in Healthcare
• 7.2 The World Nanomedical Sector Will Achieve Strong Growth from 2006-2011
• 7.3 Despite Rapid Growth, Nanomedicine is Still in Its Infancy
• 7.4 Drivers in Nanomedicine Will Exert a Strong Positive Effect on the Market
• 7.5 There is Still Some Uncertainty and Potential Controversy Surrounding Nanomedicine
• 7.6 Nanomedicine Benefits from Large Amounts of Public and Private Funding
• 7.7 Sound IP Strategies Will be Vitally Important to the Continuing Success of Nanomedicine
• 7.8 Regulatory Issues Have Not Constituted a Problem So Far, But Policies Are Still Developing
• 7.9 Various Business Models Are Used in Nanomedicine