Report: Mobile Remittance - A Window for the Financial Empowerment of Global Communities through Mobility TOC

E1. Mobile Remittance and m-transaction - Unexpected Adoption and Benefits for Developing Economies
E2. Reducing costs to help growth
E3. Providing Favourable Regulatory Frameworks

2.1 The Critical Macroeconomic Role of Remittances
- Chart 1. Remittances as a Share of National GDP in 2006
2.2 Behind Global Growth Trends in Remittance Flows
- 2.2.1 Growth in Global Migration
  - Chart 2. Growth in Global Migrant Stocks, 1960-2050
  - Chart 3. Average Annual Net Migrants to More Developed Regions
- 2.2.2 Remittance Flow Growth
  - Chart 4. Growth of Global Remittance Flows 1990-2007
  - Chart 5. Financial Flows into Developing Economies 1990-2007
- 2.2.3 Analysis of Flows into Recipient Countries
  - Table 1. Top 30 Formal Remittance Receiving Countries 2007
  - Table 2. Top 30 Formal Remitter Countries 2007
2.3 Migration Patterns and Remittance Corridors
- Figure 1. Major Bilateral Remittance Corridors and Estimated Flows, 2007
- 2.3.1 Growth of the UK-Poland Remittance Corridor
- 2.3.2 Remittance Corridors and Operator Market Strategy
2.4 Remittances as a stable source of external finance
2.5 The multiplying effect of remittances: consumption, savings and investment
- 2.5.1. Enabling additive and transformational approaches to banking

4.1 Business Models
- Figure 4. Mobile Remittance Value Chain
- 4.1.1 Mobile Operator as Bearer Channel Provider
  - Figure 5. MNO as Bearer-only Business Model
- 4.1.2 Mobile Operator as Bearer and Banking Application Host
  - Figure 6. MNO Banking Application Host Business Model
- 4.1.3 Integrating Banks/Financial Institutions into Mobile Operator Hosted Platforms
  - Figure 7. Business Model for an MNO as a Banking Hub
  - Figure 8. Topology of the MNO Banking Hub Model
- 4.1.4 MNO Adoption of Financial Institution Status
  - Figure 9. Financially-licensed MNO model with MNO positioned as beneficiary
  - Figure 9. Financially-licensed MNO model with MNO positioned as remitter
- 4.1.5 Summary of MNO Business Model Options
4.2 Business Model Options for Financial Institutions
4.3 Service Models
- 4.3.1 mWallet to mWallet
- 4.3.2 mWallet to Cash
- 4.3.3 Cash to mWallet

Mobile Remittance Case Studies and Emerging Developments
- 6.1 Smart Telecom mWallet Services, Philippine
  - 6.1.1 Smart Padala Remittance: 4 years of success
    - Tables 4a and 4b. Smart Padala Remittance Partners and Locations Overseas
- 6.2 Globe Telecom, Philippines
  - 6.2.1 GXI - Globe' s M-Commerce Subsidiary
- 6.3 Vodafone' s Strategies
  - 6.3.1 Safaricom and M-PESA: m-transaction as a precursor to wider cross-border mobile remittance
    - 6.3.1.1 M-PESA Adoption Curve
    - 6.3.1.2 M-PESA Adoption Drivers
    - 6.3.1.4 The M-PESA Service Model
    - 6.3.1.5 M-PESA Expansion and International Implementation by Vodafone
      - Figure 10. Advertisement for M-PESA
    - 6.3.1.6 Delays and Barriers for the International Implementation of M-PESA
  - 6.3.2 Vodafone and Citigroup/Citibank global agreement
- 6.5 Bharti Airtel and Western Union Pilot Project
- 6.6 The GSM Association Mobile Money Transfer (MMT) Initiative
  - 6.6.1 MMT: Attempt at creating a Multilateral Remittance Framework
    - Table 5. Options for the Implementation of Multilateral MMT Hub Platforms
  - 6.6.2 Partnerships
    - 6.6.2.1 GSMA-Western Union Partnership
    - 6.6.2.2 GSMA-MasterCard Partnership

Mobile Remittance - A Window for the Financial Empowerment of Global Communities through Mobility