The Global Vaccines Market 2008-2023

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Vaccines and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

• 2.1 Immunisation and Types of Vaccine
  • 2.1.1 Vaccines: A Healthcare Triumph
  • 2.1.2 The Immune System and Natural Immunity
  • 2.1.3 Edward Jenner Laid the Foundation for Modern Vaccines
  • 2.1.4 Vaccines Work by Creating Artificial Immunity
  • 2.1.5 Vaccine Formulation
  • 2.1.6 Types of Vaccine
    • 2.1.6.1 Classification of Vaccines
    • 2.1.6.2 Live, Attenuated Vaccines
    • 2.1.6.3 Recombinant Live Vaccines
    • 2.1.6.4 Inactivated Vaccines
    • 2.1.6.5 Toxoid Vaccines
    • 2.1.6.6 Subunit Vaccines
    • 2.1.6.7 Conjugate Vaccines
    • 2.1.6.8 Recombinant Subunit Vaccines
    • 2.1.6.9 DNA Vaccines
    • 2.1.6.10 Recombinant Vector Vaccines
• 2.2 Vaccine Preventable Diseases
  • 2.2.1 Cervical Cancer/Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
  • 2.2.2 Chickenpox and Shingles
  • 2.2.3 Cholera
  • 2.2.4 Diphtheria
  • 2.2.5 Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) Diseases
  • 2.2.6 Hepatitis A
  • 2.2.7 Hepatitis B
  • 2.2.8 Influenza
    • 2.2.8.1 Influenza Prevalence
    • 2.2.8.2 The Influenza Virus
    • 2.2.8.3 Influenza Pandemics and Avian Influenza
    • 2.2.8.4 Influenza Vaccination
  • 2.2.9 Japanese Encephalitis
  • 2.2.10 Measles
  • 2.2.11 Meningococcal Diseases
  • 2.2.12 Mumps
  • 2.2.13 Pertussis
  • 2.2.14 Polio
  • 2.2.15 Rotavirus Diseases
  • 2.2.16 Rubella
  • 2.2.17 Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections
  • 2.2.18 Tetanus
  • 2.2.19 Tick-Borne Encephalitis
  • 2.2.20 Tuberculosis
  • 2.2.21 Typhoid
  • 2.2.22 Yellow Fever
• 2.3 Top-Selling Vaccines in 2007
  • 2.3.1 Paediatric Vaccines
    • 2.3.1.1 Prevnar/Prevenar
    • 2.3.1.2 Polio/Pertussis/Hib Vaccines (Sanofi-Aventis)
    • 2.3.1.3 Infanrix/Pediarix
    • 2.3.1.4 Varivax
    • 2.3.1.5 M-M-R II
    • 2.3.1.6 ProQuad
    • 2.3.1.7 Menactra
    • 2.3.1.8 RotaTeq
    • 2.3.1.9 Rotarix
  • 2.3.2 Other/Adult Vaccines
    • 2.3.2.1 Adacel
    • 2.3.2.2 Pneumovax
    • 2.3.2.3 Zostavax
  • 2.3.3 Influenza Vaccines
    • 2.3.3.1 Fluzone/Vaxigrip/Mutagrip
    • 2.3.3.2 Fluarix and FluLaval
    • 2.3.3.3 Fluvirin
  • 2.3.4 Prophylactic Cancer Vaccines
    • 2.3.4.1 Gardasil
    • 2.3.4.2 Cervarix
  • 2.3.5 Hepatitis Vaccines
    • 2.3.5.1 GSK Hepatitis Vaccines
    • 2.3.5.2 Havrix
    • 2.3.5.3 Engerix-B
    • 2.3.5.4 Twinrix/Ambirix
    • 2.3.5.5 Merck & Co./Sanofi Pasteur MSD Hepatitis Vaccines
    • 2.3.5.6 Vaqta/Avaxim
    • 2.3.5.7 Recombivax HB/HBvaxPRO
  • 2.3.6 Therapeutic Vaccines
    • 2.3.6.1 Grazax (ALK-Abello/Menarini)

3. The World Vaccine Market

• 3.1 World Vaccine Market Forecast, 2008-2023
  • 3.1.1 The World Vaccine Market Will Double by 2013
  • 3.1.2 Therapeutic Vaccines Will Become Established
  • 3.1.3 The World Vaccine Market, 2018-2023
• 3.2 Sales Forecast by Vaccine Class, 2008-2023
  • 3.2.1 The Leading Vaccine Classes in 2007
  • 3.2.2 Paediatric Vaccine Market Share
  • 3.2.3 Other/Adult Vaccines Sales Forecast
  • 3.2.4 Influenza Vaccines Market Growth
  • 3.2.5 Prophylactic Cancer Vaccines Market
  • 3.2.6 Hepatitis Vaccines Market
  • 3.2.7 Rapid Growth for Therapeutic Vaccines
• 3.3 Leading Vaccine Manufacturers
  • 3.3.1 A Few Major Players Dominate the Vaccine Market
  • 3.3.2 High Entry Barriers to Market
• 3.4 Sales Forecast for Leading Vaccine Brands, 2008-2013
  • 3.4.1 Leading Paediatric Vaccine Brand Forecasts, 2008-2023
    • 3.4.1.1 Prevnar/Prevenar
    • 3.4.1.2 Polio/Pertussis/Hib Vaccines
    • 3.4.1.3 Infanrix/Pediarix
    • 3.4.1.4 Varivax
    • 3.4.1.5 M-M-R II
    • 3.4.1.6 ProQuad
    • 3.4.1.7 Menactra
    • 3.4.1.8 RotaTeq
    • 3.4.1.9 Rotarix
  • 3.4.2 Leading Other/Adult Vaccine Brand Forecasts, 2008-2023
    • 3.4.2.1 Adacel
    • 3.4.2.2 Pneumovax
    • 3.4.2.3 Zostavax
  • 3.4.3 Leading Influenza Vaccine Brand Forecasts, 2008-2023
  • 3.4.4 Leading Prophylactic Cancer Vaccine Brand Forecasts, 2008-2023
    • 3.4.4.1 Gardasil
    • 3.4.4.2 Cervarix
  • 3.4.5 Leading Hepatitis Vaccine Brand Forecasts, 2008-2023

4. SWOT Analysis of the Vaccine Market

• 4.1 Analysis of the Market
• 4.2 Key Strengths of the Vaccine Industry
  • 4.2.1 Vaccines Work
  • 4.2.2 New Vaccine Technologies
    • 4.2.2.1 Vaccine Manufacturers are Expanding the Scope of Vaccines
    • 4.2.2.2 New Types of Vaccine
    • 4.2.2.3 New Adjuvants for Vaccines
    • 4.2.2.4 New Vaccine Delivery Mechanisms and Formulations
    • 4.2.2.5 Other Developments in Vaccine Technology
  • 4.2.3 New High-Margin Vaccines
  • 4.2.4 Vaccines Will Not Face Significant Generic Competition
  • 4.2.5 Personalised Vaccines
• 4.3 The Vaccines Industry: Weaknesses
  • 4.3.1 Vaccine Research and Development is Lengthy and Expensive
    • 4.3.1.1 The Vaccine Research and Development Process
    • 4.3.1.2 Vaccine Research and Development and Outsourcing
  • 4.3.2 Vaccine Manufacturing
    • 4.3.2.1 Vaccine Manufacturing has High Costs
    • 4.3.2.2 China, India and Brazil
  • 4.3.3 Consolidation of the Industry
• 4.4 Opportunities for the Vaccine Industry
  • 4.4.1 Vaccines for Diseases Currently Without a Vaccine
    • 4.4.1.1 The Most Important Non-Vaccine Preventable Diseases
    • 4.4.1.2 Cancer
    • 4.4.1.3 Dengue Fever
    • 4.4.1.4 Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
    • 4.4.1.5 Helicobacter Pylori Infections.
    • 4.4.1.6 Hepatitis C
    • 4.4.1.7 Hepatitis E
    • 4.4.1.8 HIV/AIDS
    • 4.4.1.9 Malaria
    • 4.4.1.10 Nosocomial Infections
    • 4.4.1.11 Respiratory Infections
    • 4.4.1.12 Roundworm and Hookworm Infections
    • 4.4.1.13 Sexually-Transmitted Diseases
    • 4.4.1.14 Tobacco
    • 4.4.1.15 West Nile Virus Infections
  • 4.4.2 Improved Vaccines for Partially Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
    • 4.4.2.1 Vaccines Effective Against More Strains
    • 4.4.2.2 Towards a Universal Influenza Vaccine
    • 4.4.2.3 The Need for an Improved Tuberculosis Vaccine
  • 4.4.3 Biodefence
    • 4.4.3.1 The Future for Bioterrorism Vaccines
    • 4.4.3.2 Pandemic-Preparedness
  • 4.4.4 Changing World Demographics
• 4.5 Key Threats Facing the Vaccine Industry
  • 4.5.1 The Anti-Vaccine Movement
    • 4.5.1.1 Misinformation about Side-Effects of Vaccines
    • 4.5.1.2 MMR Misinformation in the UK
    • 4.5.1.3 Controversy Surrounding Mercury-Containing Vaccines
    • 4.5.1.4 Campaigns Against Cervical Cancer Vaccines
    • 4.5.1.5 Consequences of Anti-Vaccine Campaigns
  • 4.5.2 Vaccines in the Developing World
    • 4.5.2.1 Vaccine Distribution Networks
    • 4.5.2.2 Vaccine Cost in Developing Countries
    • 4.5.2.3 Improving Access to Vaccines in the Developing World

5. Vaccine Country Markets

• 5.1 The Vaccine Market in 2007: Geographical Analysis
  • 5.1.1 The Commercial and Donor Vaccine Markets
  • 5.1.2 Leading Vaccine Country Markets, 2007
  • 5.1.3 Sales Forecast for Leading Vaccine Country Markets, 2008-2023
• 5.2 Leading Vaccine Country Markets
  • 5.2.1 The US Vaccine Market
    • 5.2.1.1 The US Vaccine Market, 2007
    • 5.2.1.2 The US Vaccine Market, 2008-2023
  • 5.2.2 The European Vaccine Market
    • 5.2.2.1 The German Vaccine Market
    • 5.2.2.2 The French Vaccine Market
    • 5.2.2.3 The UK Vaccine Market
  • 5.2.3 The Japanese Vaccine Market
  • 5.2.4 The Chinese Vaccine Market
    • 5.2.4.1 China is the Largest Vaccine Consumer in the World
    • 5.2.4.2 Chinese Vaccine Manufacturing
    • 5.2.4.3 Chinese Vaccine Research and Development
  • 5.2.5 The Indian Vaccine Market
    • 5.2.5.1 The Indian Vaccine Market is Rapidly Expanding
    • 5.2.5.2 India is an Important Vaccine Exporter
    • 5.2.5.3 Vaccine Research and Development in India
  • 5.2.6 The Donor Vaccine Market

6. The Vaccine Pipeline

• 6.1 The Most Promising Sectors of the Vaccines Pipeline
• 6.2 Paediatric Vaccines Pipeline
  • 6.2.1 Key Development in Paediatric Vaccines, 2008-2013
  • 6.2.2 Hexaxim
  • 6.2.3 Synflorix
  • 6.2.4 Prevnar 13
  • 6.2.5 Unifive
  • 6.2.6 MenACWY-TT
  • 6.2.7 Menveo/MenACWY-CRM
  • 6.2.8 Hib-MenCY-TT
  • 6.2.9 MenB
  • 6.2.10 Meningitis B Vaccine
  • 6.2.11 ORV 116E
• 6.3 Other/Adult Vaccines Pipeline
  • 6.3.1 Key Developments in Other/Adult Vaccines, 2008-2013
  • 6.3.2 Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines
    • 6.3.2.1 Ixiaro/IC51
    • 6.3.2.2 ChimeriVax-JE
  • 6.3.3 Adenovirus Vaccines
  • 6.3.4 Simplirix
  • 6.3.5 Flavinum
  • 6.3.6 HIV/AIDS Vaccines
    • 6.3.6.1 ALVAC-HIV/AIDSVAX B/E
    • 6.3.6.2 tgAAC09
    • 6.3.6.3 VRC-HIVADV014-00VP
  • 6.3.7 Biodefence Vaccines
    • 6.3.7.1 Anthrax Vaccine
    • 6.3.7.2 rF1V Plague Vaccine
    • 6.3.7.3 Imvamune
  • 6.3.8 CholeraGarde
  • 6.3.9 Cytomegalovirus Vaccine
  • 6.3.10 Dengue Fever Vaccines
    • 6.3.10.1 ChimeriVax-Dengue
    • 6.3.10.2 Dengue Virus Vaccine
  • 6.3.11 Mosquirix
  • 6.3.12 Nosocomial Infection Vaccines
    • 6.3.12.1 Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Vaccine
    • 6.3.12.2 V 710/Staphylococcus Aureus Vaccine
    • 6.3.12.3 ACAM-CDIFF
    • 6.3.12.4 StaphVAX
  • 6.3.13 143717A/Varicella Zoster Virus Vaccine
  • 6.3.14 Travellers' Diarrhoea Vaccines
    • 6.3.14.1 ACE393/Campylobacter Jejuni Vaccine
    • 6.3.14.2 Travellers' Diarrhoea Vaccine (Escherichia Coli)
  • 6.3.15 GSK M72/Tuberculosis Vaccine
  • 6.3.16 Typhoid Vaccine
  • 6.3.17 ChimeriVax-West Nile
• 6.4 Influenza Vaccines Pipeline
  • 6.4.1 Key Developments in Influenza Vaccines, 2008-2013
  • 6.4.2 Cell-Based Influenza Vaccines
    • 6.4.2.1 The Switch from Eggs
    • 6.4.2.2 Optaflu
    • 6.4.2.3 Influvac TC
    • 6.4.2.4 FluBlok
    • 6.4.2.5 Vero-Cell Technology
    • 6.4.2.6 Per C6
  • 6.4.3 H5N1 Influenza Vaccines
  • 6.4.4 Novel Delivery Systems for Influenza Vaccines
  • 6.4.5 New Adjuvants for Influenza Vaccines
  • 6.4.6 ACAM-FLU-A
• 6.5 Hepatitis Vaccines Pipeline
  • 6.5.1 Hepsilav/V270
  • 6.5.2 Hepatitis B Vaccine
  • 6.5.3 V 419/Hepatitis B Vaccine
  • 6.5.4 Hepatitis E Vaccine
• 6.6 Prophylactic Cancer Vaccines Pipeline
  • 6.6.1 V502/Human Papillomavirus Vaccine
  • 6.6.2 Novel Prophylactic Cancer Vaccines
    • 6.6.2.1 Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine
    • 6.6.2.2 Helicobacter Pylori Vaccine
• 6.7 Therapeutic Vaccines Pipeline
  • 6.7.1 Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines
    • 6.7.1.1 Sipuleucel - T/Provenge
    • 6.7.1.2 TroVax
    • 6.7.1.3 MAGE-A3 ASCI
    • 6.7.1.4 Stimuvax
    • 6.7.1.5 OncoVAX
    • 6.7.1.6 MVax
    • 6.7.1.7 CDX-110
    • 6.7.1.8 Reniale
    • 6.7.1.9 Biovaxid
    • 6.7.1.10 Allovectin-7
    • 6.7.1.11 GV1001
  • 6.7.2 Therapeutic Vaccines for Hepatitis
    • 6.7.2.1 Therapeutic Hepatitis B Vaccine
    • 6.7.2.2 IC41/Hepatitis C Vaccine
    • 6.7.2.3 GI-5005/Hepatits C Treatment Vaccine
    • 6.7.2.4 ChronVac-C
  • 6.7.3 Therapeutic Vaccines for HIV Infection
  • 6.7.4 Therapeutic Vaccines for Other Viral Infections
    • 6.7.4.1 TG 4001/R3484 (MVA-HPV-IL2/HPV Vaccine)
    • 6.7.4.2 Cytomegalovirus Therapeutic Vaccine
  • 6.7.5 Therapeutic Addiction Vaccines
    • 6.7.5.1 Addiction Vaccines Will Target Nicotine and Drug Dependence
    • 6.7.5.2 NicVAX
    • 6.7.5.3 NIC002
    • 6.7.5.4 TA-NIC
    • 6.7.5.5 Niccine
    • 6.7.5.6 TA-CD
  • 6.7.6 Therapeutic Allergy Vaccines
    • 6.7.6.1 Pollinex Quattro
    • 6.7.6.2 House Dust Mite Allergy Vaccine
  • 6.7.7 Therapeutic Vaccines for Chronic Disease

7. Expert Opinion from Key Opinion-Leaders in the Vaccine Industry

• 7.1 Dr Michael Watson, Executive Vice President Research and Development, Acambis
  • 7.1.1 The Key Unmet Vaccine Needs in 2008
  • 7.1.2 The Acambis Vaccine Pipeline and the ChimeriVax Platform
  • 7.1.3 A Clostridium Difficile Vaccine
  • 7.1.4 Progress Towards a Universal Influenza Vaccine
  • 7.1.5 Improving Access to Vaccines in Developing Countries
  • 7.1.6 The Future for Biodefence Vaccines
  • 7.1.7 Highlights of the Acambis Pipeline
• 7.2 Gregory A. Poland, M.D., MACP, FIDSA, Mary Lowell Leary Endowed Professor of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic (US)
  • 7.2.1 Personalised Vaccines
  • 7.2.2 Growth of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Addiction Vaccines
  • 7.2.3 Ignorance and Misconceptions about Vaccines
• 7.3 Dr Raafat Fahim, President and Chief Executive Officer of Nabi Biopharmaceuticals
  • 7.3.1 Vaccines in the Pipeline for Nicotine Addiction
  • 7.3.2 Vaccines in the Pipeline for Staphylococcus, Including MRSA, Infection
  • 7.3.3 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals are Investigating the Anti-Viral RENS
• 7.4 Dr Ronald Ellis, Senior Vice President and Chief Technical Officer, NasVax, Israel
  • 7.4.1 The Key Unmet Vaccine Needs in 2008
  • 7.4.2 New Adjuvants for Influenza Vaccines
  • 7.4.3 The Future for Intranasal Vaccines
  • 7.4.4 The Vaccine Technology of the Future
  • 7.4.5 The Future for Therapeutic Vaccines
• 7.5 Dr Steen S. Klysner, Chief Executive Officer, Nordic Vaccine
  • 7.5.1 Nordic Vaccine' s Immune Enhancing Nano-Particle and Skin Patch Vaccine Technology
  • 7.5.2 Vaccine Technology in 2023
  • 7.5.3 Vaccines Will be Developed for New Diseases by 2023

8. Conclusions

• 8.1 The ‘Vaccine Boost'
• 8.2 Vaccines Will Outperform the Overall Pharmaceutical Market During 2008-2023
• 8.3 Vaccine Growth Drivers
• 8.4 Emerging Markets for Vaccines

List of Tables

• Table 2.1 Vaccine Preventable Disease Statistics
• Table 2.2 Vaccine Classes
• Table 2.3 Example Brands for Polio/Pertussis/Hib Vaccines (Sanofi-Aventis*)
• Table 2.4 Brands in the Infanrix/Pediarix Range of Vaccines
• Table 3.1 Worldwide Vaccine Market ($bn), 2007-2013
• Table 3.2 Worldwide Vaccine Market ($bn), 2014-2023
• Table 3.3 Vaccines Sales ($bn) and Market Share by Vaccine Class, 2007
• Table 3.4 Vaccines Sales ($bn) by Vaccine Class, 2007-2013
• Table 3.5 Vaccines Sales ($bn) by Vaccine Class, 2014-2023
• Table 3.6 Leading Vaccine Manufacturers, 2007
• Table 3.7 Leading Paediatric Vaccine Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Table 3.8 Leading Other/Adult Vaccine Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Table 3.9 Leading Influenza Vaccine Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Table 3.10 Gardasil Sales ($bn), 2007
• Table 3.11 Leading Prophylactic Cancer Vaccine Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Table 3.12 Leading Hepatitis Vaccine Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Table 4.1 SWOT Chart for Vaccines Market
• Table 4.2 Selected Diseases Currently Without a Vaccine
• Table 4.3 Population Statistics 2007-2023
• Table 4.4 GDP China, India, US and Japan, 2007-2023
• Table 5.1 Commercial & Donor Vaccine Market, 2007
• Table 5.2 Leading Vaccines Country Markets 2007
• Table 5.3 Vaccines Sales Forecast ($bn) for Leading Country Markets, 2007-2013
• Table 5.4 Vaccines Sales Forecast ($bn) for Leading Country Markets, 2014-2023
• Table 6.1 Key Pipeline Paediatric Vaccines
• Table 6.2 Key Pipeline Other/Adult Vaccines
• Table 6.3 Key Cell-Culture Influenza Vaccines
• Table 6.4 Key Pipeline Hepatitis Vaccines
• Table 6.5 Key Pipeline Prophylactic Cancer Vaccines
• Table 6.6 Key Pipeline Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines
• Table 6.7 Key Pipeline Therapeutic Hepatitis Vaccines
• Table 6.8 Key Pipeline Therapeutic HIV/AIDS Vaccines
• Table 6.9 Key Pipeline Therapeutic Addiction Vaccines

List of Figures

• Figure 3.1 Worldwide Vaccine Market ($bn), 2007-2023
• Figure 3.2 Market Share by Vaccine Class, 2007
• Figure 3.3 Paediatric Vaccine Sales ($bn), 2007-2023
• Figure 3.4 Sales ($bn) by Vaccine Class (Excluding Paediatric Vaccines), 2007-2023
• Figure 3.5 Vaccine Sales ($bn) and Market Share by Vaccine Class, 2007-2023
• Figure 3.6 Market Share by Vaccine Class, 2013
• Figure 3.7 Market Share by Vaccine Class, 2018
• Figure 3.8 Market Share by Vaccine Class, 2023
• Figure 3.9 Leading Vaccine Manufacturers, 2007
• Figure 3.10 Prevnar/Prevenar Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Figure 3.11 Leading Paediatric Combination Vaccine Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Figure 3.12 Varivax, M-M-R II and ProQuad Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Figure 3.13 Menactra Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Figure 3.14 RotaTeq and Rotarix Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Figure 3.15 Adacel Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Figure 3.16 Pneumovax Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Figure 3.17 Zostavax Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Figure 3.18 Leading Influenza Vaccine Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Figure 3.19 Leading Prophylactic Cancer Vaccine Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Figure 3.20 Leading Hepatitis Vaccine Sales ($bn), 2007-2013
• Figure 4.1 Population of China, India, US and Germany, 2007-2023
• Figure 4.2 Gross Domestic Product ($tr) for US, Japan, China and India, 2007-2023
• Figure 5.1 Commercial and Donor Vaccine Market Share, 2007
• Figure 5.2 Vaccine Market Share by Leading Country, 2007
• Figure 5.3 Vaccines Sales for Leading Country Markets 2007-2023: Upper Group
• Figure 5.4 Vaccines Sales for Leading Country Markets 2007-2023: Lower Group
• Figure 5.5 Vaccine Market Share by Leading Country, 2013
• Figure 5.6 Vaccine Market Share by Leading Country, 2018
• Figure 5.7 Vaccine Market Share by Leading Country, 2023

Companies Listed

• Acambis
• Accentia Biopharmaceuticals
• ACE BioSciences
• Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) [US]
• Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation
• ALK-Abello
• Allergy Therapeutics
• AnGes MG
• Antigenics
• Astellas
• AstraZeneca
• AVANT Immunotherapeutics
• Avax Technologies
• Barr
• Bavarian Nordic
• Baxter
• Bharat Biotech
• Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
• Biogen Idec
• Biological E.
• Biotecnol
• Celtic Pharma
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [US]
• China National Biotec Group
• Chiron (acquired by Novartis in 2006)
• Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC)
• Crucell
• CSL
• Cytos Biotechnology
• Daiichi Sankyo
• Dendreon
• Diamyd Medical
• Dynavax
• DynPort Vaccine Company (DVC) [subsidiary of Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC)]
• Emergent Biosolutions
• European Medicines Agency (EMEA)
• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• GAVI Alliance
• Genelabs
• Genetic Immunity
• GenVec
• GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)
• GlobeImmune
• Green Cross [Korea]
• Independent Pharmaceutica
• Inovio Biomedical
• Intercell
• International AIDS Vaccine Initiative
• Intracel
• Kaketsuken
• Karolinska Institutet [Sweden]
• LipoNova
• Lonza
• MedImmune (acquired by AstraZeneca in 2007)
• Menarini
• Merck & Co.
• Merck KGaA
• Mitsubishi Tanabe
• Nabi Biopharmaceuticals
• NasVax [Israel]
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [US]
• Novartis
• Novavax
• Oncothyreon
• Oxford BioMedica
• Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
• Petrovax
• Pfizer
• PharmAthene
• Pharmexa
• Protein Sciences
• Ranbaxy
• Roche
• Sanofi Pasteur MSD [joint venture between Merck & Co. and Sanofi-Aventis]
• Sanofi-Aventis
• Schering-Plough
• Serum Institute of India
• Sinovac
• Solvay
• Targeted Genetics
• Therapeutic Goods Administration [Australia]
• Transgene
• Tripep
• UMN Pharma
• UNICEF (United Nations Children' s Fund)
• University of Queensland [Australia]
• US Census Bureau
• Vaccine Research Center (VRC) [part of NIAID, US]
• Vaccinogen
• VaxGen
• Vaxine [Australia]
• Vical
• Virax
• Worldwide Health Organization (WHO)
• Wyeth
• Wistar Institute [US]
• Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research
• Xenova (acquired by Celtic Pharma in 2005)