Table of Contents
1 Table of Contents 2
1.1 List of Tables 9
1.2 List of Figures 12
2 Introduction 14
2.1 What Is This Report About? 14
3 Definitions of
the Markets Covered in the Report 15
3.1 Dental Devices 15
3.2 Crowns
and Bridges 15
3.2.1 Ceramic Fused to Metal 15
3.2.2 Metal Free
Ceramic 15
3.3 Dental Biomaterials 15
3.3.1 Dental Bone Graft
Substitutes 15
3.3.2 Dental Bone Grafts 15
3.3.3 Tissue Regenerative
Materials 15
3.4 Dental Chairs and Equipment 16
3.4.1 Dental Chairs
16
3.4.2 Hand Pieces 16
3.4.3 Light Cure Equipment 16
3.4.4
Scaling Units 16
3.5 Dental Implants 16
3.5.1 Titanium Dental Implants
16
3.5.1.1 External Connectors 16
3.5.1.2 Internal Connectors 16
3.5.2 Zirconium Dental Implants 16
3.6 Dental Lasers 17
3.7 Dental
Radiology Equipment 17
3.7.1 Extra Oral Radiology Equipment 17
3.7.1.1
Digital Devices 17
3.7.1.2 Film Based Devices 17
3.7.2 Intra Oral
Radiology Equipment 17
3.7.2.1 Dental X-ray Units 17
3.7.2.2 Digital
Sensors 17
4 Healthcare Sector Review 18
4.1 Healthcare Expenditure
18
4.2 Healthcare Infrastructure 19
4.3 Healthcare Policy 23
5
Regulation System 25
5.1 Medical Equipment Approval Process 25
5.1.1
Classification of medical devices 25
5.1.2 Conformity Assessment Process
34
5.1.2.1 Class I devices 34
5.1.2.2 Class IIa devices 35
5.1.2.3
Class IIb devices 36
5.2 Post Market Surveillance (PMS) 37
6 Pricing
and Reimbursement 38
6.1 Pricing and Reimbursement Policies 38
7
Distribution Structure 39
8 Dental Devices in Spain 40
8.1 Dental
Devices, Cross Country Comparison, Revenue ($ mn), 2000-2015 40
8.2 Dental
Devices, Spain, Overall Revenue ($ mn), 2000-2015 41
8.3 Dental Devices,
Spain, Category Volume (Units), 2000-2015 45
8.4 Dental Devices, Spain,
Company Share (2007-2008) 47
9 Crowns and Bridges In Spain 48
9.1
Crowns and Bridges Overall Revenue (2000-2015) 48
9.2 Crowns and Bridges
Overall Volume (2000-2015) 50
9.3 Crowns and Bridges Average Price
(2000-2015) 52
9.4 Crowns and Bridges Distribution Share (2007-2008)
53
9.5 Crowns and Bridges, Spain, Company Share (2007-2008) 54
10
Dental Biomaterials In Spain 55
10.1 Dental Biomaterials Overall Revenue
(2000-2015) 55
10.2 Dental Biomaterials Overall Volume (2000-2015) 57
10.3 Dental Biomaterials Average Price (2000-2015) 59
10.4 Dental
Biomaterials Distribution Share (2007-2008) 60
10.5 Dental Biomaterials,
Spain, Company Share (2007-2008) 61
11 Dental Chairs and Equipment In
Spain 62
11.1 Dental Chairs and Equipment Overall Revenue (2000-2015)
62
11.2 Dental Chairs and Equipment Overall Volume (2000-2015) 64
11.3
Dental Chairs and Equipment Average Price (2000-2015) 66
11.4 Dental
Chairs and Equipment Distribution Share (2007-2008) 67
11.5 Dental Chairs
and Equipment, Spain, Company Share (2007-2008) 68
12 Dental Implants In
Spain 69
12.1 Dental Implants Overall Revenue (2000-2015) 69
12.1.1
Titanium Dental Implants Revenue (2000-2015) 70
12.2 Dental Implants
Overall Volume (2000-2015) 72
12.2.1 Titanium Dental Implants Volume
(2000-2015) 73
12.3 Dental Implants Average Price (2000-2015) 75
12.4
Dental Implants Distribution Share (2007-2008) 76
12.5 Dental Implants,
Spain, Company Share (2007-2008) 77
13 Dental Lasers In Spain 78
13.1
Dental Lasers Overall Revenue (2000-2015) 78
13.2 Dental Lasers Overall
Volume (2000-2015) 80
13.3 Dental Lasers Average Price (2000-2015) 82
13.4 Dental Lasers Distribution Share (2007-2008) 83
13.5 Dental Lasers,
Spain, Company Share (2007-2008) 84
14 Dental Radiology Equipment In Spain
85
14.1 Dental Radiology Equipment Overall Revenue (2000-2015) 85
14.1.1 Extra Oral Radiology Equipment Revenue (2000-2015) 87
14.1.2 Intra
Oral Radiology Equipment Revenue (2000-2015) 89
14.2 Dental Radiology
Equipment Overall Volume (2000-2015) 91
14.2.1 Extra Oral Radiology
Equipment Volume (2000-2015) 93
14.2.2 Intra Oral Radiology Equipment
Volume (2000-2015) 95
14.3 Dental Radiology Equipment Average Price
(2000-2015) 97
14.4 Dental Radiology Equipment Distribution Share
(2007-2008) 98
14.5 Dental Radiology Equipment, Spain, Company Share
(2007-2008) 99
15 Overview of Key Companies in Spain Dental Devices Market
100
15.1 Nobel Biocare Holding AG 100
15.1.1 Company Overview 100
15.1.2 Value Chain Analysis 100
15.1.2.1 Manufacturing 101
15.1.2.2
Product Development 101
15.1.2.3 Sales and Marketing 102
15.1.3 Nobel
Biocare Holding AG Pipeline Products 103
15.1.3.1 Nobel Biocare Holding AG
Pipeline Products By Equipment Type 103
15.1.3.2 Nobel Biocare Holding AG
Pipeline Products By Development Stage 103
15.1.3.3 Nobel Biocare Holding
AG Pipeline Products By Therapy Area 104
15.1.3.4 Nobel Biocare Holding AG
Pipeline Products By Clinical Trials 104
15.1.3.5 Nobel Biocare Holding AG
Pipeline Products By News Summary 104
15.2 DENTSPLY International Inc.
105
15.2.1 Company Overview 105
15.2.2 Value Chain Analysis 106
15.2.2.1 Manufacturing 106
15.2.2.2 Product Development 106
15.2.2.3
Sales and Marketing 107
15.3 Straumann Holding AG 108
15.3.1 Company
Overview 108
15.3.2 Value Chain Analysis 109
15.3.2.1 Manufacturing
109
15.3.2.2 Product Development 109
15.3.2.3 Sales and Marketing
110
15.3.3 Straumann Holding AG Pipeline Products 111
15.3.3.1
Straumann Holding AG Pipeline Products By Equipment Type 111
15.3.3.2
Straumann Holding AG Pipeline Products By Development Stage 111
15.3.3.3
Straumann Holding AG Pipeline Products By Therapy Area 112
15.3.3.4
Straumann Holding AG Pipeline Products By Clinical Trials 112
15.3.3.5
Straumann Holding AG Pipeline Products By News Summary 112
15.3.4 Company
Overview 113
15.4 Ivoclar Vivadent AG 114
15.4.1 Company Overview
114
15.5 Planmeca Oy 114
15.5.1 Company Overview 114
15.6 Sirona
Dental Systems, Inc. 114
15.6.1 Company Overview 114
15.7 Carestream
Health, Inc. / Kodak Health Group 115
15.7.1 Company Overview 115
15.8
Antoni Carles S.A. 115
15.8.1 Company Overview 115
15.9 BioHorizons,
Inc. 115
15.9.1 Company Overview 115
15.10 BIOLASE Technology, Inc.
116
15.10.1 Company Overview 116
15.10.2 Value Chain Analysis 116
15.10.2.1 Manufacturing 117
15.10.2.2 Product Development 117
15.10.2.3 Sales and Marketing 118
15.11 Klockner Implant System 118
15.11.1 Company Overview 118
15.12 Geistlich Pharma AG 118
15.12.1
Company Overview 118
15.13 DEKA M.E.L.A. s.r.l. Company Review 119
15.13.1 Company Overview 119
15.14 Zimmer Holdings, Inc. 119
15.14.1
Company Overview 119
15.15 Instrumentarium Dental 119
15.15.1 Company
Overview 119
15.16 KaVo Dental Corporation 120
15.16.1 Company
Overview 120
15.17 Owandy S.A.S 120
15.17.1 Company Overview 120
15.18 A-dec Inc. 120
15.18.1 Company Overview 120
15.19 Nakanishi Inc.
120
15.19.1 Company Overview 120
15.20 3M ESPE Dental Products 121
15.20.1 Company Overview 121
15.21 Castellini S.p.A. 121
15.21.1
Company Overview 121
15.22 Astra Tech Inc. 122
15.22.1 Company
Overview 122
15.23 Gendex Dental Systems 122
15.23.1 Company Overview
122
15.24 BIOMET 3i, Inc. 122
15.24.1 Company Overview 122
15.25
HOYA ConBio 123
15.25.1 Company Overview 123
15.26 Visiodent SA
123
15.26.1 Company Overview 123
16 Appendix 124
16.1 Global
Markets Direct Research Methodology 124
16.2 Coverage 125
16.3
Secondary Research 125
16.4 Primary Research 126
16.5 Models 126
16.6 Forecasts 127
16.7 Expert Panel Validation 127
16.8 Currency
Conversion 128
16.9 Contact Us 129
16.10 Disclaimer 129
1.1
List of Tables
Table 1: Number of Doctors by Specialty in Spain, 2003-2007
20
Table 2: Number of Hospital Wards by Specialty in Spain, 2003-2007
21
Table 3: Healthcare Institutions in Spain, 2007 22
Table 4:
Hospital Beds by Type in Spain, 2007 22
Table 5: Number of Healthcare
Personnel in Spain, 2007 23
Table 6: Number of Selected Medical Equipment
in Spain, 2007 23
Table 7: Dental Devices, Cross Country Comparison,
Revenue ($ mn), 2000-2015 40
Table 8: Dental Devices, Spain, Overall
Revenue ($ mn), 2000-2015 41
Table 9: Dental Devices, Spain,
Cross-Category Analysis, 2000-2015 42
Table 10: Dental Devices,
Spain, Overall Revenue ($ mn), Historic, 2000-2008 43
Table 11:
Dental Devices, Spain, Overall Revenue ($ mn), Forecast, 2008-2015 44
Table 12: Dental Devices, Spain, Category Volume (Units), 2000-2015
45
Table 13: Dental Devices, Spain, Category Volume (Units),
Historic, 2000-2008 45
Table 14: Dental Devices, Spain, Category
Volume (Units), Forecast, 2008-2015 46
Table 15: Dental Devices,
Spain, Company Share by Revenue ($ mn), 2007-2008 47
Table 16: Crowns
and Bridges, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 48
Table 17: Crowns and Bridges, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Segment, Forecast,
2008-2015 49
Table 18: Crowns and Bridges, Spain, Volume (Units) by
Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 50
Table 19: Crowns and Bridges, Spain,
Volume (Units) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 51
Table 20: Crowns
and Bridges, Spain, Average Price ($), Historic, 2000-2008 52
Table 21:
Crowns and Bridges, Spain, Average Price ($), Forecast, 2008-2015 52
Table 22: Crowns and Bridges, Spain, Distributiong Share by Revenue
($mn), 2007-2008 53
Table 23: Crowns and Bridges, Spain, Company
Share by Revenue ($ mn), 2007-2008 54
Table 24: Dental Biomaterials,
Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 55
Table 25:
Dental Biomaterials, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015
56
Table 26: Dental Biomaterials, Spain, Volume (Units) by Segment,
Historic, 2000-2008 57
Table 27: Dental Biomaterials, Spain, Volume
(Units) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 58
Table 28: Dental
Biomaterials, Spain, Average Price ($), Historic, 2000-2008 59
Table 29:
Dental Biomaterials, Spain, Average Price ($), Forecast, 2008-2015 59
Table 30: Dental Biomaterials, Spain, Distribution Share by Revenue
($mn), 2007-2008 60
Table 31: Dental Biomaterials, Spain, Company
Share by Revenue ($ mn), 2007-2008 61
Table 32: Dental Chairs and
Equipment, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 62
Table
33: Dental Chairs and Equipment, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Segment,
Forecast, 2008-2015 63
Table 34: Dental Chairs and Equipment, Spain,
Volume (Units) by Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 64
Table 35: Dental
Chairs and Equipment, Spain, Volume (Units) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015
65
Table 36: Dental Chairs and Equipment, Spain, Average Price ($),
Historic, 2000-2008 66
Table 37: Dental Chairs and Equipment, Spain,
Average Price ($), Forecast, 2008-2015 66
Table 38: Dental Chairs and
Equipment, Spain, Distribution Share by Revenue ($mn), 2007-2008 67
Table
39: Dental Chairs and Equipment, Spain, Company Share by Revenue ($ mn),
2007-2008 68
Table 40: Dental Implants, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by
Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 69
Table 41: Dental Implants, Spain,
Revenue ($ mn) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 69
Table 42: Titanium
Dental Implants, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Sub-Segment, Historic, 2000-2008
70
Table 43: Titanium Dental Implants, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by
Sub-Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 71
Table 44: Dental Implants, Spain,
Volume (Units) by Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 72
Table 45: Dental
Implants, Spain, Volume (Units) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 72
Table
46: Titanium Dental Implants, Spain, Volume (Units) by Sub-Segment,
Historic, 2000-2008 73
Table 47: Titanium Dental Implants, Spain,
Volume (Units) by Sub-Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 74
Table 48:
Dental Implants, Spain, Average Price ($), Historic, 2000-2008 75
Table
49: Dental Implants, Spain, Average Price ($), Forecast, 2008-2015 75
Table 50: Dental Implants, Spain, Distribution Share by Revenue ($mn),
2007-2008 76
Table 51: Dental Implants, Spain, Company Share by
Revenue ($ mn), 2007-2008 77
Table 52: Dental Lasers, Spain, Revenue
($ mn), Historic, 2000-2008 78
Table 53: Dental Lasers, Spain,
Revenue ($ mn), Forecast, 2008-2015 79
Table 54: Dental Lasers,
Spain, Volume (Units), Historic, 2000-2008 80
Table 55: Dental
Lasers, Spain, Volume (Units), Forecast, 2008-2015 81
Table 56:
Dental Lasers, Spain, Average Price ($), Historic, 2000-2008 82
Table 57:
Dental Lasers, Spain, Average Price ($), Forecast, 2008-2015 82
Table
58: Dental Lasers, Spain, Distribution Share by Revenue ($mn), 2007-2008
83
Table 59: Dental Lasers, Spain, Company Share by Revenue ($ mn),
2007-2008 84
Table 60: Dental Radiology Equipment, Spain, Revenue ($
mn) by Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 85
Table 61: Dental Radiology
Equipment, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 86
Table
62: Extra Oral Radiology Equipment, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Sub-Segment,
Historic, 2000-2008 87
Table 63: Extra Oral Radiology Equipment,
Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Sub-Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 88
Table 64:
Intra Oral Radiology Equipment, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Sub-Segment,
Historic, 2000-2008 89
Table 65: Intra Oral Radiology Equipment,
Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Sub-Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 90
Table 66:
Dental Radiology Equipment, Spain, Volume (Units) by Segment, Historic,
2000-2008 91
Table 67: Dental Radiology Equipment, Spain, Volume
(Units) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 92
Table 68: Extra Oral
Radiology Equipment, Spain, Volume (Units) by Sub-Segment, Historic, 2000-2008
93
Table 69: Extra Oral Radiology Equipment, Spain, Volume (Units) by
Sub-Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 94
Table 70: Intra Oral Radiology
Equipment, Spain, Volume (Units) by Sub-Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 95
Table 71: Intra Oral Radiology Equipment, Spain, Volume (Units) by
Sub-Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 96
Table 72: Dental Radiology
Equipment, Spain, Average Price ($), Historic, 2000-2008 97
Table 73:
Dental Radiology Equipment, Spain, Average Price ($), Forecast, 2008-2015
97
Table 74: Dental Radiology Equipment, Spain, Distribution Share by
Revenue ($mn), 2007-2008 98
Table 75: Dental Radiology Equipment,
Spain, Company Share by Revenue ($ mn), 2007-2008 99
Table 76: Nobel
Biocare Holding AG Pipeline Products by Equipment Type 103
Table 77:
Nobel Biocare Holding AG Pipeline Products By Development Stage 103
Table
78: Nobel Biocare Holding AG Pipeline Products By Therapy Area 104
Table 79: Nobel Biocare Holding AG Pipeline Products By Clinical Trials
104
Table 80: Nobel Biocare Holding AG Pipeline Products By News
Summary 104
Table 81: Straumann Holding AG Pipeline Products by
Equipment Type 111
Table 82: Straumann Holding AG Pipeline Products
By Development Stage 111
Table 83: Straumann Holding AG Pipeline
Products By Therapy Area 112
Table 84: Straumann Holding AG Pipeline
Products By Clinical Trials 112
Table 85: Straumann Holding AG
Pipeline Products By News Summary 112
Table 86: USD to Local Currency,
Average Exchange Rate 2008 128
1.2 List of Figures
Figure 1:
Total Healthcare Expenditure in Spain, 2000 – 2006 19
Figure 2:
Flowchart for Classification of Non-invasive Devices in Spain, 2007 26
Figure 3: Flowchart for Classification of Invasive Devices in Spain, 2007
27
Figure 4: Flowchart for Classification of Invasive Devices in Spain,
2007 28
Figure 5: Flowchart for Classification of Invasive Devices in
Spain, 2007 29
Figure 6: Flowchart for Classification of Invasive Devices
in Spain, 2007 30
Figure 7: Flowchart for Classification of Active Devices
in Spain, 2007 31
Figure 8: Flowchart for Classification of Active Devices
in Spain, 2007 32
Figure 9: Flowchart for Classification of Devices except
Non-invasive, Invasive and Active Devices in Spain, 2007 33
Figure 10:
Conformity Assessment of Class-I Medical Devices in Spain, 2007 34
Figure
11: Conformity Assessment of Class-IIa Medical Devices in Spain, 2007 35
Figure 12: Conformity Assessment of Class-IIb Medical Devices in Spain, 2007
36
Figure 13: Conformity Assessment of Class-III Medical Devices in Spain,
2007 37
Figure 14: Dental Devices, Cross Country Comparison, Revenue
($ mn), 2000-2015 40
Figure 15: Dental Devices, Spain, Overall
Revenue ($ mn), 2000-2015 41
Figure 16: Dental Devices, Spain,
Cross-Category Analysis, 2000-2015 42
Figure 17: Dental Devices,
Spain, Overall Revenue ($ mn), Historic, 2000-2008 43
Figure 18:
Dental Devices, Spain, Overall Revenue ($ mn), Forecast, 2008-2015 44
Figure 19: Dental Devices, Spain, Company Share (%), 2008 47
Figure
20: Crowns and Bridges, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Segment, Historic,
2000-2008 48
Figure 21: Crowns and Bridges, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by
Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 49
Figure 22: Crowns and Bridges, Spain,
Volume (Units) by Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 50
Figure 23: Crowns
and Bridges, Spain, Volume (Units) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 51
Figure 24: Crowns and Bridges, Spain, Company Share (%), 2008 54
Figure 25: Dental Biomaterials, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Segment,
Historic, 2000-2008 55
Figure 26: Dental Biomaterials, Spain, Revenue
($ mn) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 56
Figure 27: Dental
Biomaterials, Spain, Volume (Units) by Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 57
Figure 28: Dental Biomaterials, Spain, Volume (Units) by Segment,
Forecast, 2008-2015 58
Figure 29: Dental Biomaterials, Spain, Company
Share (%), 2008 61
Figure 30: Dental Chairs and Equipment, Spain,
Revenue ($ mn) by Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 62
Figure 31: Dental
Chairs and Equipment, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015
63
Figure 32: Dental Chairs and Equipment, Spain, Volume (Units) by
Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 64
Figure 33: Dental Chairs and
Equipment, Spain, Volume (Units) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 65
Figure
34: Dental Chairs and Equipment, Spain, Company Share (%), 2008 68
Figure 35: Titanium Dental Implants, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by
Sub-Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 70
Figure 36: Titanium Dental
Implants, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Sub-Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 71
Figure 37: Titanium Dental Implants, Spain, Volume (Units) by
Sub-Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 73
Figure 38: Titanium Dental
Implants, Spain, Volume (Units) by Sub-Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 74
Figure 39: Dental Implants, Spain, Company Share (%), 2008 77
Figure
40: Dental Lasers, Spain, Revenue ($ mn), Historic, 2000-2008 78
Figure 41: Dental Lasers, Spain, Revenue ($ mn), Forecast, 2008-2015
79
Figure 42: Dental Lasers, Spain, Volume (Units), Historic,
2000-2008 80
Figure 43: Dental Lasers, Spain, Volume (Units),
Forecast, 2008-2015 81
Figure 44: Dental Lasers, Spain, Company Share
(%), 2008 84
Figure 45: Dental Radiology Equipment, Spain, Revenue ($
mn) by Segment, Historic, 2000-2008 85
Figure 46: Dental Radiology
Equipment, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 86
Figure
47: Extra Oral Radiology Equipment, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Sub-Segment,
Historic, 2000-2008 87
Figure 48: Extra Oral Radiology Equipment,
Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Sub-Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 88
Figure 49:
Intra Oral Radiology Equipment, Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Sub-Segment,
Historic, 2000-2008 89
Figure 50: Intra Oral Radiology Equipment,
Spain, Revenue ($ mn) by Sub-Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 90
Figure 51:
Dental Radiology Equipment, Spain, Volume (Units) by Segment, Historic,
2000-2008 91
Figure 52: Dental Radiology Equipment, Spain, Volume
(Units) by Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 92
Figure 53: Extra Oral
Radiology Equipment, Spain, Volume (Units) by Sub-Segment, Historic, 2000-2008
93
Figure 54: Extra Oral Radiology Equipment, Spain, Volume (Units)
by Sub-Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 94
Figure 55: Intra Oral
Radiology Equipment, Spain, Volume (Units) by Sub-Segment, Historic, 2000-2008
95
Figure 56: Intra Oral Radiology Equipment, Spain, Volume (Units)
by Sub-Segment, Forecast, 2008-2015 96
Figure 57: Dental Radiology
Equipment, Spain, Company Share (%), 2008 99
Figure 58: Nobel Biocare
Holding AG Value Chain Analysis 100
Figure 59: DENTSPLY International
Inc. Value Chain Analysis 106
Figure 60: Straumann Holding AG Value
Chain Analysis 109
Figure 61: BIOLASE Technology, Inc. Value Chain
Analysis 116
Figure 62: Global Markets Direct Methodology 124
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