Materials Markets for Thin-Film and Organic Photovoltaics (Revised)

Table of Contents

• E.1 Introduction
• E.2 Opportunities of the a-Si Kind
• E.3 Other Opportunities in Silicon
  • E.3.1 Silicon Inks
  • E.3.2 Silicon Silvers
  • E.3.3 Other Approaches
• E.4 CIS/CIGS
• E.5 Cadmium Telluride
• E.6 Materials for Organic and Hybrid PV
  • E.6.1 Dye Sensitized Cells
  • E.6.2 Quantum Dot and Nanocrystal Solar Cells
  • E.6.3 Other Research and Development Directions
• E.7 ITO and its Substitutes
• E.8 Firms to Watch
  • E.8.1 Inorganic Materials
  • E.8.2 Organic Materials
• E.9 Summary of Forecasts of Photovoltaic Materials

• 1.1 Background to this Report
• 1.2 Objectives and Scope of this Report
• 1.3 Methodology of this Report
• 1.4 Plan of this Report

• 2.1 Overview of a-Si-based TFPV
  • 2.1.1 Key Performance and Reliability Characteristics
  • 2.1.2 Cell Structures Used
• 2.2 Materials and Processes Used for a-Si-based TFPV
  • 2.2.1 Materials Used
  • 2.2.2 Key Manufacturers of Materials for a-Si-based TFPV Materials
  • 2.2.3 Impact and Duration of Silicon Shortage
  • 2.2.4 Environmental and Safety Issues with a-Si TFPV manufacture
• 2.3 Key Directions for R&D in a-Si Based TFPV Materials
• 2.4 Niche Directions for Silicon-Based TFPV
  • 2.4.1 Silicon Inks: Innovalight
  • 2.4.2 Silicon Film
  • 2.4.3 Silicon "Slivers"

• 3.1 Overview of CIS/CIGS-based TFPV
  • 3.1.1 Key Performance and Reliability Characteristics
• 3.2 Material Formulations and Processes Used for CIS/CIGS-based TFPV
  • 3.2.1 Materials Used
  • 3.2.2 Manufacturing Challenges Using CIS/CIGS-based TFPV Materials
  • 3.2.3 Key Manufacturers of Materials for CIS/CIGS -based TFPV Materials
  • 3.2.4 Environmental and Safety Issues with CIS/CIGS TFPV Manufacture
• 3.3 Pricing Trends for CIS/CIGS Materials in the TFPV market
• 3.4 Key Directions for R&D in CIS/CIGS-based TFPV Materials

• 4.1 Overview of CdTe Thin Film Photovoltaics
  • 4.1.1 Key Performance and Reliability Characteristics
• 4.2 Material Formulations and Processes Used for CdTe-based TFPV
  • 4.2.1 Materials Used
  • 4.2.2 Manufacturing Challenges Using CdTe-based Thin Film Materials
  • 4.2.3 Key Manufacturers of Materials for CdTe-based TFPV Materials
  • 4.2.4 Environmental and Safety Issues with CdTe-based TFPV Materials
• 4.3 Pricing Trends for CdTe-based TFPV Materials
  • 4.3.1 Tellurium
  • 4.3.2 Cadmium
• 4.4 Key Directions for R&D in CdTe-based TFPV Materials

• 5.1 Overview of Organic and Hybrid-based Photovoltaics
  • 5.1.1 Key Performance and Reliability Characteristics
  • 5.1.2 Cells Structures and Design
• 5.2 Material Formulations and Processes Used for Organic/Hybrid-based TFPV
  • 5.2.1 Applicable Printing Methods
  • 5.2.2 Evaporation Techniques
  • 5.2.3 Small Molecules
  • 5.2.4 Polymers
  • 5.2.5 DSSCs
  • 5.2.6 Quantum Dot Solar Cells
  • 5.2.7 Manufacturing Challenges Using Organic/Hybrid-Based TFPV Materials
• 5.3 Key Manufacturers of Materials for Organic/Hybrid-based TFPV Materials
  • 5.3.1 BASF
  • 5.3.2 Evonik Degussa
  • 5.3.3 H.C. Starck
  • 5.3.4 Konarka
  • 5.3.5 Merck/EMD
  • 5.3.6 Plextronics
  • 5.3.7 Sumation
• 5.4 Environmental and Safety Issues with Organic/Hybrid-Based TFPV materials
• 5.5 Pricing Trends for Organic/Hybrid TFPV Materials
• 5.6 Key Directions for R&D in Organic/Hybrid TFPV Materials
  • 5.6.1 Polymer: Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
  • 5.6.2 Organic/Nanocrystal Solar Cells
  • 5.6.3 Tandem Cells

• 6.1 Current and Future Use of Compound Semiconductors in TFPV
  • 6.1.1 GaAs
  • 6.1.2 InP
  • 6.1.3 Other Compound Materials
• 6.2 Nanotubes, Nanowires and Nanorods
  • 6.2.1 Key Firms Advocating Use of Nanomaterials in TFPV
  • 6.2.2 ITO and its Substitutes
  • 6.2.3 Other Inorganic Materials
  • 6.2.4 Organic Materials
• 6.3 Encapsulation and Barrier Materials
  • 6.3.1 Main Trends in Encapsulation Materials and Barrier coatings
  • 6.3.2 Key Firms Developing Encapsulation and Barrier Materials for TFPV
• 6.4 Substrates for TFPV
  • 6.4.1 Glass
  • 6.4.2 Metal Foils
  • 6.4.3 Plastic Polysulfone
  • 6.4.4 Other

• 7.1 Forecasting Methodology
  • 7.1.1 Notes on Growth of the TFPV Industry
  • 7.1.2 Data Sources
  • 7.1.3 Forecasting in a Hyper-Growth Market and Alternative Scenarios
• 7.2 Forecasts of Thin-Film, Organic and Printable PV Markets by Applications
  • 7.2.1 Amorphous Silicon
  • 7.2.2 CdTe
  • 7.2.3 CIS/CIGS
  • 7.2.4 Organic and Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Materials
• 7.3 Summaries of Eight-Year Thin-Film and Organic Materials Market Forecasts

Acronyms and Abbreviations Used in this Report

About the Authors

• Exhibit E-1: Summary of Materials Used in Thin-Film/Organic PV by Type ($ Millions)
• Exhibit 2-1: Manufacturing Approaches Adopted by CIGS Solar Panel Firms
• Exhibit 5-1: Organic Solar Cell Manufacturing
• Exhibit 5-2: OVPD versus Thermal Evaporation
• Exhibit 6-1: Characteristics of Plastic Substrates
• Exhibit 7-1: Alternative Scenarios for the Evolution of Thin-Film Photovoltaics
• Exhibit 7-2: Materials Used in a-Si Solar Cells
• Exhibit 7-3: Materials Used in CdTe Solar Cells
• Exhibit 7-4: Materials Used in CIGS/CIS Solar Cells
• Exhibit 7-5: Materials Used in Organic/Hybrid Solar Cells
• Exhibit 7-6: Summary of Materials Used in Thin-Film/Organic PV by Technology
• Exhibit 7-7: Summary of Materials Used in Thin-Film/Organic PV by Type ($ Millions)