Report: Microgrids: Islanded Power Grids and Distributed Generation for Community, Commercial, and Institutional Applications TOC

1. Executive Summary

2. Market Issues

2.1 Community and Commercial Microgrids
2.2 What is a Microgrid?
- 2.2.1 Distributed Generation
- 2.2.2 Micro-Storage Options
- 2.2.3 Islanding Inverters
- 2.2.4 Smart Switch Devices
- 2.2.5 Load and Generation Controls
- 2.2.6 Other Grid Integration Products
2.3 The Business Case for Microgrids
2.4 Microgrid Architectures
- 2.4.1 Community/Utility Microgrids
- 2.4.2 Commercial/Industrial/Campus Microgrids
- 2.4.3 Remote “Off-Grid” Microgrids
2.5 Current Market Opportunities
- 2.5.1 Shortcomings of the Status Quo
- 2.5.2 Premium Power
- 2.5.3 NIMBY
- 2.5.4 Terrorist Threats
- 2.5.5 Extreme Weather and Natural Disasters
- 2.5.6 Needs of Developing Countries
2.6 Implementation Issues
- 2.6.1 IEEE Standards
- 2.6.2 Lack of Standard “Plug-and-Play” Offerings
- 2.6.3 Lack of Comprehensive and Coordinated Incentives/Policies
- 2.6.4 Eroding Utility Market Share
- 2.6.5 Security

3. Technology Issues

3.1 RDEG and DEG Technology Overview
- 3.1.1 Solar Photovoltaic
- 3.1.2 Small Wind Turbines
- 3.1.3 Fuel Cells
- 3.1.4 Fossil DEG Technologies
- 3.1.5 Commercialization Time Horizon
3.2 Energy Storage for Microgrids
- 3.2.1 Battery Technologies
  - 3.2.1.1 Lead-Acid Batteries
  - 3.2.1.2 Sodium Sulfur Batteries
  - 3.2.1.3 Flow Batteries
  - 3.2.1.4 Lithium-Ion Batteries
- 3.2.2 Other Micro Storage Microgrid Options
  - 3.2.2.1 Flywheels
  - 3.2.2.2 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
  - 3.2.2.3 Supercapacitors
  - 3.2.2.4 Commercialization
3.3 Inverter Technologies
- 3.3.1 History
- 3.3.2 Basic Principles
- 3.3.3 Pros and Cons
- 3.3.4 Types
- 3.3.5 Commercialization Time Horizon
- 3.3.6 Cost
- 3.3.7 Efficiency
- 3.3.8 Reliability
- 3.3.9 Scalability
- 3.3.10 Availability
3.4 Microgrids
- 3.4.1 History
- 3.4.2 Basic Principles
- 3.4.3 Pros and Cons
- 3.4.4 Types
- 3.4.5 Commercialization Time Horizon
- 3.4.6 Cost
- 3.4.7 Efficiency
- 3.4.8 Reliability
- 3.4.9 Scalability
- 3.4.10 Availability

4. Key Industry Players

4.1 Electric Utilities
- 4.1.1 American Electric Power
- 4.1.2 Sacramento Municipal Utility District
4.2 Large Major Brand Players
- 4.2.1 General Electric
- 4.2.2 IBM
4.3 Inverter Innovations
- 4.3.1 SMA Solar Technology
- 4.3.2 Silent Power, Inc.
4.4 CHP/Inverter Islanding Systems: CERTS Technology
- 4.4.1 Tecogen
4.5 Non-Utility Microgrid Innovations
- 4.5.1 Balance Energy
- 4.5.2 Non-Synchronous Energy Electronics, LLC
4.6 Energy Storage Innovators
- 4.6.1 ZBB Energy Corp
4.7 Smart Switches
- 4.7.1 S&C Electric
4.8 Storage Providers
- 4.8.1 Infotility

5. Market Forecasts

5.1 Electricity and Smart Grid Trends
5.2 Microgrid Barriers and Incentives
- 5.2.1 Barriers
- 5.2.2 Incentives
5.3 Microgrid Overview
5.4 RDEG Technologies
- 5.4.1 Solar PV
- 5.4.2 Small Wind
- 5.4.3 Fuel Cells
5.5 Micro Storage Applicable to Microgrids
- 5.5.1 Batteries
  - 5.5.1.1 Lead Lead-Acid Batteries
  - 5.5.1.2 Sodium Sulfur Batteries
  - 5.5.1.3 Flow Batteries
    - 5.5.1.3.1 Vanadium Redox Batteries
    - 5.5.1.3.2 Zinc Bromide Batteries
  - 5.5.1.4 Lithium-Ion Batteries
- 5.5.2 Other Micro Storage Microgrid Options
  - 5.5.2.1 Flywheels
  - 5.5.2.2 SMES
  - 5.5.2.3 Supercapacitors
5.6 Inverters
- 5.6.1 Solar PV Inverters
- 5.6.2 Small Wind Inverters
- 5.6.3 Fuel Cell Inverters
  - 5.6.3.1 Global Overview
  - 5.6.3.2 North America
  - 5.6.3.3 Europe
  - 5.6.3.4 Asia Pacific
  - 5.6.3.5 Rest of World
5.7 Microgrid Segments
- 5.7.1 Grid-Tied Community/Utility Microgrids
  - 5.7.1.1 Case Study: FortZED
  - 5.7.1.2 Global Overview
    - 5.7.1.2.1 North America
    - 5.7.1.2.2 Europe
    - 5.7.1.2.3 Asia Pacific
    - 5.7.1.2.4 Rest of World
- 5.7.2 Commercial/Industrial (Multiple Owners)
  - 5.7.2.1 Case Study: The Aomori Project
  - 5.7.2.2 Global Overview
    - 5.7.2.2.1 North America
    - 5.7.2.2.2 Europe
    - 5.7.2.2.3 Asia Pacific
    - 5.7.2.2.4 Rest of World
- 5.7.3 Institutional/Campus
  - 5.7.3.1 Case Study: Illinois Institute of Technology
  - 5.7.3.2 Global Overview
    - 5.7.3.2.1 North America
    - 5.7.3.2.2 Europe
    - 5.7.3.2.3 Asia Pacific
    - 5.7.3.2.4 Rest of World
- 5.7.4 Remote “Off-Grid” Microgrids
  - 5.7.4.1 Case Study: Bella Coola
  - 5.7.4.2 Global Overview
    - 5.7.4.2.1 North America
    - 5.7.4.2.2 Europe
    - 5.7.4.2.3 Asia Pacific
    - 5.7.4.2.4 Rest of World
- 5.7.5 Military Microgrids
  - 5.7.5.1 Case Study: Twentynine Palms Marine Base
  - 5.7.5.2 Global Overview
  - 5.7.5.2.1 North America
  - 5.7.5.2.2 Europe
  - 5.7.5.2.3 Asia Pacific
  - 5.7.5.2.4 Rest of World

6. Company Directory

7. Acronym and Abbreviation List

8. Table of Contents

9. Table of Charts and Figures

10. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

Microgrid Capacity, World Markets: 2010-2015
Annual RDEG Technologies Capacity Additions, World Markets: 2007-2013
Microgrid Capacity, World Markets: 2010-1015
Microgrid Capacity by Deployment Type, World Markets: 2010-2015
Market Sector Revenue Breakdown, North America: 2015
Market Sector Revenue Breakdown, Europe: 2015
Market Sector Revenue Breakdown, Asia Pacific: 2015
Market Sector Revenue Breakdown, Rest of World: 2015
Transmission Capacity Lags Behind Demand Growth
Super Grids versus Microgrids
PQR Hierarchy
Microgrid Architectures
Distributed Energy Resources Lower Reliability Costs
Conventional and Microgrid Paradigms
Inverter Conversion Wave Forms
Microgrid Energy Flows from Fuels to End Uses
Remote Microgrid Market Opportunity
Microgrid Payback Periods and Market Penetration
NSEE Stamford, Connecticut Microgrid Architecture
Total Energy Use by 2050
Capacity Growth Through 2050
Global Smart Grid Growth Spending Trends
States with Utility Revenue Decoupling
States with Net Metering Policies
States with Real-Time Pricing or Time-of-Use Rates
Navigant Microgrid Scenarios
Fisher-Pry S Curve for Microgrids
Microgrid Portion of U.S. CHP Market
Inverter Revenue Forecast, World Market: 2009-2015
Aomori Project Architecture
ITT Perfect Power Prototype
Bella Coola Off-Grid Architecture
GE' s Military Microgrid Architecture
Microgrids SWOT Analysis
Cost Projections for Energy Storage Technologies ($/kW)
Revenue Forecasts for Energy Storage Technologies ($ Millions)
Inverter Price per Watt Projections
American Electric Power SWOT Analysis
Sacramento Municipal Utility District SWOT Analysis
General Electric SWOT Analysis
IBM SWOT Analysis
SMA Solar Technology SWOT Analysis
Silent Power SWOT Analysis
Tecogen SWOT Analysis
Balance Energy SWOT Analysis
Non-Synchronous Energy Electronics SWOT Analysis
ZBB Energy SWOT Analysis
S&C Electric SWOT Analysis
Infotility SWOT Analysis
Feed-In Tariff Rates, Europe and Asia
List of Tables
Microgrid Global Capacity, World Markets: 2009-2015
Annual Growth of Microgrid Capacity, World Markets: 2010-2015
Microgrid Segmentation by Deployment Type, World Markets: 2009-2015
Annual Growth of Microgrid Markets, World Markets: 2010-2015
Microgrid System Revenue, World Markets, 2010-2015
Microgrid System Prices, World Markets: 2010-2015
Inverter Capacity, World Markets: 2009-2015
Annual Growth of Inverter Capacity, World Markets: 2010-2015
Inverter Installed Price, World Markets: 2009-2015