Report: Energy Efficiency Retrofits for Commercial and Public Buildings: Office, Educational, Retail, and other Key Segments and the Effects of Performance Contracting, ESCOs, LEED, and Energy Star TOC

1. Executive Summary

2. Market Issues

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Demand Drivers
- 2.2.1 Holistic benefits of green building: opportunities in a down market
  - 2.2.1.1 Employee productivity
  - 2.2.1.2 Intangible branding
- 2.2.2 Awareness
  - 2.2.2.1 Split incentive: individual vs. society and planet
- 2.2.3 Certification
  - 2.2.3.1 LEED
  - 2.2.3.2 Energy Star Portfolio Manager
  - 2.2.3.3 ISO 14001 (minor)
- 2.2.4 2030 Challenge
- 2.2.5 Legislative and regulatory incentives and drivers
  - 2.2.5.1 Indirect benefits
  - 2.2.5.2 Decoupling utility profits
  - 2.2.5.3 American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009
  - 2.2.5.4 Reinvestment and Recovery Act, part II
  - 2.2.5.4.1 The two-year, nine million jobs investment plan
  - 2.2.5.5 Tax credits and incentives
  - 2.2.5.6 Regulations
  - 2.2.5.7 Energy efficiency portfolios
  - 2.2.5.8 Carbon cap and trade
- 2.2.6 Appraisal and valuation
2.3 Market Segmentation
- 2.3.1 Introduction
  - 2.3.1.1 Centralized vs. local control in each segment
- 2.3.2 Market segments, building activity, and ownership
  - 2.3.2.1 Introduction
  - 2.3.2.2 Office
  - 2.3.2.3 Education
    - 2.3.2.3.1 K-12
    - 2.3.2.3.2 CHPS
    - 2.3.2.3.3 LEED for schools
    - 2.3.2.3.4 Colleges and universities
    - 2.3.2.3.5 Challenges
    - 2.3.2.3.6 Opportunities
  - 2.3.2.4 Warehouse and storage
  - 2.3.2.5 Retail
  - 2.3.2.6 Lodging
  - 2.3.2.7 Healthcare
  - 2.3.2.8 Food sales and services
- 2.3.3 Market segments, ownership
  - 2.3.3.1 Credit availability
  - 2.3.3.2 Private owner occupied
  - 2.3.3.3 Private lease
  - 2.3.3.4 Public
  - 2.3.3.5 Federal government
  - 2.3.3.6 State and local government-owned facilities
- 2.3.4 Market segments, building size
- 2.3.5 Market segments, building age
- 2.3.6 Market segments, regional
- 2.3.7 Summary
2.4 Energy Efficiency vs. Comprehensive Green Update
- 2.4.1 Productivity

3. Energy Efficiency Products and Services

3.1 Financial
- 3.1.1 Performance Contracting
  - 3.1.1.1 ESCO
- 3.1.2 Purchase-upgrade-leaseback
- 3.1.3 Financing through property taxes and utility bills
- 3.1.4 Self-financing supply chains / alternative currencies
3.2 Cultural
- 3.2.1 Changing habits
- 3.2.2 Popularity: energy efficiency vs. renewable energy
3.3 Software
3.4 Hardware
- 3.4.1 Shell and lighting
  - 3.4.1.1 Greenroof
- 3.4.2 HVAC
- 3.4.3 IEQ
3.5 Holistic Approach
- 3.5.1 Building commissioning
- 3.5.2 Integrated Design
3.6 Durability

4. Examples of Industry Players

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Aquaproducts
4.3 Daylighting and Energy
- 4.3.1 Kalwall
- 4.3.2 Southwall
- 4.3.3 Sunoptics
4.4 ESCO
- 4.4.1 Johnson Controls
- 4.4.2 Siemens
4.5 Class Green Capital

5. Market Forecasts

5.1 Carbon cap and trade
5.2 ESCO market
5.3 Building certification
5.4 Potential energy efficiency market, major and minor
- 5.4.1 Introduction and methods
- 5.4.2 Minor upgrades
  - 5.4.2.1 Results
  - 5.4.2.2 Minor upgrades, analysis
  - 5.4.2.3 Conclusion, minor upgrades
- 5.4.3 Major upgrades
  - 5.4.3.1 Results, major upgrades
  - 5.4.3.2 Major upgrades, analysis
5.5 Market size
- 5.5.1 New green construction
- 5.5.2 Energy efficiency retrofits
- 5.5.3 Market forecast scenarios
  - 5.5.3.1 Minor upgrade scenario
  - 5.5.3.2 Major renovation scenario
5.6 Federal legislation

6. Company Directory

7. Acronym and Abbreviation List

8. Table of Contents

9. Table of Charts and Tables

10. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology

Table of Charts and Figures

Overview of Primary Factors in the Commercial Building Retrofit Market
Summary of Key Facts and Figures for the Commercial Building Retrofit Market
Relative Importance of Factors Influencing Adoption of Sustainable Building Practices
U.S. Retail Gasoline Prices, 1990-2008
Average U.S. Electricity Price per kWh Including Taxes: 1960-2007
Commercial Space by Building Activity
Energy Use by Commercial Buildings Built Before 2000, by Building Activity
K-12 Enrollment: 1990-2017
Post-Secondary Enrollment (Millions of Students)
Food Sales and Services Centralization
Government Space by Building Activity
Total Building Space by Level of Government and Building Activity (BSF)
January 2009 Scorecards of Federal Cabinet-Level Departments
Total Area of Commercial Buildings by Size Category
Number of Commercial Buildings by Size Category
Total Square Footage by Age of Building
Existing Space Constructed Before 2000
Commercial Building Space by Age and Principal Activity
Energy Use Per Unit Area in California Commercial Buildings: 1970-2005
Energy Expenditures in Commercial Buildings by State
Annual Energy Expenditure by State, Commercial Bldgs.
Energy Efficiency Retrofit Challenges and Opportunities, by Market Niche
Direct and Indirect Benefits, from Studies
Smart Building Components
Existing Commercial Floorspace with Popular Energy Efficiency Measures Installed: 1999 & 2003
Energy Efficiency Tools Implemented by Building Activity
Common Energy Efficiency Tools and Technologies, Organized by Cost
U.S. ESCO Industry Annual Revenue for Energy Efficiency Retrofits: 1990-2013
New Construction and Major Renovation (BSF), Total and Green Certified: 2008-2020
New Construction and Major Renovation, Energy Star & LEED-EB Buildings: 2008-2020
U.S. Commercial Building Space by Age and Activity
Space that Could Benefit from Energy Efficiency Improvements by Building Activity
Buildings that Would Benefit from Enhanced O&M: Cost to Launch and Annual Savings
Buildings that Would Benefit from Enhanced O&M: Incremental Savings over 5 Years
Buildings that Would Benefit from Major Energy Efficiency Upgrades, by Building activity
25% Growth in Major EE Upgrades to Renovate all Building Stock by 2030: 2009-2030
Revenue Forecast for Enhanced O&M, by Building Activity and Manager: 2009-2013
Revenue Forecast for Major Green Renovations, by Building Activity: 2009-2013

Table of Tables

U.S. Retail Gasoline Prices (Regular)
Average U.S. Electricity Price per kWh Including Taxes: 1964-2007
Commercial Space by Building Activity
Energy Use by Commercial Buildings Built Before 2000, by Building Activity
K-12 Student Enrollment: 1990-2017
Post-Secondary Student Enrollment: 1985-2007
Government Space by Building Activity
Total Area of Commercial Buildings by Size Category
Number of Commercial Buildings by Size Category
Existing Commercial Building Space Constructed Before 2000
Commercial Building Space by Age and Principal Building Activity
Energy Expenditures in Commercial Buildings by State: 2006
Annual Energy Expenditure Share by US State, Commercial Buildings
Energy Use by Activity & Building Age
Existing Commercial Floorspace with Popular Energy Efficiency Measures Installed: 1999 & 2003
Energy Efficiency Tools Implemented by Building Activity
U.S. ESCO Industry Annual Revenue for Energy Efficiency Retrofits in Commercial Building, 1990-2013
Annual New Construction and Major Renovation (BSF), Total and Green Certified: 2008-2020
Annual New Construction and Major Renovation (BSF), Energy Star and LEED-EB Certified Buildings: 2008-2020
U.S. Commercial Building Space by Age & Activity
Space that Could Benefit from Energy Efficiency Improvements, by Building Activity
Buildings that Would Benefit from Enhanced Operations & Maintenance, by Building Activity: Cost to Launch Program and Annual Savings
Buildings that Would Benefit from Enhanced Operations & Maintenance, by Building Activity: Incremental Savings During 5-Year Ramp-UP
Buildings that Would Benefit from Major Energy Efficiency Upgrades, by Building Activity
Annual Revenue Forecast for Enhanced Operations & Maintenance, by Building Activity & Manager: 2009-2013
Annual Revenue Forecast for Major Green Renovations, by Building Activity & Owner: 2009-2013
Commercial Space Renovated with Excellent Energy Efficiency: 2009-2030