Electric, plug-in hybrid and fuel cell vehicles: technologies and trends

Table of Contents

Introduction

MARKET DRIVERS

• Carbon dioxide emissions regulations
  • Europe
  • The United States
  • Japan
  • Other countries

• Fuel prices
• Incentives
• Consumer preferences

MARKET BARRIERS

• Electricity recharging infrastructure
• Hydrogen refuelling infrastructure
• Hydrogen production
• Range
• Cost

MARKET FORECASTS

• Batteries
• Pure electric vehicles
• Plug-in hybrid vehicles
• Fuel cell vehicles

PURE ELECTRIC VEHICLES

• History
• Current electric vehicles
  • Low-speed
  • neighbourhood
  • vehicles
  • Two-seaters
  • Four/five-seaters
  • Sports cars
  • Re-engineered vehicles
  • Light commercial vehicles
  • Heavy commercial vehicles

PLUG-IN HYBRID VEHICLES

• Parallel plug-in hybrids
• Series plug-in hybrids

FUEL CELL VEHICLES

• Light fuel cell vehicles
• Light commercial fuel cell vehicles
• Fuel cell buses

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

• Batteries
  • Lead-acid
  • Nickel metal hydride
  • Lithium-ion
  • Super iron
  • Metal-air
  • Super-capacitors

• Electric motors
• Electronic components
• Fuel cells
• On-board hydrogen storage
• On-board hydrogen production
• Regenerative braking
• Electrically-driven ancillaries
• Brakes