Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 9
- 1.1 Scope9
- 1.2 Structure10
- 1.3 Importance10
- 1.4 Research Methodology10
- 1.5 Target Audience10
2.0 RFID -- What it is about 12
- 2.1 RFID Communications Channel12
- 2.1.1 Information12
- 2.1.2 Characteristics13
- 2.2 RFID and Bar Code13
- 2.3 RFID Benefits14
- 2.4 History15
3.0 Applications-RFID Everywhere 19
- 3.1 Examples: Who's using RFID?19
- 3.1.1 Application Categories20
- 3.2 Commercial21
- 3.2.1 Healthcare21
- 3.2.2 Manufacturing Processes22
- 3.2.3 Retail22
- 3.2.4 Animal identification23
- 3.2.5 Intelligent Highway24
- 3.2.6 Security25
- 3.2.7 Libraries25
- 3.3 Military26
- 3.3.1 Sensors26
- 3.3.2 Movement and Inventory26
- 3.3.3 IDs26
- 3.4 Homeland Security27
- 3.5 Summary30
4.0 Technology 31
- 4.1 Components31
- 4.1.2 Tag32
- 4.1.2.1 Importance32
- 4.1.2.2 Structure32
- 4.1.2.3 Air Interface32
- 4.1.2.4 Types33
- 4.1.2.4.1 Passive Tag33
- 4.1.2.4.2 Active Tag34
- 4.1.2.5 Memories34
- 4.1.3 Communications Media34
- 4.1.3.1 Inductive Coupling34
- 4.1.3.2 Backscatter Coupling35
- 4.1.3.3 Classifications36
- 4.1.4 IG37
- 4.1.4.1 General38
- 4.1.4.2 Types38
- 4.1.5 RFID Channel Frequencies38
- 4.1.6 Antenna (Tag)41
- 4.2 RFID Laws: Standards and Regulatory41
- 4.2.1 General41
- 4.2.2 Competing Standards41
- 4.3 Examples: RFID Systems42
- 4.3.1 Electronic Articles Surveillance43
- 4.3.2 Disposables43
- 4.3.3 Chipless RFID44
- 4.4 System Parameters45
5.0 RFID and Society 46
6.0 RFID Networks 48
- 6.1 General48
- 6.2 RFID "Network" Requirements48
- 6.2.1 Wired48
- 6.2.2 Wireless48
- 6.2.3 Specifics49
- 6.2.4 Reader Control49
- 6.2.5 Similarities50
- 6.2.6 Challenges50
- 6.2.7 Goal52
- 6.2.8 Traffic and Layers52
- 6.2.9 Management Issues54
7.0 Market: Drivers, Barriers and Forecast 55
- 7.1 Market Drivers55
- 7.1.1 Operational Expense (OPEX) Savings55
- 7.1.2 CAPEX Considerations55
- 7.1.3 Technological Factor55
- 7.2 Market Specifics56
- 7.3 Market Barriers and Issues56
- 7.4 Market Forecast58
- 7.4.1 Model Assumptions58
- 7.4.2 Equipment59
- 7.4.2.1 Tags59
- 7.4.2.2 Interrogators63
- 7.4.3 Systems64
- 7.4.4 Services65
- 7.4.5 Regional Differences65
- 7.4.6 RFID Networks65
- 7.4.7 Sensitivity Analysis66
- 7.4.8 Major Applications: Summary66
8.0 Technical and Economical Characteristics of RFID System Components:
Summary 68
- 8.1 Technical68
- 8.2 Economics72
9.0 Market Players 73
- 9.1 Applications Segmentation73
- Allflex73
- Argent74
- Avante75
- Data Technology Group75
- Deuteron Acquisition75
- Mannings RFID76
- TI76
- Philips Semiconductor77
- Quelis ID Systems78
- RFIDlogic79
- ActiveWave80
- IBM81
- Cathexis82
- EMS83
- EMS Technology84
- MVS84
- CheckPoint85
- PDC86
- ST Logitrack87
- 9.2 Passive Tag Vendors87
- Alien Technology87
- Avante International88
- CES89
- Hitachi89
- Matrics89
- MPI Labels91
- RFSaw92
- UPM Rafsec93
- 9.3 Software93
- 9.4 Systems95
- Innovision95
- Reva96
- Savi96
- TAGSYS98
- TranScore100
- RFID, Inc.101
- 9.5 IGs102
- AWID102
- CopyTag103
- ID Systems103
- RFIDGraphics104
- 9.6 Active Tags105
- Axcess105
- DTE108
- Intermec109
- 9.7 ICs111
- Atmel111
- EM Microelectronics112
- Infineon113
- 9.8 Electronic Articles Surveillance113
- 9.9 RFID Networks114
- Applied Logistics114
- Blue Vector115
- Cisco116
- ConnecTerra117
- Auto-ID Center118
- GlobeRanger120
- iAnywhere122
- ProdexNet124
- Sun124
- Suvy and HPH125
- 9.10 RFID and Homeland Security126
10.0 Sample of Patents 128
11.0 Trials and Projects 130
- 11.1 Wal-Mart130
- 11.2 Mark & Spencer130
- 11.3 Tesco131
- 11.4 Other132
12.0 Competition 133
- 12.1 General133
- 12.2 Standards134
- 12.2.1 Proximity Cards ISO/IEC 14443135
- 12.2.2 Vicinity Cards (ISO 15963)135
- 12.2.3 Close-coupled Cards136
13.0 Findings and Conclusions 137
Appendix 1. RFID Standards 139
List of Figures
- Figure 1: RFID Communication Link12
- Figure 2: RFID Simplified31
- Figure 3: RFID Near-field and Far-field37
- Figure 4: RFID Channels Classification37
- Figure 5: Tag Market Estimate ($M)60
- Figure 6: RFID Tag Market Estimate (Qty. in Millions)60
- Figure 7: RFID Passive Tag Market estimate ($M)61
- Figure 8: RFID Passive Tag Market Estimate (Qty. in Millions)61
- Figure 9: RFID Active Tag Market Estimate ($M)62
- Figure 10: RFID Active Tag Market Estimate (Qty. in Millions)62
- Figure 11: RFID Interrogator Market Estimate ($M)63
- Figure 12: RFID Interrogator Market Estimate (Qty. in Millions)64
- Figure 13: Estimate: RFID Network Equipment Market (M)66
List of Tables
- Table 1: RFID Frequencies40
- Table 2: RFID Frequency Plans by Regions41
- Table 3: Geographical Segmentation65
- Table 4: Example: Passive Tag with Small Range69
- Table 5: Example: Active Tag69
- Table 6: Required Tag Specification70
- Table 7: IG Characteristic (library applications)71
- Table 8: IG for Harsh Environment (Characteristics)71
- Table 9: Smart Cards Standards134
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