RFID and UWB Role - Technologies and Markets 2006

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction 10

• 1.1 Scope10
• 1.2 Structure11
• 1.3 Importance11
• 1.4 Research Methodology11
• 1.5 Target Audience12

2.0 RFID -- What it is about 13

• 2.1 RFID Communications Channel13
• 2.1.1 Information13
• 2.1.2 Characteristics14
• 2.2 RFID and Bar Code14
• 2.3 RFID Benefits15
• 2.4 History16

3.0 Applications-RFID Everywhere 20

• 3.1 Examples: Who's using RFID?20
• 3.1.1 Application Categories21
• 3.2 Commercial22
• 3.2.1 Healthcare22
• 3.2.2 Manufacturing Processes23
• 3.2.3 Retail23
• 3.2.4 Animal identification24
• 3.2.5 Intelligent Highway25
• 3.2.6 Security26
• 3.2.7 Libraries26
• 3.3 Military27
• 3.3.1 Sensors27
• 3.3.2 Movement and Inventory27
• 3.3.3 IDs27
• 3.4 Homeland Security28
• 3.5 Summary31

4.0 Technology 32

• 4.1 Components32
  • 4.1.2 Tag33
    • 4.1.2.1 Importance33
    • 4.1.2.2 Structure33
    • 4.1.2.3 Air Interface33
    • 4.1.2.4 Types34
      • 4.1.2.4.1 Passive Tag34
      • 4.1.2.4.2 Active Tag35
    • 4.1.2.5 Memories35
  • 4.1.3 Communications Media35
    • 4.1.3.1 Inductive Coupling35
    • 4.1.3.2 Backscatter Coupling36
    • 4.1.3.3 Classifications37
  • 4.1.4 IG38
    • 4.1.4.1 General39
    • 4.1.4.2 Types39
  • 4.1.5 RFID Channel Frequencies39
  • 4.1.6 Antenna (Tag)42
• 4.2 RFID Laws: Standards and Regulatory42
  • 4.2.1 General42
  • 4.2.2 Competing Standards42
• 4.3 Examples: RFID Systems44
  • 4.3.1 Electronic Articles Surveillance44
  • 4.3.2 Disposables44
  • 4.3.3 Chipless RFID45
• 4.4 System Parameters46

5.0 RFID and Society 47

• 5.1 Privacy Concern47
  • 5.1.1 Opinion48

6.0 Ultra Wide Band Technology (UWB) 49

• 6.1 Origin49
• 6.2 Spectrum Allocation49
• 6.3 Major Features51
  • 6.3.1 Benefits52
• 6.4 Standards and Regulations53
  • 6.4.1 Multiband OFDM53
  • 6.4.2 DS-UWB54
  • 6.4.3 Standards Bodies55
  • 6.4.4 WiMedia Alliance55
  • 6.4.5 FCC and ETSI55
  • 6.4.6 ECMA International57
• 6.5 Applications57
  • 6.5.1 Home Security58
  • 6.5.2 Phones58
  • 6.5.3 Impacts on Public Safety58
  • 6.3.4 RFID59
• 6.6 Issues59

7.0 Market: Drivers, Barriers and Forecast 60

• 7.1 Market Drivers60
  • 7.1.1 Operational Expense (OPEX) Savings60
  • 7.1.2 CAPEX Considerations60
  • 7.1.3 Technological Factor60
• 7.2 Market Specifics61
• 7.3 Market Barriers and Issues61
• 7.4 Market Forecast63
  • 7.4.1 Model Assumptions63
  • 7.4.2 Equipment64
    • 7.4.2.1 Tags64
    • 7.4.2.2 Interrogators68
  • 7.4.3 Systems69
  • 7.4.4 Services70
  • 7.4.5 Regional Differences70
  • 7.4.6 RFID UWB70
  • 7.4.7 Sensitivity Analysis73
  • 7.4.8 Major Applications: Summary73

8.0 Technical and Economical Characteristics of RFID System Components: Summary 74

• 8.1 Technical74
  • 8.1.1 TAGS74
  • 8.1.2 IGs76
• 8.2 Economics78

9.0 Market Players 80

• 9.1 Applications Segmentation80
  • Allflex80
  • Argent81
  • Avante82
  • Data Technology Group82
  • Deuteron Acquisition82
  • Mannings RFID83
  • TI83
  • Philips Semiconductor84
  • Quelis ID Systems85
  • RFIDlogic86
  • ActiveWave87
  • IBM88
  • Cathexis89
  • EMS90
  • EMS Technology91
  • MVS91
  • CheckPoint92
  • PDC93
  • ST Logitrack94
• 9.2 Passive Tag Vendors94
  • Alien Technology94
  • Avante International95
  • CES96
  • Hitachi96
  • Matrics96
  • MPI Labels98
  • RFSaw99
  • UPM Rafsec100
• 9.3 Software100
  • Acumen101
  • ASC101
• 9.4 Systems102
  • Innovision102
  • Reva103
  • Savi103
  • TAGSYS105
  • TranScore107
  • RFID, Inc.108
• 9.5 IGs109
  • AWID109
  • CopyTag110
  • ID Systems110
  • RFIDGraphics111
• 9.6 Active Tags112
  • Axcess112
  • DTE115
  • Intermec116
• 9.7 ICs118
  • Atmel118
  • EM Microelectronics119
  • Infineon120
• 9.8 Electronic Articles Surveillance120
  • Unisen120
• 9.9 RFID Networks121
  • Applied Logistics121
  • Blue Vector122
  • Cisco123
  • ConnecTerra124
  • Auto-ID Center125
  • GlobeRanger127
  • iAnywhere129
  • ProdexNet131
  • Sun131
  • Suvy and HPH132
• 9.10 RFID and Homeland Security133
  • IRIS Corporation133
• 9.11 UWB RFID134
  • Aether134
  • Alereon135
  • Artimi136
  • Focus Enhancement137
  • Freescale137
  • Multispectral138
  • Parco139
  • Pulse~ Link140
  • TriQuint142
  • Staccato143
  • Time Domain144
  • TZero145
  • Ubisense145
  • WiQuest147

10.0 Sample of Patents 149

11.0 Trials and Projects 151

• 11.1 Wal-Mart151
• 11.2 Mark & Spencer151
• 11.3 Tesco152
• 11.4 Other153

12.0 Competition 154

• 12.1 General154
• 12.2 Standards155
  • 12.2.1 Proximity Cards ISO/IEC 14443156
  • 12.2.2 Vicinity Cards (ISO 15963)156
  • 12.2.3 Close-coupled Cards157

13.0 Findings and Conclusions 158

Appendix 1. RFID Standards 160

List of Figures

• Figure 1: RFID Communication Link13
• Figure 2: RFID Simplified32
• Figure 3: RFID Near-field and Far-field38
• Figure 4: RFID Channels Classification38
• Figure 5: UWB Spectrum50
• Figure 6: Tag Market Estimate ($M)65
• Figure 7: RFID Tag Market Estimate (Qty. in Millions)65
• Figure 8: RFID Passive Tag Market Estimate ($M)66
• Figure 9: RFID Passive Tag Market Estimate (Qty. in Millions)66
• Figure 10: RFID Active Tag Market Estimate ($M)67
• Figure 11: RFID Active Tag Market Estimate (Qty. in Millions)68
• Figure 12: RFID Interrogator Market Estimate ($M)68
• Figure 13: RFID Interrogator Market Estimate (Qty. in Millions)69
• Figure 14: Market Estimate: UWB Circuitry ($B)71
• Figure 15: Market Estimate: Multiband OFDM UWB Circuitry ($B)71
• Figure 16: Market Estimate: DS UWB Circuitry ($B)72
• Figure 17: Market Estimate: UWB RFID ($B)72

List of Tables

• Table 1: RFID Frequencies41
• Table 2: RFID Frequency Plans by Regions42
• Table 3: EPC Global Tag Classification43
• Table 4: Comparison: DS-UWB and MB-OFDM55
• Table 5: FCC Emission Limits56
• Table 6: Geographical Segmentation70
• Table 7: Example: Passive Tag with Small Range75
• Table 8: Example: Active Tag75
• Table 9: Required Tag Specification76
• Table 10: IG Characteristic (library applications)77
• Table 11: IG for Harsh Environment (Characteristics)77
• Table 12: Smart Cards Standards155