Nomadic Callers: Localization in Emergency Situations - Assessment of Technologies and Markets

1.0 Introduction

• 1.1 Brief History
  • 1.1.2 VoIP Specifics
  • 1.1.3 First Responders
• 1.2 Scope
• 1.3 Structure
• 1.4 Research Methodology
• 1.5 Target Audience

PART I

2.0 Localization of Cellular Caller and Localization Techniques

• 2.1 Beginning
• 2.2 Needs
  • 2.2.1 Details
• 2.3 Regulations Details: E911/E112
• 2.4 Standards for Position Location Systems
  • 2.4.1 Organizations20
    • 2.4.1.1 LOC and Location Interoperability Forum (LIF)
    • 2.4.1.2 Open Geospatial Consortium
  • 2.4.2 Process
  • 2.4.3 Protocols
    • 2.4.3.1 MPP
    • 2.4.3.2 SLoP
    • 2.4.3.3 Open GIS Specification
    • 2.4.3.4 Mobile Location Protocol
    • 2.4.3.5 TIA
    • 2.4.3.6 NENA
• 2.5 PL Technologies
  • 2.5.1 E911 PLS Network Requirements
    • 2.5.1.1 Two Approaches
• 2.6 Features: Network-Based Systems
• 2.7 Methods
  • 2.7.1 Network-Based
    • 2.7.1.1 AOA (Angle of Arrival)
  • 2.7.2 Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)
  • 2.7.3 U-TDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)
  • 2.7.4 TOA (Time of Arrival)
  • 2.7.5 E-OTD (Enhanced Observed Time Difference)
  • 2.7.6 A-FLT (Advanced Forward Link Trilateration)
  • 2.7.7 E-CID (Enhanced Cell Identification)
  • 2.7.8 Location Pattern Matching (LPM)
• 2.8 Local Methods
  • 2.8.1 GPS (Global Position System)
  • 2.8.2 A-GPS (Assisted Global Position System)
• 2.9 Hybrid Location Systems
  • 2.9.1 Commercial Success: gpsOne Hybrid Overview
• 2.10 Parameters
• 2.11 Comparison
• 2.12 E911 Call Processing
• 2.13 Issues
  • 2.13.1 PSAP Activity
• 2.14 Economics and Technologies: Challenges
• 2.15 Europe E112 and Other
• 2.16 Market
  • 2.16.1 General: PLS Market Drivers
  • 2.16.2 U.S. and Europe: Differences
  • 2.16.3 Market Forecast
    • 2.16.3.1 Model Assumptions
    • 2.16.3.2 Estimates
      • 2.16.3.2.1 Services
      • 2.16.3.2.2 Equipment
• 2.17 Service Providers
• 2.18 Equipment/Software Vendors
  • 911 Datamaster (cell-VoIP)
  • Alcatel-Lucent
  • Andrew
  • CPS (Cambridge Position Systems- acquired by CSR)
  • Cell-Loc (Network-based solutions)
  • CellPoint (Network-based solutions)
  • CompassCom
  • Ericsson
  • GlobalLocate (acquired by Broadcom)
  • OpenCell (acquired by ADC in 2007)
  • OpenWave
  • Polaris Wireless (software)
  • Qualcomm
  • Rosum
  • RedSky
  • SIRF
  • SignalSoft Corporation (Openwave)
  • SkyHook Wireless
  • SnapTrack (Acquired by Qualcomm)
  • TechnoCom
  • Tendler Cellular

Part II

Ultra Wideband Technology - Reliable Assistant for First Responders

3.0 First Responders Localization Specifics

• 3.1 UWB: General
• 3.2 Brief Description
• 3.3 UWB: Technology Specifics
  • 3.3.1 General
    • 3.3.1.1 UWB Localization
      • 3.3.1.1.1 Wireless Sensor Networks
  • 3.3.2 Definition
  • 3.3.3 Rates
  • 3.3.4 Spectrum Allocation
    • 3.3.4.1 Choices
  • 3.3.5 Major Features
    • 3.3.5.1 Communications Features
    • 3.3.5.2 Positioning Characteristics
      • 3.3.5.2.1 Sensor Networks
  • 3.3.6 Standards and Regulations
    • 3.3.6.1 Multiband OFDM
    • 3.3.6.2 DS-UWB
    • 3.3.6.3 Standards Bodies
      • 3.3.6.3.1 Groups
      • 3.3.6.3.2 Forces
    • 3.3.6.4 FCC and ETSI
    • 3.3.6.5 ECMA International-ISO
    • 3.3.6.6 ITU and International
• 3.4 Applications
  • 3.4.1 General
  • 3.4.2 Home Security
  • 3.4.3 RFID
  • 3.4.4 Communications and Imaging
    • 3.4.4.1 Imaging systems
    • 3.4.4.2 Sensor Networks1
    • 3.4.4.3 Ranging
      • 3.4.4.3.1 Positioning Systems-EUROPCOM-First Responders Gear
  • 3.4.5 Summary
• 3.5 Issues
• 3.6 Market
• 3.7 Industry
  • Aether (localization devices)
  • Alereon (chipsets)
  • Ansoft (software)1
  • Artimi (chipsets)1
  • BBN (radio, first responders)1
  • Camero (radar, equipment for first responders)
  • decaWave (chipsets)
  • Focus Enhancement (chipsets)
  • Freescale (chipsets, systems)
  • General Atomics (chipsets)
  • Infineon (chips)
  • Intel (chips)
  • LucidPort (USB)
  • Multispectral (RFID and others)
  • Parco (RFID, localization)
  • Pulse~ Link (chipsets)
  • RealTek (chips)
  • Staccato (chipsets)
  • TriQuint (chipsets - homeland security applications)
  • Time Domain (chipsets-fusion of communications & radar)
  • Tzero (chipsets)
  • Ubisense (RFID-tracking)
  • Wisair (chipsets)
  • WiQuest (chipsets)

Part III

4.0 VoIP-Localization of Callers

• 4.1 Task
• 4.2 Issue
• 4.3 FCC
  • 4.3.1 "Interconnected" VoIP
  • 4.3.2 The Federal/State Task Force
• 4.4 Current Structure-U.S.
  • 4.4.1 Differences
  • 4.4.2 Details
  • 4.4.3 911 Call Steps (PSTN)
  • 4.4.4 911 Call Setup and VoIP
    • 4.4.4.1 Phases
• 4.5 The Public Safety Challenges of VoIP Services-Details
• 4.6 E911 AND INTERNET-Summary
• 4.7 VoIP PBX
• 4.8 Market
  • 4.8.1 Drivers
  • 4.8.2 Forecast
• 4.9 Industry
  • HBF (E911 - VoIP)
  • RedSky
  • S5 Wireless
• 4.10 VoIP E911 Service Providers
  • 911 Enable
  • Dash
  • ItelliVerse
  • MapInfo
  • TeleCommunication Systems
  • Vixxi Solutions
  • West Corporation (Intrado, acquired by West in 2006)

5.0 Conclusions

Appendix: FCC Regulations-VoIP E911

Appendix: Glossary

Appendix: 911 Telephone Terminology

Appendix: References

• Figure 1: Categories
• Figure 2: AOA Illustration
• Figure 3: U-TDOA Illustration
• Figure 4: LPM Method
• Figure 5: A-GPS Illustration
• Figure 6: E911 Call Processing
• Figure 7: Worldwide LBS (Location-Based Services) Revenue Estimate ($B)
• Figure 8: LBS Components (2007 view)
• Figure 9: E911/E112 Services Revenue Estimate ($B)
• Figure 10: 2006 View: E911 Revenue vs. E112 and others
• Figure 11: E911 Equipment - Purchase Power
• Figure 12: Market Estimate E911/E112 Equipment (Handset-based Methods, $B)
• Figure 13: E911/E112 Market Estimate: Equipment, Network-based Methods (B)
• Figure 14: Market Estimate: Sell of GPS-able Handsets (M Units)57
• Figure 15: UWB Frequencies
• Figure 16: UWB Spectrum
• Figure 17: Market Estimate: UWB Circuitry ($B)
• Figure 18: Market Estimate: Multiband OFDM UWB Circuitry ($B)
• Figure 19: Market Estimate: DS UWB Circuitry ($B)
• Figure 20: Estimate of UWB Market - Communications Applications ($B)
• Figure 21: Market Estimate: UWB Devices Sale for Localization Application ($M)
• Figure 22: E911 Call Routing (PSTN)
• Figure 23: E911 VoIP Call Routing
• Figure 24: Market Estimate: E911 VoIP Service Segment ($M)
• Figure 25: E911 VoIP Equipment Vendors Revenue: U.S. Market Estimate ($M)

• Table 1: LOC Documents
• Table 2: Methods Comparison
• Table 3: Emergency Numbers (2003 data)
• Table 4: Comparison: DS-UWB and MB-OFDM
• Table 5: FCC Emission Limits
• Table 6: International: UWB Regulations
• Table 7: UWB Applications: Summary