Public Safety Communications Standards and Cognitive Radio: Assessment of Technologies and Markets for First Responders Radio

1. Introduction

• 1.1 General
• 1.2 Public Safety Systems
• 1.3 Standards
  • 1.3.1 TETRA
  • 1.3.2 Project 25
• 1.4 Initial Actions
  • 1.4.1 Road to Interoperability
  • 1.4.2 Technology
• 1.5 Cognitive Radio
• 1.6 Scope and Goals
• 1.7 Research Methodology
• 1.8 Target Audience

2.0 Technology: New Roads for Public Safety Communications

• 2.1 Requirements to Public Safety Radio
• 2.2 Standardization Process and Technologies
  • 2.2.1 General
  • 2.2.2 Beginning
• 2.3 TETRA: Scope-Release I
  • 2.3.1 General
  • 2.3.2 Bands
  • 2.3.3 TETRA and GSM
  • 2.3.4 Main Features
    • 2.3.4.1 General
    • 2.3.4.2 Technical
    • 2.3.4.3 Services
  • 2.3.5 Benefits
  • 2.3.6 Networking
  • 2.3.7 Details
    • 2.3.7.1 General
    • 2.3.7.2 Interfaces
    • 2.3.7.3 Infrastructure
    • 2.3.7.4 Spectrum Allocation
    • 2.3.7.5 Mobiles
  • 2.3.8 Security
  • 2.3.9 Summary
  • 2.3.10 TETRA Release II
    • 2.3.10.1 Need
    • 2.3.10.2 Rational
    • 2.3.10.3 Applications
  • 2.3.11 Trunked Mode Operation (TMO) Range Extension
  • 2.3.12 Adaptive Multiple Rate (AMR) Voice Codec
  • 2.3.13 Mixed Excitation Liner Predictive, enhanced (MELPe) Voice Codec
  • 2.3.14 New Data Services
    • 2.3.14.1 TAPS
    • 2.3.14.2 TEDS
  • 2.3.15 Status on TETRA Release II
  • 2.3.16 Standardization Continues
  • 2.3.17 Market Analysis
    • 2.3.17.1 General
    • 2.3.17.2 Examples
    • 2.3.17.3 Geography
    • 2.3.17.4 Market Drivers-Industries-Applications
    • 2.3.17.5 Market Forecast
      • 2.3.17.5.1 Model Assumptions
      • 2.3.17.5.2 Market Estimate
  • 2.3.18 Vendors
    • Aerial facilities Limited (AFL)-Axell
    • Artevea
    • Celex
    • ClearTone
    • DAMM Cellular
    • EADS
    • Frequentis
    • M/ACom
    • Motorola
    • Niros
    • Pegasus Network
    • Rohde-Schwarz
    • Rohill
    • Teltronic
    • Sepura
    • Selex
    • Team Simoco
    • Thales
  • 2.3.19 Benefits: Summary
• 2.4 General: P25 Standardization Process
  • 2.4.1 Project 25/TIA 102: Scope
    • 2.4.1.1 Efforts
    • 2.4.1.2 Phased Approach
      • 2.4.1.2.1 Phases
      • 2.4.1.2.2 Phase I
      • 2.4.1.2.3 Phase II
      • 2.4.1.2.4 Phase III
  • 2.4.2 Current P25 Development-Phase I
    • 2.4.2.1 General Mission and Objectives
    • 2.4.2.2 Compliance
    • 2.4.2.3 Benefits and Issues
    • 2.4.2.4 Technical Highlights
    • 2.4.2.5 Common Air Interface
    • 2.4.2.6 Fixed Station Interface
    • 2.4.2.7 Console Sub-system Interface
    • 2.4.2.8 RF Sub-system
    • 2.4.2.9 Inter-system Interface (ISSI)
    • 2.4.2.10 Telephone Interconnect Interface
    • 2.4.2.11 Network Management Interface
    • 2.4.2.12 Host and Network Data Interfaces
    • 2.4.2.13 Summary: Interfaces
  • 2.4.3 Security
  • 2.4.4 Coding
  • 2.4.5 Frequency Bands
  • 2.4.6 P25 Voice Messaging
  • 2.4.7 System
  • 2.4.8 Spectrum: Problems
    • 2.4.8.1 700 MHz Band
  • 2.4.9 Major Improvements
  • 2.4.10 Services
  • 2.4.11 Network Scenario
  • 2.4.12 Transition
  • 2.4.13 Phase II
    • 2.4.13.1 Track
    • 2.4.13.2 Scope
    • 2.4.13.3 Time
  • 2.4.14 Motorola and “Harmonized” Solutions
  • 2.4.15 Market Analysis
    • 2.4.15.1 General
    • 2.4.15.2 Geography
    • 2.4.15.3 Market Drivers
    • 2.4.15.4 Market Forecast
      • 2.4.15.4.1 Developments
      • 2.4.15.4.2 Model Assumptions
    • 2.4.15.5 Addressable Market Estimate
  • 2.4.16 Vendors
    • Catalyst
    • Daniels
    • Datron
    • Digital Voice System
    • EDAS Secure Networks
    • EF Johnson
    • Etherstack
    • ICOM America
    • Kenwood
    • M/A-Com (TycoElectronic)
    • Midland
    • Motorola
    • Nexus Wireless
    • Relm
    • Raytheon JPS
    • Thales
    • Tait Electronics
    • Technisonic
    • Westel
    • Wireless Pacific

3.0 Phase III-Project MESA

• 3.1 General
• 3.2 Organization
• 3.3 Background
• 3.4 Project MESA Formulators
• 3.5 Networking
• 3.6 MESA Statement of Requirements (SoR)
  • 3.6.1 General
  • 3.6.2 Vision: Ad-hoc and Cell
    • 3.6.2.1 Features
    • 3.6.2.2 Technological Needs
    • 3.6.2.3 General Technology-Requirements
    • 3.6.2.4 Specific and Functional Requirements
• 3.7 Goals
• 3.8 Applications
• 3.9 Crossroads
  • 3.9.1 Vendors Position
• 3.10 Technology Details: System of Systems
  • 3.10.1 Framework description
• 3.11 Architecture
• 3.12 Security
• 3.13 Projects P25/TETRA and MESA

4.0 Roadblocks

• 4.1 Funding
• 4.2 Spectrum Congestion
• 4.3 Control

5.0 P25 and TETRA

• 5.1 Details

6.0 Cognitive Radio and Interoperability

• 6.1 General
• 6.2 FCC Position
• 6.3 Helping First Responders
• 6.3.1 Abilities
• 6.4 Standardization
• 6.5 Terminology
• 6.6 Structure
• 6.7 SDR Improvements
• 6.8 Spectrum: Regulations
• 6.9 Cognitive Radio Features
  • 6.9.1 Reconfigurability
• 6.10 Development
• 6.11 Functions
• 6.12 CR Applications
• 6.13 Cognitive Radio Advantages and Limitations
• 6.14 Role in PSC Interoperability
• 6.15 Market and Players
  • Adapt4
  • BitWave Semiconductor
  • Harris
  • Shared Spectrum
  • Spectrum Signal Processing
  • Thales
  • Terocelo

7.0 CR and Spectrum Utilization

8.0 Conclusions

Glossary

References

• Figure 1: TETRA Networks
• Figure 2: TETRA Release I Features
• Figure 3: TETRA Interworking Example
• Figure 4: Network Scenarios
• Figure 5: TETRA Release I Interfaces
• Figure 6: TETRA: Spectrum Allocation
• Figure 7: TETRA II Developments
• Figure 8: Directions
• Figure 9: TAPS
• Figure 10: TEDS Channel Characteristics
• Figure 11: Illustration of TETRA Market Geography (2006-2007)
• Figure 12: TETRA Segmentation by Industries (2007)
• Figure 13: Public Safety Radio Addressable Market ($B)
• Figure 14: TETRA Addressable Market ($B)
• Figure 15: TETRA Portable Radio (Handsets): Market Estimate ($B)
• Figure 16: APCO Project 25 Interface Committee P25
• Figure 17: Generic-P25 System Structure
• Figure 18: ISSI-P25 System-to-System
• Figure 19: ISSI-Roaming
• Figure 20: P25 Radio System Model Illustration
• Figure 21: 700 MHz Revised Frequency Plan
• Figure 22: Revised Spectrum (Upper 700 MHz sub-band)
• Figure 23: FCC 700 MHz Auction
• Figure 24: P25 Network Architecture
• Figure 25: P25 Equipment Addressable Market (U.S. and Canada, $M)
• Figure 26: Addressable Market: P25 Handsets U.S. and Canada ($B)
• Figure 27: P25 Radio Major Applications (2007)
• Figure 28: Partners
• Figure 29: MESA Networking
• Figure 30: Evolution-Project MESA
• Figure 31: PSR Evolution
• Figure 32: APCO Phased Approach
• Figure 33: IEEE Activity
• Figure 34: a) Simplified CR Block-Diagram; b) Front-End
• Figure 35: TV Band “White Space”
• Figure 36: CR Logical Connections
• Figure 37: CR Addressable Market ($M)

• Table 1: TETRA Established
• Table 2: TETRA Release I-Major Characteristics
• Table 3: TETRA Improvements
• Table 4: Applications (Release II)
• Table 5: Evolution of TETRA Services
• Table 6: Comparison: P25 and TETRA Markets
• Table 7: TETRA Features
• Table 8: P25 Advantages and Issues
• Table 9: PSR Bands
• Table 10: P25-based Services
• Table 11: MESA Network Levels
• Table 12: Conventional Radio, SDR and CR Comparison