The Economics of Titanium Minerals and Pigments

Table of Contents

1. Summary

2. History, mineralogy, occurrence and resources

• 2.1 History
• 2.2 Mineralogy
• 2.3 Occurrence
  • 2.3.1 Shoreline beach and dune sand placer deposits
  • 2.3.2 Inland paleo-marine basin deposits
  • 2.3.3 Alluvial placer deposits
  • 2.3.4 Magmatic deposits
• 2.4 Resources

3. Mining, concentration and processing of titanium minerals

• 3.1 Mining and concentration
  • 3.1.1 Mining of sand deposits
    • 3.1.1.1 Concentration
  • 3.1.2 Mining of hard rock deposits
• 3.2 Upgrading of ilmenite to titanium mineral feedstocks
  • 3.2.1 Production of titanium slag
  • 3.2.2 Composition of titanium slag
  • 3.2.3 Production of synthetic rutile
    • 3.2.3.1 The Becher process
    • 3.2.3.2 The Benilite process
    • 3.2.3.3 The Murso process
    • 3.2.3.4 Austpac ERMS SR process
    • 3.2.3.5 TSR process
    • 3.2.3.6 RUTILE process
    • 3.2.3.7 Heubach Reptile 96 process
    • 3.2.3.8 NewGenSR process
  • 3.2.4 Composition of synthetic rutile
• 3.3 Natural rutile
• 3.4 Production of titanium dioxide
  • 3.4.1 Selection criteria for titanium mineral feedstocks
  • 3.4.2 The sulphate process
  • 3.4.3 The chloride process
  • 3.4.4 Surface finishing
  • 3.4.5 Ultrafine TiO2
  • 3.4.6 Pollution control
    • 3.4.6.1 Radioactivity

4. World production data for titanium minerals and TiO2

• 4.1 Mine production of titanium minerals
• 4.2 Mine production of ilmenite
• 4.3 Titanium feedstock production
  • 4.3.1 Direct use ilmenite
  • 4.3.2 Natural rutile
  • 4.3.3 Titanium slag
  • 4.3.4 Synthetic rutile
  • 4.3.5 Companies producing titanium feedstocks
  • 4.3.6 New projects for production of titanium feedstocks
• 4.4 TiO2 production
  • 4.4.1 Producing companies
  • 4.4.2 Planned new capacity

5. Notes on producing and consuming countries

• 5.1 Australia
  • 5.1.1 Resources
    • 5.1.1.1 Environmental restrictions on resources
  • 5.1.2 Production
  • 5.1.3 Producing companies
    • 5.1.3.1 Iluka Resources
    • 5.1.3.2 Bemax Resources NL
    • 5.1.3.3 Tiwest Joint Venture
    • 5.1.3.4 Doral Mineral Sands
  • 5.1.4 New mining and exploration projects
    • 5.1.4.1 Australian Zircon - Mindarie
    • 5.1.4.2 Astron Ltd - Donald and Jackson
    • 5.1.4.3 Olympia Resources - Keysbrook
    • 5.1.4.4 Gunson Resources - Coburn
    • 5.1.4.5 Monto Minerals - Goondicum Crater
    • 5.1.4.6 Matilda Minerals - Tiwi Islands
    • 5.1.4.7 Other projects
  • 5.1.5 TiO2 production
• 5.2 Bangladesh
• 5.3 Belgium
• 5.4 Brazil
  • 5.4.1 Resources
  • 5.4.2 Feedstock production
    • 5.4.2.1 Millennium Chemicals do Brasil
    • 5.4.2.2 Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil
    • 5.4.2.3 Other sources of TiO2
  • 5.4.3 TiO2 and pigment production
• 5.5 Burundi
• 5.6 Cameroon
• 5.7 Canada
  • 5.7.1 Feedstock production
    • 5.7.1.1 QIT-Fer et Titane Inc
    • 5.7.1.2 Titanium Corporation Inc - Syncrude
    • 5.7.1.3 Altairnano Bateman Titania Inc - Randsburg
    • 5.7.1.4 Tiomin Resources - Natashquan
    • 5.7.1.5 Other TiO2 occurrences
  • 5.7.2 TiO2 production
• 5.8 Chile
  • 5.8.1 White Mountain Titanium - Cerro Blanco
  • 5.8.2 Other deposits
• 5.9 China
  • 5.9.1 Resources
  • 5.9.2 Feedstock production
    • 5.9.2.1 Panzhihua New Steel & Vanadium (Pangang)
    • 5.9.2.2 Hainan Island
    • 5.9.2.3 Other
  • 5.9.3 TiO2 production
• 5.10 Czech Republic
• 5.11 Denmark
• 5.12 Egypt
• 5.13 Finland
  • 5.13.1 TiO2 production
• 5.14 France
• 5.15 Germany
  • 5.15.1 TiO2 production
    • 5.15.1.1 Kronos Titan GmbH
    • 5.15.1.2 Tronox Pigments Services GmbH
    • 5.15.1.3 Sachtleben Chemie GmbH
• 5.16 Guatemala
• 5.17 Guinea
• 5.18 India
  • 5.18.1 Resources
  • 5.18.2 Feedstock production
    • 5.18.2.1 Indian Rare Earths Ltd
    • 5.18.2.2 Kerala Minerals and Metals Limited
    • 5.18.2.3 Vetri Vel Minerals
    • 5.18.2.4 Dharangadhra Chemical Works (DCW) Limited
    • 5.18.2.5 Cochin Minerals and Rutile (CMRL)
    • 5.18.2.6 WGI Heavy Minerals Inc - Transworld Garnet
    • 5.18.2.7 Beach Minerals Company India/Mineral Deposits Ltd
    • 5.18.2.8 Tata Iron & Steel Co
    • 5.18.2.9 Stork Handelsges/VSMPO
  • 5.18.3 TiO2 production
  • 5.18.3.1 Other TiO2 projects
• 5.19 Indonesia
• 5.20 Italy
• 5.21 Japan
  • 5.21.1 TiO2 production
    • 5.21.1.1 Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha (ISK)
    • 5.21.1.2 Sakai Chemical Industry
    • 5.21.1.3 Tayca Corporation
    • 5.21.1.4 Fuji Titanium
    • 5.21.1.5 Titan Kogyo KK
• 5.22 Kazakhstan
• 5.23 Kenya
• 5.24 South Korea
• 5.25 Madagascar
  • 5.25.1 QIT Madagascar Minerals SA (QMM) - Fort Dauphin
  • 5.25.2 Exxaro Resources - Toliara Sands
• 5.26 Malawi
  • 5.26.1 Millennium Mining ltd
  • 5.26.2 Other occurrences
• 5.27 Malaysia
  • 5.27.1 TOR Minerals (M) Sdn Bhd
  • 5.27.2 TiO2 production
• 5.28 Mexico
• 5.29 Mozambique
  • 5.29.1 Kenmare Resources - Moma Project
  • 5.29.2 BHP Billiton - Corridor Sands
  • 5.29.3 Moebase - TiGen Project
  • 5.29.4 Rio Tinto Iron & Titanium
• 5.30 Namibia
• 5.31 Netherlands
• 5.32 New Zealand
• 5.33 Norway
  • 5.33.1 Resources
  • 5.33.2 Feedstock production
  • 5.33.2.1 Titania A/S
  • 5.33.3 Tinfos Titan and Iron KS
  • 5.33.4 TiO2 production
• 5.34 Poland
• 5.35 Russia
  • 5.35.1 Resources
  • 5.35.2 Feedstock production
    • 5.35.2.1 Lovozersky GOK
    • 5.35.2.2 Yaregsky JSC
  • 5.35.3 Titanium feedstock projects
    • 5.35.3.1 Aricom plc - Olekma
    • 5.35.3.2 Potential projects
  • 5.35.4 TiO2 production
• 5.36 Saudi Arabia
  • 5.36.1 Cristal - National Titanium Dioxide Company
• 5.37 Senegal
  • 5.37.1 Mineral Deposits Ltd - Grande Côte Zircon
  • 5.37.2 Carnegie Corp
• 5.38 Sierra Leone
  • 5.38.1 Sierra Rutile Limited
• 5.39 Singapore
• 5.40 Slovenia
• 5.41 South Africa
  • 5.41.1 Resources
  • 5.41.2 Feedstock production
    • 5.41.2.1 Richards Bay Minerals (RBM)
    • 5.41.2.2 Exxaro Resources Limited
    • 5.41.2.3 Potential producers
  • 5.41.3 TiO2 production
• 5.42 Spain
• 5.43 Sri Lanka
• 5.44 Taiwan
  • 5.44.1 E I DuPont de Nemours & Co, Inc
  • 5.44.2 ISK Taiwan Co
  • 5.44.3 Other
• 5.45 Tanzania
• 5.46 Thailand
• 5.47 The Gambia
• 5.48 UK
  • 5.48.1 TiO2 production
  • 5.48.2 Huntsman Tioxide
  • 5.48.3 Millennium Chemicals
• 5.49 Ukraine
  • 5.49.1 Resources
  • 5.49.2 Feedstock production
    • 5.49.2.1 Volnogorsk State Mining and Metallurgical Plant
    • 5.49.2.2 Irshansk Mining and Beneficiation Combine
    • 5.49.2.3 Zaporozhye Titanium & Magnesium Combine (ZTMK)
  • 5.49.3 TiO2 production
    • 5.49.3.1 GAK Titan
    • 5.49.3.2 Sumykhimprom Titan
• 5.50 USA
  • 5.50.1 Resources
  • 5.50.2 Feedstock production
    • 5.50.2.1 E I DuPont de Nemours & Co Inc
    • 5.50.2.2 Iluka Resources Inc
    • 5.50.2.3 P W Gillibrand
    • 5.50.2.4 Exploration and potential producers
  • 5.50.3 TiO2 production
    • 5.50.3.1 E I DuPont de Nemours & Co, Inc
    • 5.50.3.2 Millennium Chemicals
    • 5.50.3.3 Tronox Inc
    • 5.50.3.4 Kronos Inc/Huntsman Tioxide
    • 5.50.3.5 TOR Minerals International
• 5.51 Vietnam
  • 5.51.1 Production
    • 5.51.1.1 Ha Tinh Minerals Corp
    • 5.51.1.2 Bimal Minerals Co
    • 5.51.1.3 Avireco USA
• 5.52 Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen)

6. Consumption

• 6.1 Feedstock consumption
  • 6.1.1 Feedstock consumption by use
    • 6.1.1.1 Titanium feedstock uses other than TiO2 and metal production
• 6.2 TiO2 consumption
  • 6.2.1 Regional consumption of TiO2
  • 6.2.2 Consumption by use
  • 6.2.3 Forecast consumption by use

7. Uses of TiO2

• 7.1 Paints and coatings
  • 7.1.1 Paint production and markets
    • 7.1.1.1 Production
    • 7.1.1.2 World markets for paint and coatings
  • 7.1.2 Developments in paint technology
    • 7.1.2.1 Water-based paints
    • 7.1.2.2 Powder coatings
    • 7.1.2.3 Radiation curing
    • 7.1.2.4 Other
    • 7.1.2.5 Impact of paint technology on TiO2 preparation
  • 7.1.3 Structure of the world paint industry
  • 7.1.4 Outlook for TiO2 pigments in paint
• 7.2 Plastics
  • 7.2.1 Structure of the plastics industry
  • 7.2.2 World markets for plastics
  • 7.2.3 Outlook for use of TiO2 in plastics
• 7.3 Paper and board
  • 7.3.1 The role of minerals in paper
  • 7.3.2 Trends in TiO2 and other pigment-filler use in paper
  • 7.3.3 Paper and board production
  • 7.3.4 Paper and board consumption
  • 7.3.5 Paper producing companies
  • 7.3.6 Outlook for use of TiO2 in paper and board
• 7.4 Printing inks
  • 7.4.1 Composition of ink
  • 7.4.2 TiO2 in printing inks
  • 7.4.3 Outlook for TiO2 use in printing inks
• 7.5 Rubber
• 7.6 Synthetic fibres/textiles
• 7.7 Other uses
  • 7.7.1 Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics
  • 7.7.2 Vitreous enamels
  • 7.7.3 Glass and glass ceramics
  • 7.7.4 Electroceramics
  • 7.7.5 Air purification
  • 7.7.6 Welding fluxes
  • 7.7.7 Hard metals
  • 7.7.8 Chemical intermediates

8. Analysis of international trade data for titanium minerals and pigments

• 8.1 TiO2 feedstocks
  • 8.1.1 Exports
  • 8.1.2 Imports
• 8.2 Uncoated TiO2
  • 8.2.1 Exports
  • 8.2.2 Imports
• 8.3 Pigments containing more than 80%TiO2
  • 8.3.1 Exports
  • 8.3.2 Imports
• 8.4 TiO2-based pigments containing less than 80%TiO2
  • 8.4.1 Exports
  • 8.4.2 Imports

9. Prices of titanium mineral feedstocks and pigments

• 9.1 Titanium mineral feedstocks
  • 9.1.1 Rutile
  • 9.1.2 Synthetic rutile
  • 9.1.3 Prices of ilmenite
  • 9.1.4 Titanium slag
  • 9.1.5 Outlook for titanium feedstock prices
• 9.2 Titanium dioxide
  • 9.2.1 Europe
  • 9.2.2 USA
  • 9.2.3 Asia-Pacific
• 9.3 Outlook for prices of titanium pigments

List of Tables

• Table 1: World: Reserves and reserve base of titanium dioxide
• Table 2: World: Measured indicated and inferred resources of ilmenite and rutile, 2005
• Table 3: World: Measured, indicated and inferred ilmenite resources by grade, 2002
• Table 4: Physical Characteristics Used for Mineral Separation
• Table 5: Factors determining the choice of ilmenite upgrading process
• Table 6: Comparative analyses of ilmenite by producer
• Table 7: Comparative analyses of titanium slag by producer
• Table 8: Comparative analyses of synthetic rutile by producer
• Table 9: Comparative analyses of natural rutile by producer
• Table 10: Criteria used in selection of titanium mineral feedstocks
• Table 11: World: Mine production of titanium minerals, 1996 to 2005
• Table 12: World: Mine production of ilmenite by country, 1996 to 2005
• Table 13: World: Production of TiO2 feedstocks, 1980 to 2005
• Table 14: World: Production of titanium mineral feedstocks by country, 1996 to 2005
• Table 15: World: Principal producing companies: Titanium feedstocks, 2004 and 2005
• Table 16: Approximate output of TiO2 units by region, feedstock and principal companies, 2005 57
• Table 17: World: New titanium feedstock projects, 2006
• Table 18: World: TiO2 production capacity by process and country, 2006
• Table 19: World: TiO2 production by region and process, 1999 to 2005
• Table 20: World: Production of TiO2 by major country, 2002 to 2004
• Table 21: World: Principal TiO2 producing companies, 2006
• Table 22: Major new TiO2 pigment projects planned in 2006
• Table 23: Australia: Supply and disposal of titanium feedstocks, 2001 to 2005
• Table 24: Australia: Exports of TiO2 feedstocks by country, 2002 to 2005
• Table 25: Australia: Reserves and reserve base of titanium minerals
• Table 26: Australia: Heavy mineral resources by company, 2004/2005
• Table 27: Australia: Production of titanium minerals by company and operation, 2003 to 2006
• Table 28: Australia: Typical ilmenite and rutile specifications by company
• Table 29: Iluka Resources: Australian reserves and resources of heavy minerals, December 2005
• Table 30: Consolidated Rutile: Heavy mineral reserves and resources, end 2004
• Table 31: Bemax Resources: Heavy minerals reserves and resources in the South West WA Province, October 2005
• Table 32: Bemax Resources: Heavy mineral resources in the Murray Basin Province, October 2005
• Table 33: Tiwest Joint Venture: Reserves and resources of heavy minerals, end 2005
• Table 34: Tiwest: Production of titanium feedstocks, 2000 to 2005
• Table 35: Belgium: Production, exports and imports of titanium minerals and pigments, 2001 to 2005
• Table 36: Brazil: Production, exports and imports of TiO2, 2001 to 2005
• Table 37: Brazil: Resources of TiO2 minerals, 2000
• Table 38: Canada: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 39: Canada: Inferred exports of slag & ilmenite, by country, 2002 to 2005
• Table 40: China: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 41: Principal titanium feedstock producers, 2005
• Table 42: China: Source of sulphate feedstocks to TiO2 plants, 2004
• Table 43: China: Producers of TiO2, 2005
• Table 44: Finland: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 45: France: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 46: Germany: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 47: Germany: TiO2 producing companies, 2005
• Table 48: India: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 49: India: Resources of titanium minerals
• Table 50: India: Production of TiO2 feedstocks by company, 2002 to 2005
• Table 51: India: Capacity of titanium mineral separation plants, 2005
• Table 52: Indian Rare Earths Ltd: Production of ilmenite and rutile, years to end-March 2000 to 2004
• Table 53: IRE: Typical analyses of ilmenite and rutile produced
• Table 54: VVM: Heavy mineral resources, 2003
• Table 55: India: TiO2 plants, 2006
• Table 56: Italy: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 57: Japan: Exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 58: Japan: Supply and demand for TiO2, 1997 to 2005
• Table 59: Japan: TiO2 producing companies, 2006
• Table 60: Tiomin Kenya: Heavy mineral resources at Kwale
• Table 61: South Korea: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 62: Malaysia: Supply and disposal of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 63: Mexico: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 64: Mozambique: Moma Titanium Minerals Project: Reserves and resources, 2006
• Table 65: Netherlands: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 66: Norway: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 67: Norway: TiO2 resources by area and mineral
• Table 68: Poland: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 69: Russia: Production and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 70: Russia: Deposits of titanium minerals
• Table 71: Senegal: Mineral Sand deposits on the southern coast
• Table 72: Senegal: Mineral Deposits Ltd: Dredge inferred resource (1.5%HM cut off) at Grande Côte, 2005
• Table 73: South Africa: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 74: South Africa: Heavy mineral resources by deposit
• Table 75: South Africa: Production of TiO2 minerals and feedstocks by company, 2004 and 2005
• Table 76: South Africa: Namakwa Sands: Reserves and resources, December 2004
• Table 77: South Africa: Exxaro Resources: Titanium mineral resources, 2005
• Table 78: Spain: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 79: Taiwan: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 80: UK: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 81: UK: TiO2 plants, 2006
• Table 82: Ukraine: Production, exports and imports of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 83: Ukraine: Principal deposits of TiO2
• Table 84: USA: Supply and disposal of TiO2 products, 2001 to 2005
• Table 85: USA: Imports of titanium feedstocks by type, 2001 to 2005
• Table 86: USA: Production of titanium minerals by company, 2002 to 2005
• Table 87: USA: Iluka Resources Inc: Reserves and resources of minerals sands, December 2005
• Table 88: USA: Iluka Resources Inc: Titanium mineral production by operation, 2003 to 2006
• Table 89: USA: TiO2 capacity and production by company, 2002 to 2004
• Table 90: Vietnam: Titanium mineral deposits evaluated, 2004
• Table 91: Selected countries: Apparent consumption of TiO2 feedstocks, 2001 to 2005
• Table 92: World: Titanium feedstock consumption by first use, 1997 to 2005
• Table 93: World: Consumption of TiO2 feedstocks by use, 2002 to 2004
• Table 94: USA: Consumption of TiO2 feedstocks by major use, 1998 to 2004
• Table 95: USA: Apparent consumption of TiO2, 1994 to 2003
• Table 96: Selected countries: Apparent consumption of TiO2 and TiO2 based pigments, 2002 to 2005
• Table 97: World: Approximate division of consumption of TiO2 by use and region in 2005
• Table 98: USA: Distribution of TiO2 pigment shipments by use, 1995 to 2004
• Table 99: Japan: Domestic shipments of domestically produced TiO2 by use, 1991 to 2005
• Table 100: World: Forecast consumption of TiO2 by principal sector and region, 2010
• Table 101: Comparison of TiO2 pigment specifications
• Table 102: Key properties of TiO2 pigments by type
• Table 103: Comparison of white pigment properties
• Table 104: World: Production of paint and coatings by region and market, 1992 to 2012
• Table 105: USA: Shipments of paints and 1989 to 2006
• Table 106: Japan: Deliveries of paint and coatings, 1997 to 2004
• Table 107: World: Demand for paint by region and type, 1992 to 2012
• Table 108: USA: Shipments of paint and coatings by market, 2004 and 2005
• Table 109: Europe: Sales of paint by sector, 2003
• Table 110: Properties of grades of TiO2 pigment
• Table 111: World' s largest paint and adhesive producing companies, 2006
• Table 112: Production capacity of plastic resin by selected companies, 2006
• Table 113: World: Demand for plastics by region, 2000 to 2009
• Table 114: World: Consumption of plastics by resin type and region, 2000 to 2005 and 2009
• Table 115: World: Consumption of polyethylene by use and region, 2004
• Table 116: World: Consumption of polypropylene by use and region, 2004
• Table 117: World: Consumption of PVC by use and region, 2004
• Table 118: Properties of mineral fillers and coating pigments used in paper
• Table 119: World: Production of paper and board by region, 1995 to 2004
• Table 120: Principal countries: Production of main mineral-containing papers by category, 2004
• Table 121: World: Apparent consumption of paper and board, 1997 to 2004
• Table 122: World: Demand for writing and printing paper by type and region, 2001 to 2005
• Table 123: Leading paper and board companies in Europe, 2005
• Table 124: Compositions of selected printing inks
• Table 125: Properties of Kemira printing ink pigments
• Table 126: Properties and use of titanium compounds and chemicals
• Table 127: Reporting countries: Summary of TiO2 trade data, 2001 to 2005
• Table 128: Reporting countries: Exports of TiO2 feedstocks, 2001 to 2005
• Table 129: Reporting countries: Exports of TiO2 feedstocks by countries of destination, 2005
• Table 130: Reporting countries: Imports of TiO2 feedstocks, 2001 to 2005
• Table 131: Reporting countries: Imports of TiO2 feedstocks by country of origin, 2005
• Table 132: Reporting countries: Exports of uncoated TiO2 by country, 2001 to 2005
• Table 133: Reporting countries: Exports of uncoated TiO2 by country of destination, 2005
• Table 134: Reporting countries: Imports of uncoated TiO2 by country, 2001 to 2005
• Table 135: Reporting countries: Imports of uncoated TiO2 by country of origin, 2005
• Table 136: Reporting countries: Exports of pigments containing >80% TiO2, 2001 to 2005
• Table 137: Reporting countries: Exports of pigments containing >80% TiO2 by country of destination, 2005
• Table 138: Reporting countries: Imports of pigments containing >80% TiO2, 2001 to 2005
• Table 139: Reporting countries: Imports of pigments containing >80% TiO2 by country of origin, 2005
• Table 140: Reporting countries: Exports of TiO2-based pigments containing less than 80% TiO2, 2001 to 2005
• Table 141: Reporting countries: Exports of TiO2-based pigments containing less than 80% TiO2 by country of destination, 2005
• Table 142: Reporting countries: Imports of TiO2-based pigments containing less than 80% TiO2, 2001 to 2005
• Table 143: Reporting countries: Imports of TiO2-based pigments containing less than 80% TiO2 by country of origin, 2005
• Table 144: World: Titanium feedstock benchmark prices, 1995 to 2005
• Table 145: Annual average prices of titanium feedstocks, 2000 to 2006
• Table 146: Quarterly prices of rutile concentrate Australian port, min. 95% TiO2, 1993 to 2006
• Table 147: Prices of rutile concentrates, 1993 to 2006
• Table 148: USA: Average value of imports of rutile, 1993 to 2004
• Table 149: USA: Average value of imports of synthetic rutile, 1993 to 2005
• Table 150: Australia: Prices of ilmenite, 1993 to 2006 (min 54% TiO2 bulk)
• Table 151: Quarterly ilmenite prices, fob, as reported by USGS, 1993 to 2006
• Table 152: Prices of titanium slag, 1988 to 2006
• Table 153: USA: Average value of imports of titanium slag, 1991 to 2004
• Table 154: USA and Europe: TiO2 pigment price indications, 1999 to 2006 (cif bulk)
• Table 155: Average annual prices of TiO2 pigments, 2000 to 2006
• Table 156: EU countries: Average values of TiO2 exports, 1997 to 2005
• Table 157: USA: List price for rutile and anatase TiO2 pigments, 1990 to 2005
• Table 158: USA: Average value of TiO2 exports and imports, 1997 to 2005
• Table 159: Selected Asian countries: Average value of exports and imports of TiO2 pigments, 2001 to 2005

List of Figures

• Figure 1: World: Supply and demand of titanium feedstocks and TiO2 pigments, 2001 to 2006
• Figure 2: World: TiO2 reserve base (USGS) by principal country, 2006
• Figure 3: World: Ilmenite resources (TZMI) by principal country
• Figure 4: World: Rutile resources (TZMI) by principal country
• Figure 5: Production process flow chart for heavy mineral sands
• Figure 6: TiO2 content of ilmenite produced by principal companies
• Figure 7: Becher process for production of synthetic rutile
• Figure 8: World: Mine production of titanium minerals by principal country, 1996 to 2005
• Figure 9: Division of production of titanium minerals by country, 2005
• Figure 10: World: Mine production of ilmenite, 1979 to 2005
• Figure 11: Production of ilmenite by principal country, 1996 to 2005
• Figure 12: World: Division of ilmenite production by principal country, 2005
• Figure 13: World: Approximate division of ilmenite concentrates by process route to TiO2, 2005
• Figure 14: World: Production of titanium feedstock by type, 1980 to 2005
• Figure 15: World: Division of production of titanium feedstock by type, 1980 to 2005
• Figure 16: Production of direct use ilmenite by principal country, 1996 to 2005
• Figure 17: Division of direct use ilmenite production by country, 2005
• Figure 18: Production of natural rutile by principal country, 1996 to 2005,
• Figure 19: Division of natural rutile production by principal country, 2005
• Figure 20: Production of titanium slag by reporting country, 1995 to 2005,
• Figure 21: Production of synthetic rutile by principal country, 1995 to 2005
• Figure 22: Percentage of attributable production of contained TiO2 by major producers, 2005
• Figure 23: Attributable production of TiO2 by major producers, 2005
• Figure 24: Division of TiO2 production capacity by region, 2005
• Figure 25: Regional division of TiO2 capacity by process, 2002
• Figure 26: Division of TiO2 production capacity by principal company, 2006
• Figure 27: Australia: Production and exports of titanium feedstocks, 1990 to 2005
• Figure 28: Australia: Production of ilmenite by state, 1973 to 2005
• Figure 29: Australia: Production of rutile by state, 1973 to 2005
• Figure 30: South Africa: Production of TiO2 feedstocks and exports, 1991 to 2005
• Figure 31: USA: Production and imports of TiO2 products, 1990 to 2005
• Figure 32: World: Consumption of TiO2, 1970 to 2005
• Figure 33: World: Annual percentage change in TiO2 consumption, 1971 to 2005
• Figure 34: World: Consumption of TiO2 by major region, 1998 to 2006
• Figure 35: World: Approximate division of TiO2 consumption by principal countries, 2005
• Figure 36: Selected countries: Apparent consumption of TiO2 and TiO2 pigments, 2005
• Figure 37: Approximate division of TiO2 consumption by use, 2005
• Figure 38: World: Percentage of regional TiO2 consumption accounted for by major applications, 2005
• Figure 39: USA: Distribution of TiO2 pigment shipments by use, 1990 to 2004
• Figure 40: Japan: Domestic shipments of TiO2 by use, 2001
• Figure 41: Percentage of total TiO2 consumption accounted for by paint and coatings in each region, 2005
• Figure 42: World: Distribution of paint production by region, 2007
• Figure 43: USA: Paint and allied products shipments 1989 to 2005
• Figure 44: World: Distribution of coatings market by region, 2007
• Figure 45: USA: Shipments of paint by market sector, 2001 to 2005
• Figure 46: Europe: Division of paint sales volume by country, 2003
• Figure 47: Europe: Division of powder coatings market by sector
• Figure 48: Percentage of total TiO2 consumption accounted for by plastics in each region, 2005
• Figure 49: World: Consumption of plastics by region, 2000 to 2005
• Figure 50: World: Division of plastic consumption by region 2005
• Figure 51: Percentage of TiO2 consumption accounted for by paper and board in each region, 2005
• Figure 52: Light scattering coefficients of pulps and pigment
• Figure 53: Distribution of TiO2 demand by grade of paper and board
• Figure 54: World: Division of paper and board production by region, 2004
• Figure 55: World: Index of paper and board output by region, 1992 to 2004
• Figure 56: World: Distribution of paper and board production by grade
• Figure 57: World: Consumption of writing and printing paper by type, 2001 to 2005
• Figure 58: World: Division of exports of TiO2 feedstock by principal countries, 2005
• Figure 59: World: exports of TiO2 feedstocks by principal countries, 2001 to 2005
• Figure 60: Imports of TiO2 feedstocks by principal countries, 2001 to 2005
• Figure 61: Division of imports of TiO2 feedstocks by principal countries, 2005
• Figure 62: Division of exports of uncoated TiO2 by principal countries, 2005
• Figure 63: Exports of uncoated TiO2 by principal countries, 2001 to 2005
• Figure 64: Division of imports of uncoated TiO2 by principal country, 2005
• Figure 65: Imports of uncoated TiO2 by principal country, 2001 to 2005
• Figure 66: Division of exports of pigments containing >80% TiO2 by principal country, 2005
• Figure 67: Exports of pigments containing >80% TiO2 by principal country, 2001 to 2005
• Figure 68: Division of imports of pigments containing >80% TiO2 by principal country, 2005
• Figure 69: Imports of pigments containing >80% TiO2 by principal country, 2001 to 2005
• Figure 70: Division of exports of TiO2-based pigments containing less than 80% TiO2, 2005
• Figure 71: Exports of TiO2-based pigments containing less than 80% TiO2, 2001 to 2005
• Figure 72: Division of imports TiO2-based pigments containing less than 80% TiO2, 2005
• Figure 73: Imports of TiO2-based pigments containing less than 80% TiO2, by principal countries, 2001 to 2005
• Figure 74: Value of Australian exports of ilmenite and rutile, 1960 to 2000
• Figure 75: Mean quarterly prices of rutile concentrate, 1993 to 2006
• Figure 76: Australian ilmenite prices, 1993 to 2006
• Figure 77: Prices of titania slag, 1988 to 2006
• Figure 78: USA: Value of imports of slag by country of origin, 1991 to 2004
• Figure 79: Annual average prices of TiO2 pigment shipments, 2000 to 2006
• Figure 80: Average values of Asian exports and imports of TiO2 pigments, 2001 to 2005