The Economics of Activated Carbon, 8th edition 2008

Table of Contents

1. Summary

2. Introduction, properties and specifications for activated carbon

• 2.1. Introduction to activated carbon
• 2.2. Properties of activated carbon
  • 2.2.1. Adsorption properties of activated carbon
  • 2.2.2. Other physical properties of activated carbon
  • 2.2.3. Impurities in activated carbon
  • 2.2.4. Packaging of activated carbon
• 2.3. Specifications for activated carbon

3. Processing of activated carbon

• 3.1. Raw materials for activated carbon production
  • 3.1.1. Coal-based activated carbon
  • 3.1.2. Wood-based activated carbon
  • 3.1.3. Coconut shell-based activated carbon
  • 3.1.4. Alternative raw materials for activated carbon production
    • 3.1.4.1. Agricultural residues
    • 3.1.4.2. Corn fibre
    • 3.1.4.3. Macademia nutshells
    • 3.1.4.4. Mallee wood
    • 3.1.4.5. Rice hull ash
    • 3.1.4.6. Sewage sludge
• 3.2. Processing of activated carbon
  • 3.2.1. Steam activation of activated carbon
  • 3.2.2. Chemical activation of activated carbon
  • 3.2.3. Impregnation of activated carbon
  • 3.2.4. Catalytic activated carbon
  • 3.2.5. Activated carbon fibre
• 3.3. Forms of activated carbon
  • 3.3.1. Powdered activated carbon
  • 3.3.2. Granular activated carbon
  • 3.3.3. Pelletised (extruded) activated carbon
  • 3.3.4. Activated carbon fibre
• 3.4. Regeneration of activated carbon
  • 3.4.1. Thermal regeneration process
  • 3.4.2. Steam regeneration process
  • 3.4.3. Chemical regeneration process
  • 3.4.4. Electro-thermal regeneration process
  • 3.4.5. Bio-regeneration process

4. World production of activated carbon

• 4.1. Production capacity for activated carbon by company
• 4.2. Production of activated carbon by country
• 4.3. Regeneration capacity for activated carbon by company
• 4.4. Future trends in production of activated carbon

5. Review of activated carbon producing countries

• 5.1. Argentina
• 5.2. Australia
  • 5.2.1. Activated Carbon Technologies
  • 5.2.2. Eco-Carbons
  • 5.2.3. Hurricane Fuels
  • 5.2.4. Molectra? Technologies
  • 5.2.5. Pacific Edge Holding
  • 5.2.6. Pica Activated Carbon Australia
  • 5.2.7. The Environmental Group
  • 5.2.8. TiWest
  • 5.2.9. Verve Energy
• 5.3. Austria
• 5.4. Belgium
  • 5.4.1. Chemviron Carbon
  • 5.4.2. Desotec Activated Carbon
• 5.5. Brazil
  • 5.5.1. Brascarbo Agroindustrial
  • 5.5.2. Ind?strias Quimicas Carbomafra
• 5.6. Bulgaria
• 5.7. Canada
  • 5.7.1. A.C. Carbone Canada
  • 5.7.2. CarboPur Technologies
  • 5.7.3. Prairie Mines & Royalty
• 5.8. China
  • 5.8.1. Production of activated carbon in China
  • 5.8.2. Producers of activated carbon in China
    • 5.8.2.1. Anshan Active Carbon Fibre
    • 5.8.2.2. Beijing Haijian Jiechang Environmental Protection Chemicals
    • 5.8.2.3. Beijing Pacific Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.4. Bluesky Purification Material
    • 5.8.2.5. Datong Carbon
    • 5.8.2.6. Datong Fenghua Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.7. Datong Huabao Active Carbon
    • 5.8.2.8. Datong Municipal Yunguang Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.9. Datong Weidu Activated Carbon Plant
    • 5.8.2.10. Fuzhou Yihuan Carbon
    • 5.8.2.11. Hengxing Active Carbon
    • 5.8.2.12. Huairen Huanyi Purifying Materials
    • 5.8.2.13. Huaiyushan Activated Carbon Group
    • 5.8.2.14. Huatai Activated Carbon Ebian
    • 5.8.2.15. Huaxin Active Carbon Plant
    • 5.8.2.16. Jianou Zhixing Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.17. JingMao Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.18. Kaihua Xingda Chemical
    • 5.8.2.19. Kaihua Xinghua Chemical Plant
    • 5.8.2.20. Kuraray Chemical Environmental Industry
    • 5.8.2.21. Longyan Wanan Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.22. Mindong Lianyi Group
    • 5.8.2.23. Nantong Sutong Carbon Fibre
    • 5.8.2.24. Ningxia Blue-White-Black Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.25. Ningxia Fengyuan Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.26. Ningxia Guanghua-Cherishment Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.27. Ningxia Henghui Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.28. Ningxia Huahui Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.29. Ningxia Taixi Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.30. Ningxia Xingsheng Coal and Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.31. Shanghai Mebao Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.32. Shanghai Xingchang Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.33. Shanxi Xinhua Chemical
    • 5.8.2.34. Shanxi Zuoyun Yunpeng Coal Chemistry
    • 5.8.2.35. Shenhua Ningxia Coal Industry Group
    • 5.8.2.36. Taining Jinhu Carbon
    • 5.8.2.37. Tianchang (Tianjin) Activated Carbon
    • 5.8.2.38. Xuanzhong Chemical Industry
    • 5.8.2.39. Zhuxi Activated Carbon
  • 5.8.3. Trade in activated carbon in China
• 5.9. Czech Republic
• 5.10. Finland
• 5.11. France
  • 5.11.1. Carbio 12
  • 5.11.2. Ceca
  • 5.11.3. Pica
• 5.12. Germany
  • 5.12.1. CarboTech Activated Carbon
  • 5.12.2. CPL Carbon Link
  • 5.12.3. Donau Carbon
  • 5.12.4. German Carbon Teterow
  • 5.12.5. Silcarbon Aktivkohle
• 5.13. India
  • 5.13.1. Producers of activated carbon in India
    • 5.13.1.1. Agri Carbon
    • 5.13.1.2. Coco Carbon Activators
    • 5.13.1.3. Core Carbons
    • 5.13.1.4. Ebe Liza Enterprises
    • 5.13.1.5. Gowrishankar Chemicals
    • 5.13.1.6. HEG
    • 5.13.1.7. Hytech Carbons
    • 5.13.1.8. Indo German Carbons
    • 5.13.1.9. Industrial Carbons
    • 5.13.1.10. Kalpaka Chemicals
    • 5.13.1.11. Kan-Carbon
    • 5.13.1.12. Kavia Carbons
    • 5.13.1.13. Macro Carbons
    • 5.13.1.14. M/S Adsorbent Carbons
    • 5.13.1.15. Narbada Valley Chemicals
    • 5.13.1.16. Raj Carbons
    • 5.13.1.17. Unique Carbon & Chemicals
    • 5.13.1.18. Western Chemicals
• 5.14. Indonesia
  • 5.14.1. Producers of activated carbon in Indonesia
    • 5.14.1.1. Green Carbon
    • 5.14.1.2. Intan Prima
    • 5.14.1.3. PT AIMTOPindo Nuansa Kimia
    • 5.14.1.4. PT Daiti Carbon Nusantera
    • 5.14.1.5. PT Eratechubudhi Sadhana
    • 5.14.1.6. PT Ikaindo Karbonik
    • 5.14.1.7. PT Indokarbon Prima Jaya
    • 5.14.1.8. PT Karbon Prima Sentosa Abadi
    • 5.14.1.9. PT Lilingga Lo Bongo Lestari
    • 5.14.1.10. PT Mapalus Makawanua Charcoal Industry
    • 5.14.1.11. PT Nusagri
    • 5.14.1.12. PT Tanso Putra Asia
    • 5.14.1.13. PT UCI UTAMA
    • 5.14.1.14. Purnomo Indonesia
    • 5.14.1.15. Singapore CSC Activated Carbon
• 5.15. Italy
• 5.16. Japan
  • 5.16.1. Producers of activated carbon in Japan
    • 5.16.1.1. Calgon Mitsubishi Chemical
    • 5.16.1.2. Futamura Chemical Industry
    • 5.16.1.3. Hokuetsu Carbon Industry
    • 5.16.1.4. Kansai Coke & Chemicals
    • 5.16.1.5. Kuraray Chemical
    • 5.16.1.6. Kureha Carbon Products
    • 5.16.1.7. Nippon Valqua Industries
    • 5.16.1.8. Osaka Gas
    • 5.16.1.9. Serachem
    • 5.16.1.10. Tsurumi Coal
    • 5.16.1.11. Other producers in Japan
• 5.17. South Korea
  • 5.17.1. Producers of activated carbon in South Korea
• 5.18. Malaysia
  • 5.18.1. Producers of activated carbon in Malaysia
    • 5.18.1.1. Aktivbon
    • 5.18.1.2. Bravo Green
    • 5.18.1.3. Century Chemical Works
    • 5.18.1.4. China Activated Carbon Industries
    • 5.18.1.5. Effigen
    • 5.18.1.6. Enviro Carbon
    • 5.18.1.7. KD Technology
    • 5.18.1.8. Kekwa Indah
    • 5.18.1.9. Laju Carbon Products
    • 5.18.1.10. M-Trex Activated Carbon
    • 5.18.1.11. Pacific Activated Carbon
    • 5.18.1.12. Other producers in Malaysia
• 5.19. Mexico
  • 5.19.1. Producers of activated carbon in Mexico
    • 5.19.1.1. Carbon Resources
    • 5.19.1.2. Clarimex
    • 5.19.1.3. Nobrac Mexicana
    • 5.19.1.4. Polifos
• 5.20. Myanmar
• 5.21. Netherlands
  • 5.21.1. Norit Activated Carbon
• 5.22. Philippines
  • 5.22.1. Producers of activated carbon in the Philippines
    • 5.22.1.1. Cenapro Chemical
    • 5.22.1.2. Davao Central Chemical
    • 5.22.1.3. Industrofield Export Trading
    • 5.22.1.4. Mapecon Green Charcoal Philippines
    • 5.22.1.5. Pacific Activated Carbon
    • 5.22.1.6. Philippine-Japan Active Carbon
    • 5.22.1.7. Premium A.C.
    • 5.22.1.8. Other producers in the Philippines
• 5.23. Russia
  • 5.23.1. Production of activated carbon in Russia
  • 5.23.2. Producers of activated carbon in Russia
    • 5.23.2.1. JSC Amzinsky Sawmill
    • 5.23.2.2. LLC Antaliks
    • 5.23.2.3. JSC Electrostal Chemical-Mechanical Plant
    • 5.23.2.4. JSC Karbokhim
    • 5.23.2.5. PFK Karbon
    • 5.23.2.6. PJSC Karbonika-F
    • 5.23.2.7. LLC Priladozhsky Sorbent Plant
    • 5.23.2.8. JSC Sorbent
    • 5.23.2.9. PJSC Tekhnosorb
    • 5.23.2.10. PJSC Tymen Pyrolysis Plant
    • 5.23.2.11. JSC Zarya
    • 5.23.2.12. Potential activated carbon projects in Russia
  • 5.23.3. Trade in activated carbon in Russia
• 5.24. Sri Lanka
  • 5.24.1. Processing of activated carbon in Sri Lanka
  • 5.24.2. Production of activated carbon in Sri Lanka
    • 5.24.2.1. Bieco Link Carbons
    • 5.24.2.2. Haycarb Group
    • 5.24.2.3. J.B. Carbon Activators
    • 5.24.2.4. Newco Carbons
    • 5.24.2.5. Prime Carbons Lanka
• 5.25. Sweden
• 5.26. Taiwan
• 5.27. Thailand
  • 5.27.1. Producers of activated carbon in Thailand
    • 5.27.1.1. C. Gigantic Carbon
    • 5.27.1.2. Carbokarn Thailand
• 5.28. UK
  • 5.28.1. Producers of activated carbon in the UK
    • 5.28.1.1. Charcoal Cloth International
    • 5.28.1.2. Chemviron Carbon
    • 5.28.1.3. CPL Carbon Link
    • 5.28.1.4. Eurocarb
    • 5.28.1.5. Grafham Carbons
    • 5.28.1.6. MAST Carbon Advanced Products
    • 5.28.1.7. Norit UK
    • 5.28.1.8. Sutcliffe Speakman
    • 5.28.1.9. Tate & Lyle Process Technology
    • 5.28.1.10. Thames Water Utilities
• 5.29. Ukraine
• 5.30. USA
  • 5.30.1. Production of activated carbon in the USA
  • 5.30.2. Producers of activated carbon in the USA
    • 5.30.2.1. ADA-ES
    • 5.30.2.2. AgriTecSorbents
    • 5.30.2.3. Asbury Carbons
    • 5.30.2.4. Aventine Renewable Energy
    • 5.30.2.5. Cal Pacific Carbon
    • 5.30.2.6. Calgon Carbon
    • 5.30.2.7. California Carbon
    • 5.30.2.8. Cameron Great Lakes
    • 5.30.2.9. Carbochem
    • 5.30.2.10. Carbon Activated
    • 5.30.2.11. Carbon Resources
    • 5.30.2.12. Greater Cincinnati Water Works
    • 5.30.2.13. Kona Carbons
    • 5.30.2.14. MeadWestvaco
    • 5.30.2.15. Norit Americas
    • 5.30.2.16. Pica USA
    • 5.30.2.17. Siemens Water Technologies
    • 5.30.2.18. Sorbent Technologies
  • 5.30.3. Trade in activated carbon in the USA
• 5.31. Uzbekistan
• 5.32. Vanuatu
• 5.33. Vietnam

6. World consumption of activated carbon

• 6.1. Future trends in demand for activated carbon

7. Liquid-phase uses for activated carbon

• 7.1. Use of activated carbon in water treatment
  • 7.1.1. Use of activated carbon in drinking water treatment
    • 7.1.1.1. Granular activated carbon in drinking water treatment
    • 7.1.1.2. Powdered activated carbon in drinking water treatment
  • 7.1.2. Use of activated carbon in wastewater treatment
    • 7.1.2.1. Granular activated carbon in wastewater treatment
    • 7.1.2.2. Powdered activated carbon in wastewater treatment
  • 7.1.3. Use of activated carbon in groundwater/leachate remediation
  • 7.1.4. Use of activated carbon in process water treatment
  • 7.1.5. Use of activated carbon in medical water treatment
  • 7.1.6. Use of activated carbon in service water treatment
  • 7.1.7. Use of activated carbon in ultra-pure water treatment
  • 7.1.8. Use of activated carbon in domestic water filters
  • 7.1.9. Use of activated carbon in aquaria water treatment
  • 7.1.10. Use of activated carbon in swimming pool water treatment
  • 7.1.11. Grades of activated carbon used in water treatment
  • 7.1.12. Trends in demand for activated carbon in water treatment
• 7.2. Use of activated carbon in food and beverage processing
  • 7.2.1. Cane sugar refining
  • 7.2.2. Sweetener production
  • 7.2.3. Citric acid production
  • 7.2.4. Alcoholic beverage production
  • 7.2.5. Fruit juice purification
  • 7.2.6. Vegetable oil refining
  • 7.2.7. Food additives production
  • 7.2.8. Glycerine production
  • 7.2.9. Carbon dioxide removal
  • 7.2.10. Decaffeination
  • 7.2.11. Process water treatment
  • 7.2.12. Trends in demand for activated carbon in food and beverage processing
• 7.3. Use of activated carbon in gold recovery
  • 7.3.1. Carbon-in-pulp process
  • 7.3.2. Carbon-in-leach process
  • 7.3.3. Carbon-in-column process
  • 7.3.4. Gold recovery from activated carbon
  • 7.3.5. Regeneration of activated carbon
  • 7.3.6. Cyanide management
  • 7.3.7. Specifications for activated carbon used in gold recovery
  • 7.3.8. Trends in demand for activated carbon in gold recovery
• 7.4. Use of activated carbon in pharmaceutical and medical markets
• 7.5. Use of activated carbon in chemical markets

8. Gas-phase uses for activated carbon

• 8.1. Use of activated carbon in air treatment
  • 8.1.1. Incinerator flue gas treatment
  • 8.1.2. Mercury control from coal-fired power plants
    • 8.1.2.1. Mercury removal using activated carbon
    • 8.1.2.2. Specifications for activated carbon used in mercury removal
    • 8.1.2.3. Demand for activated carbon in mercury removal
  • 8.1.3. VOC removal
  • 8.1.4. Odour control
  • 8.1.5. Groundwater remediation
  • 8.1.6. Hydrocarbon vapour recovery
  • 8.1.7. Toxic industrial chemical removal
• 8.2. Use of activated carbon in industrial processes
  • 8.2.1. Process gas purification
  • 8.2.2. Mercury removal from natural gas
  • 8.2.3. Gas desulphurisation
  • 8.2.4. Pressure swing adsorption process
  • 8.2.5. Gas storage and delivery
  • 8.2.6. Heat pumps
  • 8.2.7. Catalysts
  • 8.2.8. Fuel cells
  • 8.2.9. Carbon dioxide purification
  • 8.2.10. Chloralkali production
  • 8.2.11. Compressed gas
  • 8.2.12. Advanced batteries
  • 8.2.13. Ultracapacitors
• 8.3. Use of activated carbon in ambient air treatment
  • 8.3.1. Manufacturing plants
  • 8.3.2. Sensitive buildings
  • 8.3.3. Public spaces
  • 8.3.4. Cigarette filters
  • 8.3.5. Household odours
  • 8.3.6. Fruit storage
  • 8.3.7. Jewellery protection
  • 8.3.8. Cat litter
  • 8.3.9. Vehicle cabin air
  • 8.3.10. Automotive emissions
    • 8.3.10.1. Vehicle canisters
    • 8.3.10.2. ORVR canisters
    • 8.3.10.3. Air induction systems
    • 8.3.10.4. Hybrid electric vehicles and gasoline direct injected engines
• 8.4. Use of activated carbon in personnel protection
  • 8.4.1. Protection from toxic gases
  • 8.4.2. Consumer protection
  • 8.4.3. Nuclear protection
  • 8.4.4. Military clothing

9. International trade in activated carbon

• 9.1. Exports of activated carbon

10. Price trends for activated carbon

Tables Listing

• 1. Key properties of the main types of activated carbon
• 2. Typical pore volume distribution of the main types of activated carbon
• 3. US mesh sizes
• 4. Impurities in activated carbon
• 5. Specifications for powdered activated carbon
• 6. Specifications for granular activated carbon
• 7. Specifications for pelletised activated carbon
• 8. Specifications for regenerated activated carbon
• 9. Specifications for KoTHmex activated carbon fibre
• 10. Fixed carbon content of activated carbon raw materials
• 11. Comparison of properties of activated carbon by raw material
• 12. Specifications for coal processed in China
• 13. Comparison of inorganic elements in typical unwashed and acid-washed activated carbons produced by Norit
• 14. Contaminants removed by impregnated activated carbon
• 15. World: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by leading producing country, 2007
• 16. World: Leading producers of activated carbon, 2007
• 17. World: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by producer, 2007
• 18. Japan: Russia and the USA: Reported production of activated carbon, 2000-2008
• 19. World: Estimated regeneration capacity for activated carbon operated by producers and service companies, 2007
• 20. World: Potential expansion in production capacity for activated carbon by producer, 2008
• 21. ACT: Grades of activated carbon
• 22. Indstrias Quimicas Carbomafra: Grades of activated carbon
• 23. China: Specifications for unprocessed coal
• 24. China: Typical specifications for coal-based activated carbons
• 25. China: Typical specifications for nut shell-based activated carbons
• 26. China: Market for steam-activated carbon, 2003-2007
• 27. China: Producers of activated carbon, 2007
• 28. Kaihua Xingda Chemical: Grades of activated carbon
• 29. China: Exports of activated carbon by country of destination, 2003-2007
• 30. China: Anti-dumping duties imposed on activated carbon exports to the USA by company, 2007
• 31. Ceca: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by grade, 2007
• 32. Pica: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by plant, 2007
• 33. Pica: Grades of activated carbon
• 34. Donau Carbon: Grades of activated carbon
• 35. India: Producers of activated carbon
• 36. Core Carbons: Specifications for activated carbon
• 37. IGCL: Grades of activated carbon
• 38. Indonesia: Leading producers of activated carbon
• 39. Indonesia: Activated carbon operations
• 40. Intan Prima: Grades of activated carbon
• 41. Japan: Production and imports of activated carbon, FY 2000-2007
• 42. Japan: Leading producers of activated carbon, 2007
• 43. Kuraray Chemical: Activated carbon operations, 2007
• 44. Kureha Carbon Products: Properties of BAC activated carbon
• 45. Osaka Gas: Activated carbon operations
• 46. Shinkwang Chemical Industry: Production capacity for activated carbon by grade, 2007
• 47. Malaysia: Leading producers of activated carbon
• 48. Laju Carbon Products: Grades of activated carbon
• 49. Netherlands: Trade in activated carbon, 2005-2007
• 50. Norit: Activated carbon operations
• 51. Philippines: Exports of activated carbon and coconut shell charcoal, 2000-2007
• 52. Philippines: Leading producers of activated carbon, 2007
• 53. PJAC: Specifications for activated carbon
• 54. Russia: Production of wood charcoal by producer, 2000-2006
• 55. Russia: Production of activated carbon by producer, 2000-2006
• 56. Electrostal Chemical-Mechanical Plant: Grades of activated carbon
• 57. Karbokhim: Specifications for activated carbon
• 58. Sorbent: Production of activated carbon, 1997-2006
• 59. Sorbent: Grades of activated carbon
• 60. Tekhnosorb: Grades of activated carbon
• 61. Russia: Imports of activated carbon by country of origin, 2003-2007
• 62. Sri Lanka: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by producer, 2007
• 63. Haycarb: Activated carbon operations, 2007
• 64. Haycarb: Grades of activated carbon
• 65. Jacobi Carbons: Activated carbon operations
• 66. Jacobi Carbons: Grades of activated carbon
• 67. Taiwan Carbon Technology: Specifications for activated carbon fibre
• 68. UK: Trade in activated carbon, 2003-2007
• 69. UK: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by producer, 2007
• 70. Charcoal Cloth International: Grades of activated carbon cloth
• 71. Eurocarb: Grades of activated carbon
• 72. Sutcliffe Speakman: Grades of activated carbon
• 73. USA: Reported production of activated carbon, 2000-2007
• 74. USA: Production and shipments of steam-activated carbon, 2003-2006
• 75. USA: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by producer, 2007
• 76. USA: Activated carbon regeneration capacity and production by producers and service providers, 2003-2006
• 77. Calgon Carbon: Net sales by segment, 2003-2007
• 78. Calgon Carbon: Activated carbon operations worldwide
• 79. Calgon Carbon: Grades of activated carbon
• 80. Carbon Resources: Grades of activated carbon
• 81. MeadWestvaco: Grades of activated carbon
• 82. Siemens Water Technologies: Activated carbon services
• 83. USA: Net imports of activated carbon, 2001-2007
• 84. USA: Imports of activated carbon by country of origin, 2004-2007
• 85. USA: Average values of imports and domestic shipments of steam-activated carbon, 2003-2006
• 86. Japan and the USA: Estimated consumption of activated carbon, 2000-2007
• 87. USA: Estimated consumption of activated carbon by end-use, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2005 and 2007
• 88. World: Forecast demand for activated carbon, 2010 and 2015
• 89. Main features of water treatment using powdered and granular activated carbon
• 90. Examples of municipal drinking water plants using activated carbon
• 91. Typical parameters for municipal water treatment using AquaSorb 2000 activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 92. Main applications for activated carbon in industrial wastewater treatment
• 93. Typical parameters for effluent water treatment using AquaSorb 1000 granular activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 94. Specifications for activated carbon liquid-phase adsorption systems for groundwater remediation produced by TIGG
• 95. Typical parameters for process water treatment using AquaSorb CS activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 96. Specifications for Filtrasorb granular activated carbon for water treatment produced by Calgon Carbon
• 97. Specifications for AquaCarb activated carbon for water treatment produced by Siemens Water Technologies
• 98. USA: Estimated consumption of activated carbon in water treatment, 1997, 2002, 2005 and 2007
• 99. World: Leading producers of centrifugal sugar, 2005/06-2007/08
• 100. Properties of activated carbon for sugar decolourisation produced by CPL Carbon Link
• 101. Typical parameters for glucose decolourisation using ColorSorb activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 102. USA: Shipments of corn sweeteners for domestic food and beverage use, 2000-2006
• 103. Specifications for activated carbon for beverage filtration supplied by Cameron Carbon
• 104. World: Leading producers of wine, 2003-2007
• 105. World: Leading producers of beer, 2002-2006
• 106. Specifications for WF-12 activated carbon for fruit juice purification supplied by Winfield Industries
• 107. Specifications for GA SERIES activated carbon for edible oil purification supplied by Jiangxi Sinobase Juston
• 108. World: Leading producers of vegetable oils, 2003/04-2007/08
• 109. Typical CIP design parameters using GoldSorb activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 110. Typical CIL design parameters using GoldSorb activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 111. Typical CIC design parameters using GoldSorb activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 112. Typical operating conditions for Zadra and AARL processes
• 113. Specifications for Filtrasorb activated carbon produced by Bieco Link Carbon for gold recovery
• 114. Specifications for GoldSorb activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons for gold recovery
• 115. World: Leading gold producers, 2005-2007
• 116. World: CIP/CIL plants under construction or consideration, 2008
• 117. Properties of NORIT GAC 1240 PLUS ultra-purity activated carbon for pharmaceutical applications
• 118. Properties of NORIT A SUPRA USP Pharmacopeia-grade activated carbon for pharmaceutical applications
• 119. Typical parameters for purified phosphoric acid production using ColorSorb H200 granular activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 120. Typical parameters for flue gas treatment using DioxSorb powdered activated carbon from Jacobi Carbons
• 121. Properties of DioxSorb activated carbon for flue gas treatment produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 122. Properties of DARCO activated carbon for flue gas treatment produced by Norit Americas
• 123. Specifications for powdered activated carbon for flue gas mercury removal produced by Norit Americas
• 124. Typical parameters for solvent recovery using EcoSorb BX-Plus activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 125. Properties of SORBONORIT activated carbon for solvent recovery produced by Norit Americas
• 126. Typical parameters for hydrogen sulphide control using AddSorb VA3 produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 127. Use of activated carbon in process gas purification
• 128. Typical parameters for process gas purification using EcoSorb activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 129. Typical parameters for mercury removal from natural gas using AddSorb VQ1 produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 130. Typical specifications for activated carbon used in PSA processes
• 131. Uses for Merox catalysts
• 132. Comparison of PbC and conventional battery systems
• 133. Comparison of ultracapacitors, electrostatic capacitors and batteries
• 134. Typical parameters for industrial air treatment using EcoSorb GXB activated carbon produced by Jacobi Carbons
• 135. World: Leading exporters of activated carbon, 2003-2007
• 136. World: Exports of activated carbon recorded by leading exporting countries, 2006
• 137. World: Exports of activated carbon recorded by leading exporting countries, 2007
• 138. World: Leading importers of activated carbon, 2003-2007
• 139. World: Imports of activated carbon recorded by leading importing countries, 2006
• 140. World: Imports of activated carbon recorded by leading importing countries, 2007
• 141. USA: Imports of activated carbon by country of origin, January to April 2007-2008
• 142. Average values of activated carbon imported into Japan, the USA, South Korea and Belgium by country of origin, 2007
• 143. Average values of activated carbon exported from China by country of destination, 2003-2007
• 144. Activated carbon prices quoted by producers, mid-2008

Figures Listing

• 1. World: Forecast consumption of activated carbon, 2010 and 2015
• 2. Stages in the production of activated carbon from coconut shells
• 3. Stages in the production of activated carbon from coal
• 4. World: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by region, 2002 and 2007
• 5. World: Estimated production capacity for activated carbon by leading producing country, 2007
• 6. China: Exports of activated carbon by leading market, 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2007
• 7. Pica: Sales of activated carbon by geographical market, 2005
• 8. Japan: Production and imports of activated carbon, 2000-2007
• 9. Norit: Estimated exports of activated carbon by country of destination, 2007
• 10. USA: Market for activated carbon by producer, 2006
• 11. Calgon Carbon: Net sales by end-use, 2007
• 12. USA: Imports of activated carbon by country of origin, 2007
• 13. World: Estimated consumption of activated carbon by leading consuming country, 2007
• 14. USA: Estimated consumption of activated carbon by end-use, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2005 and 2007
• 15. Calgon Carbon: Sales of activated carbon by end-use, 2007
• 16. USA: Consumption of activated carbon in liquid-phase uses by market
• 17. Stages in the treatment of drinking water using activated carbon
• 18. Stages in the treatment of wastewater using activated carbon
• 19. Choice of activated carbon process for wastewater treatment
• 20. World: Estimated production of wine by region, 2007
• 21. World: Production of beer by region, 2006
• 22. Carbon-in-pulp process
• 23. World: Mine production of gold by region, 1997-2006
• 24. World: Mine production of gold by country, 2007
• 25. USA: Consumption of activated carbon in gas-phase uses by market
• 26. Mercury removal from power plant flue gas using activated carbon
• 27. Mercury removal from natural gas using activated carbon
• 28. World: Exports of activated carbon by country of origin, 2007
• 29. World: Exports of activated carbon by region of origin, 2007
• 30. China: Exports of activated carbon by country of destination, 2003-2007
• 31. USA: Exports of activated carbon by region of destination, 2007
• 32. World: Imports of activated carbon by region of origin, 2007
• 33. World: Imports of activated carbon by country of origin, 2007
• 34. USA: Imports of activated carbon by country of origin, 2003-2007
• 35. Average values of activated carbon imported into the USA by leading country of origin, 2003-2008
• 36. Average values of activated carbon exported from China by leading country of destination, 2003-2007