The Economics of Lithium, 11th edition

Table of Contents

Chapters Listing

1 Summary

2 Lithium mineralogy, occurrence and reserves

• 2 .1 Occurrence of lithium
  • 2 .1 .1 Lithium minerals
  • 2 .1 .2 Lithium clays (hectorite)
  • 2 .1 .3 Lithium brines
• 2 .2 Lithium reserves

3 Lithium mining, processing and grades

• 3 .1 Extraction and processing of lithium brines
• 3 .2 Mining and processing of lithium minerals
• 3 .3 Production of lithium compounds from minerals
• 3 .4 Lithium compounds and chemicals
• 3 .5 Production costs

4 Production of lithium

• 4 .1 Production of lithium by source
  • 4 .1 .1 Production of lithium minerals
  • 4 .1 .2 Production of lithium from brines
  • 4 .1 .3 Production of lithium compounds from minerals
• 4 .2 Production of downstream lithium chemicals
• 4 .3 Outlook for the production of lithium to 2013
  • 4 .3 .1 Outlook for the production of lithium from brines
  • 4 .3 .2 Outlook for the production of lithium minerals
  • 4 .3 .3 Outlook for the production of lithium compounds from minerals
  • 4 .3 .4 Forecast capacity for lithium production to 2013
  • 4 .3 .5 Forecast production of lithium to 2013

5 Review of lithium producing countries

• 5 .1 Afghanistan
• 5 .2 Argentina
  • 5 .2 .1 Minera del Altiplano SA
  • 5 .2 .2 Sentient Group
  • 5 .2 .3 Orocobre Ltd.
  • 5 .2 .4 Other prospects for lithium production in Argentina
• 5 .3 Australia
  • 5 .3 .1 Talison Minerals Pty. Ltd.
    • 5 .3 .1 .1 Resources
    • 5 .3 .1 .2 Mining and production
    • 5 .3 .1 .3 Product specifications
  • 5 .3 .2 Galaxy Resources Ltd.
  • 5 .3 .3 Other prospects for lithium production in Australia
• 5 .4 Austria
• 5 .5 Belgium
  • 5 .5 .1 Umicore
• 5 .6 Bolivia
  • 5 .6 .1 Salar de Uyuni
  • 5 .6 .2 New World Resource Corp.
• 5 .7 Brazil
  • 5 .7 .1 Reserves of lithium in Brazil
  • 5 .7 .2 Production of lithium in Brazil
    • 5 .7 .2 .1 Cia Brasileira do Litio (CBL)
    • 5 .7 .2 .2 Arqueana de Minerios e Metais Ltda
  • 5 .7 .3 Potential producers of lithium in Brazil
    • 5 .7 .3 .1 Cia Industrial Fluminense
• 5 .8 Canada
  • 5 .8 .1 Resources of lithium in Canada
  • 5 .8 .2 Trade in lithium to/from Canada
  • 5 .8 .3 Producers of lithium in Canada
    • 5 .8 .3 .1 TANCO
    • 5 .8 .3 .2 Limtech Lithium Industries Inc.
    • 5 .8 .3 .3 ToxCo Canada
  • 5 .8 .4 Potential producers of lithium in Canada
    • 5 .8 .4 .1 Avalon Rare Metals Inc.
    • 5 .8 .4 .2 Canada Lithium Corp.
    • 5 .8 .4 .3 GlobeStar Mining
    • 5 .8 .4 .4 Pacific Iron Ore Corp
    • 5 .8 .4 .5 Raymor Industries Inc
    • 5 .8 .4 .6 Other potential deposits
• 5 .9 Chile
  • 5 .9 .1 Reserves of lithium in Chile
  • 5 .9 .2 Production of lithium in Chile
    • 5 .9 .2 .1 SQM
    • 5 .9 .2 .2 SCL
  • 5 .9 .3 Exports of lithium from Chile
• 5 .10 China
  • 5 .10 .1 Reserves of lithium in China
    • 5 .10 .1 .1 Mineral reserves
    • 5 .10 .1 .2 Brine reserves
  • 5 .10 .2 Production of lithium in China
    • 5 .10 .2 .1 Production of lithium minerals
    • 5 .10 .2 .2 Production of lithium from brines
    • 5 .10 .2 .3 Production of lithium compounds from minerals
    • 5 .10 .2 .4 Production of lithium metal
  • 5 .10 .3 Trade in lithium to/from China
  • 5 .10 .4 Producers of lithium minerals in China
    • 5 .10 .4 .1 Sichuan Ni&Co Guorun New Materials Co. Ltd.
    • 5 .10 .4 .2 Xinjiang Non-ferrous Metals (Group) Ltd.
    • 5 .10 .4 .3 Sichuan Jinchuan Lithium Minerals Co. Ltd.
    • 5 .10 .4 .4 Sichuan Province Mining Ltd.
    • 5 .10 .4 .5 Jiangxi Ningdu Taiyu Lithium Industry Co. Ltd
    • 5 .10 .4 .6 Dexin Mining Resources Ltd.
    • 5 .10 .4 .7 Other producers and traders of lithium minerals in China
  • 5 .10 .5 Potential producers of lithium minerals in China
  • 5 .10 .6 Producers of lithium from brine in China
    • 5 .10 .6 .1 Tibet Zabuye Lithium Industry High Technology Co. Ltd.
    • 5 .10 .6 .2 Qinghai CITIC Guoan Science and Technology Co. Ltd.
    • 5 .10 .6 .3 Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Group Co. Ltd.
  • 5 .10 .7 Potential producers of lithium from brine in China
    • 5 .10 .7 .1 Qinghai Salt Lake Lanke Lithium Industry Co. Ltd
    • 5 .10 .7 .2 Sterling Group Ventures
  • 5 .10 .8 Converters of lithium minerals in China
    • 5 .10 .8 .1 Sichuan Shehong Lithium Industry Co. Ltd.
    • 5 .10 .8 .2 Sichuan Ni&Co Guorun New Materials
    • 5 .10 .8 .3 Pan-Asia (Nantong) Lithium Co. Ltd.
    • 5 .10 .8 .4 Xinjiang Lithium Salt Plant (XLSP)
    • 5 .10 .8 .5 Aba Guangsheng Lithium Co. Ltd.,
    • 5 .10 .8 .6 Jixiang Lithium Salt Plant
    • 5 .10 .8 .7 Xinyu Ganfeng Lithium Co. Ltd.
  • 5 .10 .9 Producers of lithium chemicals in China
  • 5 .10 .10 Producers of lithium materials for batteries
  • 5 .10 .11 Producers of lithium bromide
  • 5 .10 .12 Producers of lithium metal
• 5 .11 Democratic Republic of Congo
• 5 .12 Finland
  • 5 .12 .1 Keliber Oy
• 5 .13 France
• 5 .14 Germany
  • 5 .14 .1 Chemetall GmbH
• 5 .15 Greece
• 5 .16 India
• 5 .17 Ireland
• 5 .18 Israel
• 5 .19 Japan
• 5 .20 Kazakhstan
• 5 .21 Mali
• 5 .22 Morocco
• 5 .23 Mozambique
• 5 .24 Namibia
• 5 .25 Netherlands
• 5 .26 New Zealand
• 5 .27 Portugal
• 5 .28 Russia
  • 5 .28 .1 Reserves of lithium in Russia
  • 5 .28 .2 Production of lithium in Russia
    • 5 .28 .2 .1 JSC Krasnoyarsk Chemical Metallurgical Plant
    • 5 .28 .2 .2 JSC Novosibirsk Chemical Concentration Plant
  • 5 .28 .3 Trade in lithium to/from Russia
• 5 .29 Serbia
• 5 .30 South Africa
• 5 .31 South Korea
• 5 .32 Spain
• 5 .33 Taiwan
• 5 .34 Tajikistan
• 5 .35 Turkey
• 5 .36 UK
• 5 .37 Ukraine
• 5 .38 USA
  • 5 .38 .1 Trade in lithium to/from the USA
  • 5 .38 .2 Producers of lithium in the USA
    • 5 .38 .2 .1 Chemetall Foote Corporation
    • 5 .38 .2 .2 FMC Lithium
    • 5 .38 .2 .3 SQM
    • 5 .38 .2 .4 ToxCo Inc
    • 5 .38 .2 .5 Tronox Inc.
    • 5 .38 .2 .6 Southern Clay Products
  • 5 .38 .3 Potential producers of lithium in the USA
    • 5 .38 .3 .1 Canada Lithium Corp.
    • 5 .38 .3 .2 Simbol Mining
    • 5 .38 .3 .3 Western Lithium USA Corporation
• 5 .39 Uzbekistan
• 5 .40 Zimbabwe
  • 5 .40 .1 Bikita Minerals (Pvt) Ltd

6 International trade in lithium

• 6 .1 Trade in lithium carbonate
• 6 .2 Trade in lithium chloride
• 6 .3 Trade in lithium oxide and hydroxide

7 Consumption of lithium

• 7 .1 Consumption of lithium by country
• 7 .2 Consumption of lithium by end-use
• 7 .3 Consumption of lithium by form
• 7 .4 Outlook for consumption of lithium by end-use
• 7 .5 Outlook for consumption of lithium by form

8 Use of lithium in glass and ceramics

• 8 .1 Action of lithium in glass-ceramics
• 8 .2 Action of lithium in glass
• 8 .3 Action of lithium in ceramics
• 8 .4 Production and consumption of glass-ceramics
  • 8 .4 .1 Producers of heat-proof glass-ceramics
  • 8 .4 .2 Producers of other glass-ceramics
  • 8 .4 .3 Consumption of lithium in glass-ceramics
• 8 .5 Production and consumption of glass
  • 8 .5 .1 Container glass
  • 8 .5 .2 Flat glass
  • 8 .5 .3 Fibreglass
  • 8 .5 .4 Speciality glass
  • 8 .5 .5 Consumption of lithium in glass
• 8 .6 Production and consumption of ceramics
  • 8 .6 .1 Sanitaryware
  • 8 .6 .2 Ceramic tiles
  • 8 .6 .3 Tableware
  • 8 .6 .4 Glazes and enamels
  • 8 .6 .5 Consumption of lithium in ceramics
• 8 .7 Consumption of lithium in ceramics, glass and glass-ceramics
• 8 .8 Outlook for consumption of lithium in glass and ceramics

9 Use of lithium in batteries

• 9 .1 Types of batteries
• 9 .2 Lithium primary batteries
  • 9 .2 .1 Production of lithium primary batteries
  • 9 .2 .2 Producers of lithium primary batteries
  • 9 .2 .3 Trade in lithium primary batteries
  • 9 .2 .4 Consumption of lithium primary batteries
  • 9 .2 .5 Consumption of lithium in primary batteries
  • 9 .2 .6 Outlook for consumption of lithium in primary batteries
• 9 .3 Lithium secondary batteries
  • 9 .3 .1 Lithium-ion batteries
    • 9 .3 .1 .1 Lithium-ion battery cathodes
    • 9 .3 .1 .2 Lithium-ion battery electrolytes
    • 9 .3 .1 .3 Lithium-ion battery anodes
  • 9 .3 .2 Lithium metal polymer batteries
  • 9 .3 .3 Lithium sulphur batteries
  • 9 .3 .4 Production of lithium secondary batteries
  • 9 .3 .5 Producers of lithium secondary batteries
    • 9 .3 .5 .1 Producers of lithium secondary battery materials
  • 9 .3 .6 Demand for lithium secondary batteries
    • 9 .3 .6 .1 Demand for lithium secondary batteries for portable goods
    • 9 .3 .6 .2 Demand for lithium secondary batteries for transport
    • 9 .3 .6 .3 Demand for lithium secondary batteries for other applications
  • 9 .3 .7 Lithium content of lithium secondary batteries
  • 9 .3 .8 Consumption of lithium in lithium secondary batteries
  • 9 .3 .9 Outlook for consumption of lithium in lithium secondary batteries

10 Use of lithium in lubricating grease

• 10 .1 Types of lubricating grease
• 10 .2 Production of lithium grease
• 10 .3 Producers of lithium grease
• 10 .4 Consumption of lithium greases
• 10 .5 Consumption of lithium in greases
• 10 .6 Outlook for consumption of lithium in greases

11 Use of lithium in aluminium smelting

• 11 .1 Aluminium smelting
• 11 .2 Production of aluminium
• 11 .3 Consumption of aluminium
• 11 .4 Outlook for aluminium production
• 11 .5 Consumption of lithium in aluminium smelting
• 11 .6 Outlook for consumption of lithium in aluminium smelting

12 Use of lithium in rubbers and thermoplastics

• 12 .1 Types of rubbers and plastics
• 12 .2 Production of synthetic rubber
• 12 .3 Producers of synthetic rubber
• 12 .4 Consumption of synthetic rubber
• 12 .5 Consumption of lithium in rubbers and thermoplastics
• 12 .6 Outlook for consumption of lithium in rubbers and thermoplastics

13 Use of lithium in air treatment

• 13 .1 Absorption chillers
  • 13 .1 .1 Production of absorption chillers
  • 13 .1 .2 Producers of adsorption chillers
  • 13 .1 .3 Consumption of lithium in absorption chillers
• 13 .2 Dehumidification
  • 13 .2 .1 Production of desiccant dehumidification systems
  • 13 .2 .2 Producers of desiccant dehumidification systems
  • 13 .2 .3 Consumption of lithium in desiccant dehumidifiers
• 13 .3 Air purification
• 13 .5 Outlook for consumption of lithium in air treatment

14 Use of lithium in pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals

• 14 .1 Pharmaceuticals
  • 14 .1 .1 Producers of lithium-based pharmaceuticals
  • 14 .1 .2 Production and consumption of lithium-based pharmaceuticals
• 14 .2 Fine chemicals
• 14 .3 Consumption of lithium in pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals
• 14 .4 Outlook for consumption of lithium in pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals

15 Use of lithium in continuous casting

• 15 .1 Continuous casting mould fluxes
• 15 .2 Consumption of lithium in mould powders
• 15 .3 Outlook for consumption of lithium in mould powders

16 Minor end-uses for lithium

• 16 .1 Aluminium-lithium alloys
  • 16 .1 .1 Types of aluminium-lithium alloys
  • 16 .1 .2 Production of aluminium-lithium alloys
  • 16 .1 .3 Producers of aluminium-lithium alloys
  • 16 .1 .4 Consumption of aluminium-lithium alloys
  • 16 .1 .5 Consumption of lithium in aluminium-lithium alloys
  • 16 .1 .6 Outlook for consumption of lithium in aluminium-lithium alloys
• 16 .2 Electronics
• 16 .3 Construction
• 16 .4 Water treatment and sanitisation
• 16 .5 Nickel secondary batteries
• 16 .6 Analytical agents
• 16 .7 Dyestuffs
• 16 .8 Metallurgy
• 16 .9 Photographic industry
• 16 .10 Welding fluxes
• 16 .11 Other speciality lithium inorganics

17 Prices of lithium

• 17 .1 Lithium mineral prices
• 17 .2 Lithium carbonate prices
• 17 .3 Lithium hydroxide prices
• 17 .4 Lithium chloride prices
• 17 .5 Prices of lithium chemicals and lithium metal
• 17 .6 Outlook for lithium prices to 2013
  • 17 .6 .1 Lithium minerals
  • 17 .6 .2 Lithium compounds

Tables Listing

• 1 Properties of lithium
• 2 Main lithium minerals
• 3 Brine concentrations at selected deposits
• 4 Lithium reserves by country
• 5 Composition of standard lithium concentrates
• 6 Specifications for lithium carbonate produced by SCL and Chemetall
• 7 Specifications for lithium carbonate produced by other suppliers
• 8 Production of lithium by company and country, 2000-2008
• 9 Producers of lithium minerals, 2008
• 10 Producers of brine-based lithium carbonate and chloride, 2008
• 11 Production of lithium compounds from minerals, 2000-2008
• 12 Expansion projects by current lithium producers
• 13 Potential new lithium brine projects
• 14 Potential new lithium mineral projects
• 15 Argentina: Salars with lithium reserves
• 16 Argentina: Exports of lithium chloride, 2000-2008
• 17 Argentina: Trade in lithium carbonate, 2000-2008
• 18 Minera del Altiplano: Production of lithium carbonate and chloride, 2000-2008
• 19 Minera del Altiplano: Average values of exports of lithium carbonate and chloride, 2000-2008
• 20 Admiralty Resources: Reserves at Salar del Rincon, 2007
• 21 Australia: Exports of mineral substances, NES, 2000-2008
• 22 Australia: Average values of exports of mineral substances, NES, 2000-2008
• 23 Talison Minerals: Production and sales of spodumene minerals, 2000-2008
• 24 Talison Minerals: Specifications for spodumene concentrate SC4.8
• 25 Talison Minerals: Typical specifications for spodumene concentrates
• 26 Galaxy Resources: Mount Cattlin mineral resource estimate
• 27 Belgium: Trade in lithium carbonate, 2000-2008
• 28 Belgium: Trade in lithium oxide and hydroxide, 2000-2008
• 29 New World Resource: Chemical data from Lagunas Pastos Grandes
• 30 Brazil: Measured reserves of lithium minerals by type, 2005
• 31 Brazil: Production, trade and apparent consumption of lithium, 2000-2008
• 32 Canada: Reserves and resources of lithium in pegmatite deposits
• 33 Canada: Trade in lithium chemicals, 2000-2008
• 34 TANCO: Specifications for spodumene concentrates
• 35 Limtech: Specifications of lithium carbonate
• 36 Avalon Rare Metals: Mineralogy of the Big Whopper resource
• 37 Avalon Rare Metals: Chemical composition of the Big Whopper resource
• 38 Chile: Production of lithium carbonate and chloride by company, 2000-2008
• 39 SQM: Production and sales of lithium compounds, 2000-2008
• 40 SQM: Specifications for lithium carbonate
• 41 SQM: Specifications for lithium hydroxide
• 42 Chile: Exports of lithium carbonate by country of destination, 2000-2008
• 43 Chile: Exports of lithium carbonate by company, 1998-2008
• 44 Chile: Exports of lithium chloride by country of destination, 2000-2008
• 45 Chile: Exports of lithium chloride by company, 2005-2008
• 46 Chile: Exports of lithium hydroxide by country of destination, 2004-2008
• 47 Chile: Average value of exports of lithium hydroxide, 2005-2008
• 48 China: Estimated reserves of lithium minerals
• 49 China: Reserves and resources of lithium in brines
• 50 China: Production of lithium, 2000-2008
• 51 China: Producers of lithium minerals
• 52 China: Current and potential producers of lithium from brines
• 53 China: Main producers of lithium compounds
• 54 China: Lithium metal production, trade and consumption, 2005-2007
• 55 China: Main producers of lithium metal
• 56 China: Trade in lithium carbonate, 2000-2008
• 57 China: Trade in lithium chloride, 2000-2008
• 58 China: Trade in lithium oxide and hydroxide, 2000-2008
• 59 Sterling Resources: Brine reserves at Dangxiongcuo
• 60 France: Trade in lithium compounds, 2000-2008
• 61 Germany: Imports of lithium carbonate, 2000-2008
• 62 Chemetall: Lithium product range
• 63 India: Imports of lithium compounds, 2000-2008
• 64 India: Producers of lithium chemicals
• 65 Japan: Imports and consumption of lithium products, 2000-2007
• 66 Namibia: Production of lithium minerals, 1990-1998
• 67 Netherlands: Trade in lithium compounds, 2000-2008
• 68 Portugal: Production of lithium, 2000-2008
• 69 Portugal: Chemical composition of sills in Goncalco deposit
• 70 Russia: Deposits of lithium
• 71 Russia: Production of lithium concentrates, 1992-1998
• 72 JSC CHMP: Specification of lithium hydroxide and metal
• 73 JSC CHMP: Production of lithium hydroxide, 2003-2007
• 74 Russia: Imports of lithium carbonate, 2000-2008
• 75 Russia: Trade in lithium hydroxide, 2000-2008
• 76 Spain: Production of lepidolite, 2000-2008
• 77 Spain: Trade in lithium carbonate and hydroxide, 2000-2008
• 78 UK: Trade in lithium compounds, 2000-2008
• 79 USA: Market for lithium, 2000-2008
• 80 USA: Trade in lithium carbonate, 2000-2008
• 81 USA: Trade in lithium oxide and hydroxide, 2000-2008
• 82 FMC Lithium: Product range
• 83 Zimbabwe: Production of lithium minerals, 2000-2008
• 84 Zimbabwe: Exports of minerals substances NES, 2004, 2005 and 2007
• 85 World: Leading exporters of lithium carbonate, 2000-2008
• 86 World: Leading importers of lithium carbonate, 2000-2008
• 87 World: Trade in lithium carbonate by leading exporting country, 2007
• 88 World: Leading exporters of lithium chloride, 2000-2008
• 89 World: Leading exporters of lithium hydroxide, 2000-2008
• 90 World: Leading importers of lithium hydroxide, 2000-2008
• 91 World: Trade in lithium oxide and hydroxide by leading exporting country, 2007
• 92 Consumption of lithium by end-use, 2000 and 2008
• 93 World: Forecast consumption of lithium by end-use, 2008 and 2013
• 94 Glass-ceramic matrices
• 95 Compositions of commercial glass-ceramics
• 96 Typical batch compositions for glass by type
• 97 Main sources of lithia used in glass
• 98 Typical whiteware compositions
• 99 EU: Production of glass by type, 1998-2007
• 100 USA: Production of glass by type, 1999 to 2007
• 101 Flat glass production by country, 2003 to 2007
• 102 World: New flat glass production lines, 2006-2008
• 103 Typical chemical composition of types of textile-grade fibreglass
• 104 EU, Japan, the USA and China: Production of fibreglass, 1998-2007
• 105 World: Display market by technology, 2003-2007
• 106 Consumption of lithium in glass, 2007
• 107 Leading sanitaryware manufacturing companies, 2006
• 108 World: Production of ceramic tiles by leading country, 2002 to 2007
• 109 Leading ceramic tile manufacturing companies, 2007
• 110 Consumption of lithia in ceramics, 2007
• 111 Consumption of lithium in glass and ceramics, 2002-2008
• 112 Comparison of prices for lithium minerals and carbonate, 2002-2008
• 113 Future demand for lithium in ceramics and glass
• 114 Typical properties of primary battery systems
• 115 Japan: Production of primary batteries by type, 1998-2008
• 116 Trade in lithium primary batteries, 2000-2007
• 117 Specifications for battery-grade lithium metal
• 118 Japan: Consumption of lithium metal in primary batteries, 2000-2007
• 119 Forecast demand for lithium in primary batteries
• 120 Typical properties of secondary battery systems
• 121 Properties of lithium-ion battery cathodes
• 122 Current and planned vehicles using lithium secondary batteries
• 123 Lithium use in secondary batteries by main application
• 124 Consumption of lithium in lithium secondary batteries by end-use, 2007
• 125 Forecast production of light passenger vehicles using lithium secondary batteries, 2008-2013
• 126 Demand for lithium in secondary batteries, 2008-2013
• 127 Properties of commercial greases
• 128 World: Producers of lubricating grease
• 129 Forecast demand for lithium in greases, 2008 to 2013
• 130 Grease market trends
• 131 Effects of additives and temperatures on properties of molten cryolite
• 132 Aluminium production costs
• 133 Forecast demand for lithium in aluminium smelting, 2008-2013
• 134 Properties of SE SLR-6430 produced by Dow using a lithium initiator
• 135 Microstructure of different types of polybutadienes
• 136 Producers of SBR and BR synthetic rubber
• 137 Selected countries: Proportion of synthetic rubber consumed in tyres, 2005
• 138 World: Production of car and truck tyres, 1998 and 2007
• 139 World: Forecast sales of passenger tyres, by region, 2007 to 2017
• 140 Forecast demand for lithium in synthetic rubber and thermoplastics, 2008-2013
• 141 Regional markets for absorption chillers, 2001-2007
• 142 Japan: Consumption of lithium bromide, 2000-2007
• 143 Forecast demand for lithium in air treatment, 2008-2013
• 144 Examples of uses for lithium fine chemicals
• 145 USA: Imports and exports of USP-grade lithium carbonate, 2002 to 2007
• 146 Forecast demand for lithium in pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, 2008-2013
• 147 Forecast demand for lithium in continuous casting, 2008-2013
• 148 Physical properties of Al-Li alloys
• 149 Chemical composition of Al-Li alloys
• 150 Use of Al-Li alloys in selected aircraft
• 151 Forecast demand for Al-Li alloys in selected aircraft
• 152 Properties of lithium niobate and lithium tantalate
• 153 Applications for SAW components
• 154 Lithium products for construction markets produced by FMC Lithium
• 155 Applications for speciality inorganic lithium compounds
• 156 Prices of lithium minerals, 2000-2009
• 157 Average values of exports of lithium carbonate by leading producing country, 2000-2008
• 158 Average values of exports of lithium oxides and hydroxides by leading exporting country, 2000-2008
• 159 Average values of exports of lithium chloride by leading producing country, 2000-2008

Figures Listing

• 1 Consumption of lithium by end-use, 2000-2008
• 2 Production of lithium by country, 2000-2008
• 3 Production and price of lithium, 2000-2008
• 4 Overview of lithium production
• 5 Extraction and processing of brines from the Salar de Atacama, Chile and Silver Peak, Nevada by SCL
• 6 Flow sheet showing the processing of brines at Salar de Carmen by SQM
• 7 Talison Minerals: Greenbushes mine lithium process flowsheet
• 8 Simplified flow sheet showing the production of lithium hydroxide from spodumene by the acid-roast process
• 9 Simplified flow sheet showing the production of lithium hydroxide from spodumene by the lime-roast process
• 10 World: Production of lithium by country, 2000-2008
• 11 Production of lithium contained in minerals and brines, 2000-2008
• 12 Production of lithium minerals by company, 2008
• 13 Production of lithium from brines by company, 2008
• 14 Mass balance of lithium available to the market, 2008
• 15 Forecast lithium production capacity, 2008-2013
• 16 Forecast production and consumption of lithium, 2008 to 2013
• 17 Rincon Lithium: Salar del Rincon lithium carbonate process flowsheet
• 18 SQM: Percentage of lithium sales by destination, 2000 and 2007
• 19 SQM: Destination for lithium carbonate exports, 2007
• 20 SCL: Destination for lithium carbonate exports, 2007
• 21 Chile: Shipments of lithium carbonate, 1995-2008
• 22 India: Location of lithium-bearing deposits
• 23 Russia: Reserves of lithium by region
• 24 World: Leading exporters of lithium carbonate, 2008
• 25 World: Leading importers of lithium carbonate, 2008
• 26 Argentina, Chile and China: Exports of lithium chloride by destination, 2008
• 27 World: Leading exporters of lithium hydroxide, 2008
• 28 World: Leading importers of lithium hydroxide, 2008
• 29 World: Estimated consumption of lithium by country/region, 2008
• 30 Consumption of lithium by end-use, 2008
• 31 Consumption of lithium by end-use, 2000-2008
• 32 Consumption of lithium by form, 2008
• 33 Consumption of lithium carbonate by end-use, 2008
• 34 Consumption of lithium minerals by end-use, 2008
• 35 Consumption of lithium by type, 2000-2008
• 36 Forecast consumption of lithium by end-use, 2008-2013
• 37 Consumption of lithium by form, 2008 and 2013
• 38 Production of glass by type, 2007
• 39 Production of container glass by country, 2006
• 40 Sales of container glass by company, 2007
• 41 Production of wine and beer, 2001 to 2006
• 42 Flat glass production by type, 2003 to 2007
• 43 World: Flat glass production by country, 2007
• 44 World: Flat glass production capacity by company, 2006
• 45 World: Demand for flat glass by area, 2006
• 46 Changes in the pattern of construction by selected country/region
• 47 Production of cars and light commercial vehicles by region, 1998 to 2007
• 48 World: Production of sanitaryware by region, 2007
• 49 Ceramic tile production by region, 2006
• 50 Production and consumption of ceramic tiles, 2007
• 51 Growth in ceramics and glass production and GDP, 1998 to 2007
• 52 Forecast production of ceramics and glass, 2003 to 2013
• 53 Specific energy and energy density of primary batteries
• 54 Primary and secondary battery gravimetric energy density
• 55 Production of primary lithium batteries, 2000-2008
• 56 Demand for lithium metal in primary batteries, 2000-2008
• 57 Forecast demand for lithium metal in primary batteries, 2008-2013
• 58 Specific energy and energy density of secondary batteries
• 59 Cathode material demand for lithium-ion batteries, 2008
• 60 Secondary battery sales by type, 2000-2008
• 61 Lithium-ion battery production by country, 2000-2008
• 62 Average values of secondary batteries by type, 2000-2007
• 63 Battery materials industry structure
• 64 Breakdown of sales of lithium-ion battery cells by end-use, 2007
• 65 Japan: Production of lithium-ion batteries and lithium consumption in lithium-ion batteries, 2000-2007
• 66 Consumption of lithium in lithium secondary batteries by end-use, 2000-2008
• 67 Demand for lithium in lithium secondary batteries for portable goods and high power applications, 2008-2013
• 68 Forecast production of EV, HEV and PHEV cars, 2008-2013
• 69 Demand for lithium in lithium secondary batteries for transport applications, 2008-2013
• 70 World: Production of lubricating grease by type, 2007
• 71 World: Production of lubricating grease by type, 2000 to 2007
• 72 World: Production of lithium grease by area and type, 2000 and 2007
• 73 Relative industrial output and lithium grease production, 2001 to 2007
• 74 World: Production of grease and consumption of lithium, 2000 to 2008
• 75 Production of aluminium by region, 1998 to 2007
• 76 World: Production of primary aluminium by country, 2007
• 77 Aluminium smelting capacity utilisation for selected countries, 2000-2007
• 78 Production and consumption of aluminium, 2007
• 79 Aluminium consumption and GDP growth, 1998 to 2007
• 80 Forecast GDP growth and aluminium consumption
• 81 Aluminium production and lithium demand, 2000-2008
• 82 Forecast aluminium production and lithium demand, 2008-2013
• 83 Capacity for SBR and BR rubber production, 2007
• 84 World: Production of synthetic rubber by region, 1998-2007
• 85 Consumption of synthetic rubber by country, 2007
• 86 Tyre production by country, 2007
• 87 World: Market for tyres, by region, 2007
• 88 Consumption of SBC by end-use, 2007
• 89 Production of synthetic rubber and tyres and consumption of lithium in rubber and thermoplastics, 2000-2008
• 90 Forecast rubber and thermoplastic production and lithium consumption, 2008-2013
• 91 Demand for lithium bromide in absorption chillers, 2001-2008
• 92 USA: Prescriptions for patients with bi-polar disorder, 2005
• 93 Production of continuously cast steel by region, 1998 to 2007
• 94 Development of Al-Li alloys
• 95 Average annual prices of lithium minerals, 2000-2009
• 96 Average values of exports of lithium carbonate by leading producing country, 1999-2008
• 97 Average values of exports of lithium hydroxide by leading producing country, 2000-2008
• 98 Forecast prices for lithium carbonate, 2008-2013